§4.1.8περὶ δὲ τῶν τοῦ Ῥοδανοῦ στομάτων Πολύβιος μὲν ἐπιτιμᾷ Τιμαίῳ φήσας εἶναι μὴ πεντάστομον ἀλλὰ δίστομον· Ἀρτεμίδωρος δὲ τρίστομον λέγει.
Concerning the mouths of the Rhodanus, Polybius censures Timaeus, saying that it does not have five mouths but two; and Artemidorus says it has three.
Μάριος δὲ ὕστερον ὁρῶν τυφλόστομον γινόμενον ἐκ τῆς προσχώσεως καὶ δυσείσβολον καινὴν ἔτεμε διώρυχα, καὶ ταύτῃ δεξάμενος τὸ πλέον τοῦ ποταμοῦ Μασσαλιώταις ἔδωκεν ἀριστεῖον κατὰ τὸν πρὸς Ἄμβρωνας καὶ Τωυγενοὺς πόλεμον· ἐξ οὗ πλοῦτον ἠνέγκαντο πολύν, τέλη πραττόμενοι τοὺς ἀναπλέοντας καὶ τοὺς καταγομένους·
But Marius, later seeing that it was becoming choked with silt and difficult of entrance, cut a new canal, and having directed the greater part of the river into this, gave it as a reward to the Massaliotes during the war against the Ambrones and Toygeni; from which they derived much wealth, levying tolls on those who sailed up and those who came down.
ὅμως οὖν ἔτι μένει δυσείσπλοα διά τε τὴν λαβρότητα καὶ τὴν πρόσχωσιν καὶ τὴν ταπεινότητα τῆς χώρας, ὥστε μὴ καθορᾶσθαι μηδʼ ἐγγὺς ἐν ταῖς δυσαερίαις.
Nevertheless, the entrance still remains difficult to sail into, because of the impetuosity, the silting up, and the low-lying character of the land, so that it cannot be seen even close at hand in stormy weather.
διόπερ οἱ Μασσαλιῶται πύργους ἀνέστησαν σημεῖα, ἐξοικειούμενοι πάντα τρόπον τὴν χώραν· καὶ δὴ καὶ τῆς Ἐφεσίας Ἀρτέμιδος κἀνταῦθα ἱδρύσαντο ἱερόν, χωρίον ἀπολαβόντες ὃ ποιεῖ νῆσον τὰ στόματα τοῦ ποταμοῦ.
Wherefore the Massaliotes erected towers as signals, making the country their own in every way; and indeed, they also established a temple of the Ephesian Artemis here, having secured a piece of land which the mouths of the river make into an island.
ὑπέρκειται δὲ τῶν ἐκβολῶν τοῦ Ῥοδανοῦ λιμνοθάλαττα, καλοῦσι δὲ στομαλίμνην, ὀστράκια δʼ ἔχει πάμπολλα καὶ ἄλλως εὐοψεῖ.
Above the outlets of the Rhodanus lies a lagoon, which they call Stomalimne; it contains very many shellfish and is otherwise productive of fish.
ταύτην δʼ ἔνιοι συγκατηρίθμησαν τοῖς στόμασι τοῦ Ῥοδανοῦ, καὶ μάλιστα οἱ φήσαντες ἑπτάστομον αὐτόν, οὔτε τοῦτʼ εὖ λέγοντες οὔτʼ ἐκεῖνο· ὄρος γάρ ἐστι μεταξὺ τὸ διεῖργον ἀπὸ τοῦ ποταμοῦ τὴν λίμνην.
Some have counted this among the mouths of the Rhodanus, and especially those who said that the river has seven mouths, speaking correctly neither in this nor in that; for there is a mountain between which separates the lake from the river.
ἡ μὲν οὖν ἀπὸ τῆς Πυρήνης ἐπὶ Μασσαλίαν παραλία τοιαύτη καὶ τοσαύτη τις.
Now, the coastline from the Pyrenees to Massalia is of this character and of this extent.
§4.1.9̔η δʼ ἐπὶ τὸν Ὀυᾶρον ποταμὸν καὶ τοὺς ταύτῃ Δίγυας τάς τε τῶν Μασσαλιωτῶν ἔχει πόλεις Ταυροέντιον καὶ Ὀλβίαν καὶ Ἀντίπολιν καὶ Νίκαιαν καὶ τὸ ναύσταθμον τὸ Καίσαρος τοῦ Σεβαστοῦ, ὃ καλοῦσι Φόρον Ἰούλιον.
On the other hand, the coastline extending to the river Varus and the Ligurians of that region contains the Massaliote cities of Tauroentium, Olbia, Antipolis, and Nicaea, and the naval station of Caesar Augustus, which they call Forum Julium.
ἵδρυται δὲ τοῦτο μεταξὺ τῆς Ὀλβίας καὶ τῆς Ἀντιπόλεως, διέχον Μασσαλίας εἰς ἑξακοσίους σταδίους.
This is established between Olbia and Antipolis, at a distance of about six hundred stadia from Massalia.
ὁ δὲ Ὀυᾶρος μέσος ἐστὶ τῆς Ἀντιπόλεως καὶ Νικαίας, τῆς μὲν ὅσον εἴκοσι τῆς δὲ ἑξήκοντα σταδίους διέχων· ὥσθʼ ἡ Νίκαια τῆς Ἰταλίας γίνεται κατὰ τὸν νῦν ἀποδεδειγμένον ὅρον καίπερ οὖσα Μασσαλιωτῶν·
The Varus is between Antipolis and Nicaea, being about twenty stadia distant from the former and sixty from the latter; so that Nicaea belongs to Italy according to the boundary now defined, although it belongs to the Massaliotes.
ἐπετείχισαν γὰρ τὰ κτίσματα ταῦτα τοῖς ὑπερκειμένοις βαρβάροις οἱ Μασσαλιῶται τήν γε θάλατταν ἐλευθέραν ἔχειν βουλόμενοι, τῆς χώρας ὑπʼ ἐκείνων κρατουμένης· ὀρεινὴ γάρ ἐστι καὶ ἐρυμνή, πρὸς μὲν τῇ Μασσαλίᾳ πλάτος τι μέτριον καταλείπουσα τῶν ἐπιπέδων χωρίων, προϊόντι δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν ἕω παντάπασιν ἀποθλίβουσα πρὸς τὴν θάλατταν καὶ μόλις αὐτὴν πορεύσιμον ἐῶσα τὴν ὁδόν.
For the Massaliotes built these settlements as fortresses against the barbarians who lie above them, wishing to keep at least the sea free, since the country was controlled by them; for it is mountainous and rugged, leaving some moderate width of flat land near Massalia, but as one goes eastward, squeezing it completely towards the sea and scarcely leaving a passable road.
κατέχουσι δὲ τὰ μὲν πρῶτα Σάλυες, τὰ δὲ τελευταῖα πρὸς τὴν Ἰταλίαν συνάπτοντες Λίγυες, περὶ ὧν λεχθήσεται μετὰ ταῦτα.
The first parts are occupied by the Sallyes, and the last, adjoining Italy, by the Ligurians, concerning whom we shall speak hereafter.
νυνὶ δὲ τοσοῦτον προσθετέον ὅτι τῆς μὲν Ἀντιπόλεως ἐν τοῖς τῆς Ναρβωνίτιδος μέρεσι κειμένης, τῆς δὲ Νικαίας ἐν τοῖς τῆς Ἰταλίας, ἡ μὲν Νίκαια ὑπὸ τοῖς Μασσαλιώταις μένει καὶ τῆς ἐπαρχίας ἐστίν, ἡ δʼ Ἀντίπολις τῶν Ἰταλιωτίδων ἐξετάζεται, κριθεῖσα πρὸς τοὺς Μασσαλιώτας καὶ ἐλευθερωθεῖσα τῶν παρʼ ἐκείνων προσταγμάτων.
But for the present, only this much must be added, that while Antipolis is situated in the territory of Narbonitis, and Nicaea in that of Italy, Nicaea remains subject to the Massaliotes and belongs to their province, whereas Antipolis is classed among the Italian cities, having had judgment given in her favor against the Massaliotes and having been freed from their commands.
§4.1.10πρόκεινται δὲ τῶν στενῶν τούτων ἀπὸ Μασσαλίας ἀρξαμένοις αἱ Στοιχάδες νῆσοι, τρεῖς μὲν ἀξιόλογοι δύο δὲ μικραί· γεωργοῦσι δʼ αὐτὰς Μασσαλιῶται.
Lying off these narrow passes, beginning from Massalia, are the Stoichades Islands, three of significant size and two small; and the Massaliotes cultivate them.
τὸ δὲ παλαιὸν καὶ φρουρὰν εἶχον ἱδρυμένην αὐτόθι πρὸς τὰς τῶν λῃστηρίων ἐφόδους, εὐποροῦντες καὶ λιμένων.
In ancient times they also kept a garrison established there against the incursions of pirates, being well supplied also with harbors.
μετὰ δὲ τὰς Στοιχάδας ἡ Πλανασία καὶ Λήρων ἔχουσαι κατοικίας.
After the Stoichades come Planasia and Leron, which have settlements.
ἐν δὲ τῇ Λήρωνι καὶ ἡρῷόν ἐστι τὸ τοῦ Λήρωνος· κεῖται δʼ αὕτη πρὸ τῆς Ἀντιπόλεως.
On Leron there is also a hero-shrine of Leron; and this island lies off Antipolis.
ἄλλα δʼ ἐστὶ νησίδια οὐκ ἄξια μνήμης, τὰ μὲν πρὸ τῆς Μασσαλίας αὐτῆς τὰ δὲ πρὸ τῆς ἄλλης τῆς λεχθείσης ᾐόνος.
There are other small islands not worth mentioning, some off Massalia itself, and others off the rest of the aforementioned coast.
τῶν δὲ λιμένων ὁ μὲν κατὰ τὸν ναύσταθμον ἀξιόλογος καὶ ὁ τῶν Μασσαλιωτῶν, οἱ δʼ ἄλλοι μέτριοι· τούτων δʼ ἐστὶ καὶ ὁ Ὀξύβιος καλούμενος λιμήν, ἐπώνυμος τῶν Ὀξυβίων Λιγύων.
Of the harbors, the one at the naval station is significant, as is that of the Massaliotes, while the others are moderate; among these is also the harbor called Oxybius, named after the Oxybian Ligurians.
περὶ μὲν τῆς παραλίας ταῦτα λέγομεν.
Concerning the coastline, this is what we have to say.