§5.4.6̔ο δὲ Λοκρῖνος κόλπος πλατύνεται μέχρι Βαιῶν, χώματι εἰργόμενος ἀπὸ τῆς ἔξω θαλάττης ὀκτασταδίῳ τὸ μῆκος, πλάτος δὲ ἁμαξιτοῦ πλατείας, ὅ φασιν Ἡρακλέα διαχῶσαι τὰς βοῦς ἐλαύνοντα τὰς Γηρυόνου· δεχόμενον δʼ ἐπιπολῆς τὸ κῦμα τοῖς χειμῶσιν ὥστε μὴ πεζεύεσθαι ῥᾳδίως Ἀγρίππας ἐπεσκεύασεν.
The Lucrine gulf widens as far as Baiae, being separated from the outer sea by a dyke eight stadia in length, and in breadth the width of a broad carriage road, which they say Heracles built when he was driving the cattle of Geryon; Agrippa repaired it when it was receiving the wave on its surface in winters so that it could not easily be traversed on foot.
εἴσπλουν δʼ ἔχει πλοίοις ἐλαφροῖς, ἐνορμίσασθαι μὲν ἄχρηστος, τῶν ὀστρέων δὲ θήραν ἔχων ἀφθονωτάτην.
It has an entrance for light vessels, and though useless as an anchorage, it affords a most abundant catch of oysters.
ἔνιοι δὲ τοῦτον αὐτὸν τὴν λίμνην εἶναι τὴν Ἀχερουσίαν φασίν, Ἀρτεμίδωρος δὲ αὐτὸν τὸν Ἄορνον.
Some say this gulf itself is the Acherusian lake, but Artemidorus says it is Avernus itself.
τὰς δὲ Βαίας ἐπωνύμους εἶναι λέγουσι Βαίου τῶν Ὀδυσσέως ἑταίρων τινός.
Baiae, they say, was named after Baius, one of the companions of Odysseus.
ἑξῆς δʼ εἰσὶν αἱ περὶ Δικαιάρχειαν ἀκταὶ καὶ αὐτὴ ἡ πόλις.
Next in order are the shores around Dicaearchia, and the city itself.
ἦν δὲ πρότερον μὲν ἐπίνειον Κυμαίων ἐπʼ ὀφρύος ἱδρυμένον, κατὰ δὲ τὴν Ἀννίβα στρατείαν συνῴκισαν Ῥωμαῖοι καὶ μετωνόμασαν Ποτιόλους ἀπὸ τῶν φρεάτων· οἱ δʼ ἀπὸ τῆς δυσωδίας τῶν ὑδάτων· ἅπαν τὸ χωρίον ἐκεῖ μέχρι Βαιῶν καὶ τῆς Κυμαίας θείου πλῆρές ἐστι καὶ πυρὸς καὶ θερμῶν ὑδάτων.
Formerly it was a port of the Cumaeans, established on the brow of a hill, but at the time of Hannibal's campaign the Romans established a colony there and changed its name to Puteoli, from the wells; but others say it was from the stench of the waters, since the whole place there as far as Baiae and the Cumaean territory is full of sulfur, fire, and hot waters.
τινὲς δὲ καὶ Φλέγραν διὰ τοῦτο τὴν Κυμαίαν νομίζουσι κληθῆναι, καὶ τῶν πεπτωκότων Γιγάντων τὰ κεραύνια τραύματα ἀναφέρειν τὰς τοιαύτας προχοὰς τοῦ πυρὸς καὶ τοῦ ὕδατος.
Some believe that for this reason the Cumaean land was also called Phlegra, and that the thunderbolt wounds of the fallen Giants send forth such streams of fire and water.
ἡ δὲ πόλις ἐμπόριον γεγένηται μέγιστον, χειροποιήτους ἔχουσα ὅρμους διὰ τὴν εὐφυΐαν τῆς ἄμμου· σύμμετρος γάρ ἐστι τῇ τιτάνῳ καὶ κόλλησιν ἰσχυρὰν καὶ πῆξιν λαμβάνει.
The city has become a very great emporium, having man-made harbors because of the favorable nature of the sand; for it is compatible with lime, and takes a strong glue and consolidation.
διόπερ τῇ χάλικι καταμίξαντες τὴν ἀμμοκονίαν προβάλλουσι χώματα εἰς τὴν θάλατταν, καὶ κολποῦσι τὰς ἀναπεπταμένας ᾐόνας ὥστʼ ἀσφαλῶς ἐνορμίζεσθαι τὰς μεγίστας ὁλκάδας.
Therefore, by mixing the volcanic dust with gravel, they throw dykes out into the sea and curve the open shores into gulfs, so that the largest merchant ships can anchor in safety.
ὑπέρκειται δὲ τῆς πόλεως εὐθὺς ἡ τοῦ Ἡφαίστου ἀγορά, πεδίον περικεκλειμένον διαπύροις ὀφρύσι, καμινώδεις ἐχούσαις ἀναπνοὰς πολλαχοῦ καὶ βρωμώδεις ἱκανῶς· τὸ δὲ πεδίον θείου πλῆρές ἐστι συρτοῦ.
Immediately above the city lies the Forum of Hephaestus, a plain enclosed by fiery ridges, having smoky vents in many places which are quite smelly; and the plain is full of drifted sulfur.
§5.4.7μετὰ δὲ Δικαιάρχειάν ἐστι Νεάπολις Κυμαίων (ὕστερον δὲ καὶ Χαλκιδεῖς ἐπῴκησαν καὶ Πιθηκουσσαίων τινὲς καὶ Ἀθηναίων, ὥστε καὶ Νεάπολις ἐκλήθη διὰ τοῦτο), ὅπου δείκνυται μνῆμα τῶν Σειρήνων μιᾶς Παρθενόπης, καὶ ἀγὼν συντελεῖται γυμνικὸς κατὰ μαντείαν.
After Dicaearchia is Neapolis, a city of the Cumaeans (later also Chalcidians, and some of the Pithecussaeans and Athenians settled there, and for this reason it was called Neapolis), where the tomb of Parthenope, one of the Sirens, is shown, and a gymnastic contest is celebrated in accordance with an oracle.
ὕστερον δὲ Καμπανῶν τινας ἐδέξαντο συνοίκους διχοστατήσαντες, καὶ ἠναγκάσθησαν τοῖς ἐχθίστοις ὡς οἰκειοτάτοις χρήσασθαι, ἐπειδὴ τοὺς οἰκείους ἀλλοτρίους ἔσχον.
Later, after a discord, they received some Campanians as co-habitants, and were forced to treat their bitterest enemies as their closest kinsmen, since they found their own kinsmen alienated.
μηνύει δὲ τὰ τῶν δημάρχων ὀνόματα τὰ μὲν πρῶτα Ἑλληνικὰ ὄντα, τὰ δʼ ὕστερα τοῖς Ἑλληνικοῖς ἀναμὶξ τὰ Καμπανικά.
This is indicated by the names of the demarchs, the first ones being Greek, but the later ones Campanian mixed with Greek.
πλεῖστα δʼ ἴχνη τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς ἀγωγῆς ἐνταῦθα σώζεται, γυμνάσιά τε καὶ ἐφηβεῖα καὶ φρατρίαι καὶ ὀνόματα Ἑλληνικὰ καίπερ ὄντων Ῥωμαίων.
Many traces of the Greek way of life are preserved there—gymnasia, ephebeia, phratriae, and Greek names, although the inhabitants are Romans.
νυνὶ δὲ πεντετηρικὸς ἱερὸς ἀγὼν συντελεῖται παρʼ αὐτοῖς μουσικός τε καὶ γυμνικὸς ἐπὶ πλείους ἡμέρας, ἐνάμιλλος τοῖς ἐπιφανεστάτοις τῶν κατὰ τὴν Ἑλλάδα.
At the present time, a sacred quinquennial contest is celebrated among them, both musical and gymnastic, lasting for several days, rivaling the most famous contests in Greece.
ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἐνθάδε διῶρυξ κρυπτή, τοῦ μεταξὺ ὄρους τῆς τε Δικαιαρχείας καὶ τῆς Νεαπόλεως ὑπεργασθέντος ὁμοίως ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τὴν Κύμην, ὁδοῦ τε ἀνοιχθείσης ἐναντίοις ζεύγεσι πορευτῆς ἐπὶ πολλοὺς σταδίους· τὰ δὲ φῶτα ἐκ τῆς ἐπιφανείας τοῦ ὄρους, πολλαχόθεν ἐκκοπεισῶν θυρίδων, διὰ βάθους πολλοῦ κατάγεται.
There is also here an underground tunnel, the intervening mountain between Dicaearchia and Neapolis having been excavated in the same manner as the one to Cumae, and a road opened that is passable for opposing teams of beasts for many stadia; the light is brought down through a great depth from the surface of the mountain, through shafts cut out in many places.
ἔχει δὲ καὶ ἡ Νεάπολις θερμῶν ὑδάτων ἐκβολὰς καὶ κατασκευὰς λουτρῶν οὐ χείρους τῶν ἐν Βαίαις, πολὺ δὲ τῷ πλήθει λειπομένας· ἐκεῖ γὰρ ἄλλη πόλις γεγένηται, συνῳκοδομημένων βασιλείων ἄλλων ἐπʼ ἄλλοις, οὐκ ἐλάττων τῆς Δικαιαρχείας.
Neapolis also has outlets of hot waters and bath establishments not inferior to those in Baiae, though far fewer in number; for there another city has arisen, with palaces built one after another, no smaller than Dicaearchia.
ἐπιτείνουσι δὲ τὴν ἐν Νεαπόλει διαγωγὴν τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν οἱ ἐκ τῆς Ῥώμης ἀναχωροῦντες δεῦρο ἡσυχίας χάριν τῶν ἀπὸ παιδείας ἐργασαμένων ἢ καὶ ἄλλων διὰ γῆρας ἢ ἀσθένειαν ποθούντων ἐν ἀνέσει ζῆν· καὶ τῶν Ῥωμαίων δʼ ἔνιοι χαίροντες τῷ βίῳ τούτῳ, θεωροῦντες τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτῆς ἀγωγῆς ἐπιδημούντων ἀνδρῶν, ἄσμενοι φιλοχωροῦσι καὶ ζῶσιν αὐτόθι.
And those who withdraw hither from Rome for the sake of quiet—such as have made their living from education, or others who because of old age or sickness desire to live in leisure—intensify the Greek way of life in Neapolis; and some of the Romans also, enjoying this mode of life and seeing the multitude of men of the same culture residing here, gladly make it their home and live there.