§17.3.14καὶ Καρχηδὼν δὲ ἐπὶ χερρονήσου τινὸς ἵδρυται, περιγραφούσης κύκλον τριακοσίων ἑξήκοντα σταδίων ἔχοντα τεῖχος, οὗ τὸ ἑξηκονταστάδιον μῆκος αὐτὸς ὁ αὐχὴν ἐπέχει, καθῆκον ἀπὸ θαλάττης ἐπὶ θάλατταν, ὅπου τοῖς Καρχηδονίοις ἦσαν αἱ τῶν ἐλεφάντων στάσεις, τόπος εὐρυχωρής.
And Carthage is situated on a certain peninsula, which demarcates a circle of three hundred and sixty stadia containing a wall, of which the isthmus itself occupies sixty stadia in length, reaching from sea to sea, where there were the stations for the elephants of the Carthaginians, a spacious place.
κατὰ μέσην δὲ τὴν πόλιν ἡ ἀκρόπολις ἣν ἐκάλουν Βύρσαν, ὀφρὺς ἱκανῶς ὀρθία, κύκλῳ περιοικουμένη, κατὰ δὲ τὴν κορυφὴν ἔχουσα Ἀσκληπιεῖον, ὅπερ κατὰ τὴν ἅλωσιν ἡ γυνὴ τοῦ Ἀσδρούβα συνέπρησεν αὑτῇ.
And in the middle of the city is the acropolis, which they called Byrsa, a sufficiently steep brow, inhabited all around, and having at its summit the temple of Asclepius, which at the time of the capture the wife of Hasdrubal burned down along with herself.
ὑπόκεινται δὲ τῇ ἀκροπόλει οἵ τε λιμένες καὶ ὁ Κώθων, νησίον περιφερὲς εὐρίπῳ περιεχόμενον, ἔχοντι νεωσοίκους ἑκατέρωθεν κύκλῳ.
Below the acropolis lie the harbors and the Kothon, a circular island surrounded by a canal, which has ship-sheds on both sides all around.
§17.3.15κτίσμα δʼ ἐστὶ Διδοῦς ἀγαγούσης ἐκ Τύρου λαόν· οὕτω δʼ εὐτυχὴς ἡ ἀποικία τοῖς Φοίνιξιν ὑπῆρξε καὶ αὕτη καὶ ἡ μέχρι τῆς Ἰβηρίας τῆς τε ἄλλης καὶ τῆς ἔξω στηλῶν ὥστε τῆς Εὐρώπης ἔτι νῦν τὴν ἀρίστην νέμονται Φοίνικες κατὰ τὴν ἤπειρον καὶ τὰς προσεχεῖς νήσους, τήν τε Λιβύην κατεκτήσαντο πᾶσαν, ὅσον μὴ νομαδικῶς οἷόν τʼ ἦν οἰκεῖν.
And it is the foundation of Dido, who brought a people from Tyre; and this colony was so fortunate for the Phoenicians, both this one and the one extending as far as Iberia, both the rest of it and that outside the Pillars, that even now the Phoenicians occupy the best part of Europe on the continent and the adjacent islands, and they conquered all of Libya, as much of it as was not of a nature to be inhabited nomadically.
ἀφʼ ἧς δυνάμεως πόλιν τε ἀντίπαλον τῇ Ῥώμῃ κατεσκευάσαντο καὶ τρεῖς ἐπολέμησαν μεγάλους πρὸς αὐτοὺς πολέμους.
From which power they established a city rivaling Rome and fought three great wars against them.
γένοιτο δʼ ἂν εὔδηλος ἡ δύναμις αὐτῶν ἐκ τοῦ ὑστάτου πολέμου, ἐν ᾧ κατελύθησαν ὑπὸ Σκιπίωνος τοῦ Αἰμιλιανοῦ, καὶ ἡ πόλις ἄρδην ἠφανίσθη.
And their power would be clear from the last war, in which they were destroyed by Scipio Aemilianus, and the city was utterly wiped out.
ὅτε γὰρ ἤρξαντο πολεμεῖν τοῦτον τὸν πόλεμον, πόλεις μὲν εἶχον τριακοσίας ἐν τῇ Λιβύῃ, ἀνθρώπων δʼ ἐν τῇ πόλει μυριάδας ἑβδομήκοντα· πολιορκούμενοι δὲ καὶ ἀναγκασθέντες τραπέσθαι πρὸς ἔνδοσιν πανοπλιῶν μὲν ἔδοσαν μυριάδας εἴκοσι καταπελτικὰ δὲ ὄργανα τρισχίλια, ὡς οὐ πολεμηθησόμενοι.
For when they began to fight this war, they had three hundred cities in Libya, and seven hundred thousand people in the city; but when they were besieged and forced to turn to surrender, they gave up twenty thousand suits of armor and three thousand catapult engines, as if they were not going to be fought against.
κριθέντος δὲ πάλιν τοῦ ἀναπολεμεῖν, ἐξαίφνης ὁπλοποιίαν συνεστήσαντο, καὶ ἑκάστης ἡμέρας ἀνεφέροντο θυρεοὶ μὲν ἑκατὸν καὶ τετταράκοντα πεπηγότες, μάχαιραι δὲ τριακόσιαι καὶ λόγχαι πεντακόσιαι, χίλια δὲ βέλη καταπελτικά, τρίχα δὲ τοῖς καταπέλταις αἱ θεράπαιναι παρεῖχον· ἔτι τοίνυν ναῦς ἔχοντες δώδεκα ἐξ ἐτῶν πεντήκοντα κατὰ τὰς ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ πολέμῳ συνθήκας, τότε καίπερ ἤδη συμπεφευγότες εἰς τὴν Βύρσαν ἐν διμήνῳ κατεσκευάσαντο ναῦς ἑκατὸν εἴκοσι καταφράκτους, καὶ τοῦ στόματος τοῦ Κώθωνος φρουρουμένου διώρυξαν ἄλλο στόμα, καὶ προῆλθεν αἰφνιδίως ὁ στόλος· ὕλη γὰρ ἦν ἀποκειμένη παλαιὰ καὶ τεχνιτῶν πλῆθος προσεδρεῦον καὶ σιταρχούμενον δημοσίᾳ.
But when it was decided again to renew the war, they suddenly set up arms-making, and each day there were brought up one hundred and forty finished shields, three hundred swords, and five hundred spears, and a thousand catapult missiles, and the female servants provided hair for the catapults; furthermore, although they had only twelve ships for fifty years according to the treaty in the second war, at that time, although they had already fled for refuge to the Byrsa, within two months they built one hundred and twenty decked ships, and since the mouth of the Kothon was guarded, they dug another mouth, and the fleet suddenly came forth; for there was timber stored up of old and a multitude of artisans constantly employed and provisioned at public expense.
τοιαύτη δʼ οὖσα Καρχηδὼν ὅμως ἑάλω καὶ κατεσκάφη.
Such though Carthage was, it was nevertheless captured and razed.
τὴν δὲ χώραν τὴν μὲν ἐπαρχίαν ἀπέδειξαν Ῥωμαῖοι τὴν ὑπὸ τοῖς Καρχηδονίοις, τῆς δὲ Μασανάσσην ἀπέδειξαν κύριον καὶ τοὺς ἀπογόνους τοὺς περὶ Μικίψαν.
And as for the country, the Romans declared the part under the Carthaginians to be a province, and of the rest they declared Masanasses and his descendants around Micipsas to be lords.
μάλιστα γὰρ ἐσπουδάσθη παρὰ τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις ὁ Μασανάσσης διʼ ἀρετὴν καὶ φιλίαν· καὶ γὰρ δὴ καὶ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τοὺς νομάδας πολιτικοὺς κατασκευάσας καὶ γεωργούς, ἔτι δʼ ἀντὶ τοῦ λῃστεύειν διδάξας στρατεύειν.
For Masanasses was highly esteemed among the Romans on account of his virtue and friendship; for indeed he was the one who made the nomads citizens and farmers, and furthermore taught them to serve in the army instead of plundering.
ἴδιον γάρ τι τοῖς ἀνθρώποις συνέβη τούτοις· χώραν γὰρ οἰκοῦντες εὐδαίμονα πλὴν τοῦ θηρίοις πλεονάζειν, ἐάσαντες ἐκφέρειν ταῦτα καὶ τὴν γῆν ἐργάζεσθαι μετὰ ἀδείας ἐπʼ ἀλλήλοις ἐτρέποντο, τὴν δὲ γῆν τοῖς θηρίοις ἀφεῖσαν.
For a certain peculiar thing happened to these people: though they inhabited a fertile country except for its abounding in wild beasts, neglecting to drive these out and to till the land in safety, they turned against one another, and abandoned the land to the wild beasts.
οὕτω δʼ αὐτοῖς συνέβαινε πλάνητα καὶ μετανάστην βίον ζῆν μηδὲν ἧττον τῶν ὑπὸ ἀπορίας καὶ λυπρότητος τόπων ἢ ἀέρων εἰς τοῦτο περιισταμένων τῶν βίων, ὥστε καὶ ἴδιον τοῦθʼ εὑρίσκεσθαι τοὔνομα τοὺς Μασαισυλίους· καλοῦνται γὰρ Νομάδες.
Thus it happened to them to live a wandering and migratory life, no less than those whose lives are reduced to this by the poverty and ruggedness of their regions or climates, so that this very name was found appropriate for the Masaesylians; for they are called Nomads.
ἀνάγκη δὲ τοὺς τοιούτους εὐτελεῖς εἶναι τοῖς βίοις καὶ τὸ πλέον ῥιζοφάγους ἢ κρεοφάγους, γάλακτι δὲ καὶ τυρῷ τρεφομένους.
And such people must of necessity be simple in their lives, and eaters of roots more than of meat, being nourished on milk and cheese.
ἠρημωμένης δʼ οὖν ἐπὶ πολὺν χρόνον τῆς Καρχηδόνος, καὶ σχεδόν τι τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον ὅνπερ καὶ Κόρινθος, ἀνελήφθη πάλιν περὶ τοὺς αὐτούς πως χρόνους ὑπὸ Καίσαρος τοῦ θεοῦ πέμψαντος ἐποίκους Ῥωμαίων τοὺς προαιρουμένους καὶ τῶν στρατιωτῶν τινας, καὶ νῦν εἴ τις ἄλλη καλῶς οἰκεῖται τῶν ἐν Λιβύῃ πόλεων.
Now Carthage, after having been desolate for a long time, and indeed for nearly the same time as Corinth, was restored again about the same time by the deified Caesar, who sent Roman colonists who chose to go and some of the soldiers, and now it is inhabited as well as any other city in Libya.