§2.5.27κατὰ μέρος δʼ ἐστὶ πρώτη πασῶν ἀπὸ τῆς ἑσπέρας ἡ Ἰβηρία, βύρσῃ βοείᾳ παραπλησία, τῶν ὡς ἂν τραχηλιμαίων μερῶν ὑπερπιπτόντων εἰς τὴν συνεχῆ Κελτικήν· ταῦτα δʼ ἐστὶ τὰ πρὸς ἕω, καὶ τούτοις ἐναποτέμνεται τὸ πλευρὸν * ὄρος ἡ καλουμένη Πυρήνη.
In detail, Iberia is the first of all from the west, resembling a bull's hide, with its as-it-were neck-like parts overlapping into the continuous Celtica; these are the parts toward the east, and by these the side is cut off by the mountain called Pyrene.
* αὕτη δʼ ἐστὶ περίρρυτος τῇ θαλάττῃ τὸ μὲν νότιον τῇ καθʼ ἡμᾶς μέχρι στηλῶν, τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ τῇ Ἀτλαντικῇ μέχρι τῶν βορείων ἄκρων τῆς Πυρήνης.
Iberia is washed by the sea on all sides, on the south by our sea as far as the Pillars, and on the other sides by the Atlantic as far as the northern summits of the Pyrene.
μῆκος δὲ τῆς χώρας ταύτης ἐστὶ περὶ ἑξακισχιλίους σταδίους τὸ μέγιστον, πλάτος δὲ πεντακισχιλίους.
The length of this country is about six thousand stadia at the maximum, and its width is five thousand.
§2.5.28μετὰ δὲ ταύτην ἐστὶν ἡ Κελτικὴ πρὸς ἕω μέχρι ποταμοῦ Ῥήνου, τὸ μὲν βόρειον πλευρὸν τῷ Βρεττανικῷ κλυζομένη πορθμῷ παντί· ἀντιπαρήκει γὰρ αὐτῇ παράλληλος ἡ νῆσος αὕτη πᾶσα πάσῃ, μῆκος ὅσον πεντακισχιλίους ἐπέχουσα· τὸ δʼ ἑωθινὸν τῷ Ῥήνῳ ποταμῷ περιγραφομένη παράλληλον ἔχοντι τὸ ῥεῦμα τῇ Πυρήνῃ· τὸ δὲ νότιον τὸ μὲν ταῖς Ἄλπεσι τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ Ῥήνου, τὸ δʼ αὐτῇ τῇ καθʼ ἡμᾶς θαλάττῃ, καθʼ ὃ χωρίον ὁ καλούμενος Γαλατικὸς κόλπος ἀναχεῖται, καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ Μασσαλία τε καὶ Νάρβων ἵδρυνται πόλεις ἐπιφανέσταται.
After this is Celtica toward the east as far as the river Rhine, washed on its northern side by the whole British strait; for this island lies opposite and parallel to it, the whole to the whole, extending to a length of about five thousand stadia; and bounded on its eastern side by the river Rhine, which has its course parallel to the Pyrene; and on its southern side, partly by the Alps from the Rhine, and partly by our sea itself, where the so-called Galatic Gulf is poured out, and in it are situated Massalia and Narbo, most famous cities.
ἀντίκειται δὲ τῷ κόλπῳ τούτῳ κατʼ ἀποστροφὴν ἕτερος κόλπος ὁμωνύμως αὐτῷ καλούμενος Γαλατικός, βλέπων πρὸς τὰς ἄρκτους καὶ τὴν Βρεττανικήν· ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ στενώτατον λαμβάνει τὸ πλάτος ἡ Κελτική· συνάγεται γὰρ εἰς ἰσθμὸν ἐλαττόνων μὲν ἢ τρισχιλίων σταδίων, πλειόνων δʼ ἢ δισχιλίων.
Opposite to this gulf, in reverse, lies another gulf likewise called Galatic, looking toward the north and Britain; and here Celtica takes its narrowest width, for it is contracted into an isthmus of less than three thousand stadia, but more than two thousand.
μεταξὺ δέ ἐστι ῥάχις ὀρεινὴ πρὸς ὀρθὰς τῇ Πυρήνῃ, τὸ καλούμενον Κέμμενον ὄρος· τελευτᾷ δὲ τοῦτο εἰς μεσαίτατα τὰ Κελτῶν πεδία.
In the middle is a mountain ridge at right angles to the Pyrene, the so-called Cemmenus Mountain; and this terminates in the very center of the plains of the Celts.
τῶν δὲ Ἄλπεων, ἅ ἐστιν ὄρη σφόδρα ὑψηλὰ ποιοῦντα περιφερῆ γραμμήν, τὸ μὲν κυρτὸν ἔστραπται πρὸς τὰ λεχθέντα τῶν Κελτῶν πεδία καὶ τὸ Κέμμενον ὄρος, τὸ δὲ κοῖλον πρὸς τὴν Λιγυστικὴν καὶ τὴν Ἰταλίαν.
Of the Alps, which are very high mountains forming a curved line, the convex part is turned toward the said plains of the Celts and the Cemmenus Mountain, and the concave part toward Liguria and Italy.
ἔθνη δὲ κατέχει πολλὰ τὸ ὄρος τοῦτο Κελτικὰ πλὴν τῶν Λιγύων· οὗτοι δʼ ἑτεροεθνεῖς μέν εἰσι, παραπλήσιοι δὲ τοῖς βίοις· νέμονται δὲ μέρος τῶν Ἄλπεων τὸ συνάπτον τοῖς Ἀπεννίνοις ὄρεσι, μέρος δὲ καὶ τῶν Ἀπεννίνων ὀρῶν κατέχουσι.
This mountain is occupied by many Celtic nations, except for the Ligurians; these latter are of a different race, but similar in their lives; they occupy a part of the Alps that joins the Apennine mountains, and also possess a part of the Apennine mountains.
ταῦτα δʼ ἐστὶν ὀρεινὴ ῥάχις διὰ τοῦ μήκους ὅλου τῆς Ἰταλίας διαπεφυκυῖα ἀπὸ τῶν ἄρκτων ἐπὶ μεσημβρίαν, τελευτῶσα δʼ ἐπὶ τὸν Σικελικὸν πορθμόν.
These are a mountain ridge extending through the entire length of Italy from north to south, terminating at the Sicilian strait.
§2.5.29τῆς δʼ Ἰταλίας ἐστὶ τὰ μὲν πρῶτα μέρη τὰ ὑποπίπτοντα ταῖς Ἄλπεσι πεδία μέχρι τοῦ μυχοῦ τοῦ Ἀδρίου καὶ τῶν πλησίον τόπων, τὰ δʼ ἑξῆς ἄκρα στενὴ καὶ μακρὰ χερρονησιάζουσα, διʼ ἧς, ὡς εἶπον, ἐπὶ μῆκος τέταται τὸ Ἀπέννινον ὄρος ὅσον ἑπτακισχιλίων, πλάτος δʼ ἀνώμαλον.
Of Italy, the first parts are the plains lying under the Alps as far as the innermost part of the Adriatic and the neighboring places, and the next parts are a narrow and long peninsula, through which, as I said, the Apennine mountain extends for a length of about seven thousand stadia, with unequal width.
ποιεῖ δὲ τὴν Ἰταλίαν χερρόνησον τό τε Τυρρηνικὸν πέλαγος ἀρξάμενον ἀπὸ τοῦ Λιγυστικοῦ καὶ τὸ Αὐσόνιον καὶ ὁ Ἀδρίας.
The Tyrrhenian Sea, starting from the Ligurian, and the Ausonian and the Adriatic make Italy a peninsula.
§2.5.30μετὰ δὲ τὴν Ἰταλίαν καὶ τὴν Κελτικὴν τὰ πρὸς ἕω λοιπά ἐστι τῆς Εὐρώπης, ἃ δίχα τέμνεται τῷ Ἴστρῳ ποταμῷ.
After Italy and Celtica are the remaining parts of Europe toward the east, which are cut in two by the river Ister.
φέρεται δʼ οὗτος ἀπὸ τῆς ἑσπέρας ἐπὶ τὴν ἕω καὶ τὸν Εὔξεινον πόντον ἐν ἀριστερᾷ λιπὼν τήν τε Γερμανίαν ὅλην ἀρξαμένην ἀπὸ τοῦ Ῥήνου καὶ τὸ Γετικὸν πᾶν καὶ τὸ τῶν Τυρεγετῶν καὶ Βασταρνῶν καὶ Σαυροματῶν μέχρι Τανάιδος ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς Μαιώτιδος λίμνης, ἐν δεξιᾷ δὲ τήν τε Θρᾴκην ἅπασαν καὶ τὴν Ἰλλυρίδα, λοιπὴν δὲ καὶ τελευταίαν τὴν Ἑλλάδα.
This flows from the west toward the east and the Euxine Pontus, leaving on the left the whole of Germany starting from the Rhine, and the whole Getic land, and that of the Tyregetae, Bastarnae, and Sauromatae as far as the river Tanais and Lake Maeotis, and on the right the whole of Thrace and Illyris, and the remaining and last part, Greece.
πρόκεινται δὲ νῆσοι τῆς Εὐρώπης ἃς ἔφαμεν, ἔξω μὲν στηλῶν Γάδειρά τε καὶ Καττιτερίδες καὶ Βρεττανικαί, ἐντὸς δὲ στηλῶν αἵ τε Γυμνήσιαι καὶ ἄλλα νησίδια Φοινίκων καὶ τὰ τῶν Μασσαλιωτῶν καὶ Λιγύων καὶ αἱ πρὸ τῆς Ἰταλίας μέχρι τῶν Αἰόλου νήσων καὶ τῆς Σικελίας, ὅσαι τε περὶ τὴν Ἠπειρῶτιν καὶ Ἑλλάδα καὶ μέχρι Μακεδονίας καὶ τῆς Θρᾳκίας χερρονήσου.
The islands of Europe lie in front, which we mentioned, outside the Pillars Gadeira, the Cassiterides, and the British islands, and inside the Pillars the Gymnesiae and other small islands of the Phoenicians, and those of the Massaliotes and Ligurians, and those in front of Italy as far as the islands of Aeolus and Sicily, and all those around Epirus and Greece as far as Macedonia and the Thracian Chersonese.