§17.1.7̔η δʼ εὐκαιρία πολύτροπος· ἀμφίκλυστόν τε γάρ ἐστι τὸ χωρίον δυσὶ πελάγεσι, τῷ μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν ἄρκτων τῷ Αἰγυπτίῳ λεγομένῳ τῷ δʼ ἀπὸ μεσημβρίας τῷ τῆς λίμνης τῆς Μαρείας ἣ καὶ Μαρεῶτις λέγεται·
The advantages of the site are manifold; for the place is washed on both sides by two waters: on the north by the so-called Egyptian Sea, and on the south by the lake Marea, which is also called Mareotis.
πληροῖ δὲ ταύτην πολλαῖς διώρυξιν ὁ Νεῖλος ἄνωθέν τε καὶ ἐκ πλαγίων, διʼ ὧν τὰ εἰσκομιζόμενα πολλῷ πλείω τῶν ἀπὸ θαλάττης ἐστὶν ὥσθʼ ὁ λιμὴν ὁ λιμναῖος ὑπῆρχε πλουσιώτερος τοῦ θαλαττίου· ταύτῃ δὲ καὶ τὰ ἐκκομιζόμενα ἐξ Ἀλεξανδρείας πλείω τῶν εἰσκομιζομένων ἐστί·
This lake is filled by the Nile through many canals, both from above and from the sides, through which the goods brought in are far more numerous than those from the sea, so that the lake-harbor was richer than the sea-harbor; and in this way the exports from Alexandria are also more numerous than the imports.
γνοίη δʼ ἄν τις ἔν τε τῇ Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ καὶ τῇ Δικαιαρχείᾳ γενόμενος, ὁρῶν τὰς ὁλκάδας ἔν τε τῷ κατάπλῳ καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἀναγωγαῖς ὅσον βαρύτεραί τε καὶ κουφότεραι δεῦρο κἀκεῖσε πλέοιεν.
Anyone might know this if he went to both Alexandria and Dicaearchia, and saw the merchant vessels both in their inward and outward voyages, and how much heavier or lighter they sailed hither and thither.
πρὸς δὲ τῷ πλούτῳ τῶν καταγομένων ἑκατέρωσε εἴς τε τὸν κατὰ θάλατταν λιμένα καὶ εἰς τὸν λιμναῖον καὶ τὸ εὐάερον ἄξιον σημειώσεώς ἐστιν, ὃ καὶ αὐτὸ συμβαίνει διὰ τὸ ἀμφίκλυστον καὶ τὸ εὔκαιρον τῆς ἀναβάσεως τοῦ Νείλου.
Moreover, in addition to the wealth of the goods brought to port on either side, both into the sea-harbor and into the lake-harbor, the excellence of the air is also worthy of note, which itself also results from the fact that the site is washed on both sides and from the timely rise of the Nile.
αἱ μὲν γὰρ ἄλλαι πόλεις αἱ ἐπὶ λιμνῶν ἱδρυμέναι βαρεῖς καὶ πνιγώδεις ἔχουσι τοὺς ἀέρας ἐν τοῖς καύμασι τοῦ θέρους· ἐπὶ γὰρ τοῖς χείλεσιν αἱ λίμναι τελματοῦνται διὰ τὴν ἐκ τῶν ἡλίων ἀναθυμίασιν· βορβορώδους οὖν ἀναφερομένης τοσαύτης ἰκμάδος, νοσώδης ὁ ἀὴρ ἕλκεται καὶ λοιμικῶν κατάρχει παθῶν.
For other cities built on lakes have heavy and stifling air in the heat of summer; for at their edges the lakes become marshy because of the evaporation caused by the sun; when so much muddy moisture rises, the air inhaled is unhealthy and breeds pestilential diseases.
ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ δὲ τοῦ θέρους ἀρχομένου πληρούμενος ὁ Νεῖλος πληροῖ καὶ τὴν λίμνην καὶ οὐδὲν ἐᾷ τελματῶδες τὸ τὴν ἀναφορὰν ποιῆσον μοχθηράν· τότε δὲ καὶ οἱ ἐτησίαι πνέουσιν ἐκ τῶν βορείων καὶ τοῦ τοσούτου πελάγους, ὥστε κάλλιστα τοῦ θέρους Ἀλεξανδρεῖς διάγουσιν.
But at Alexandria, at the beginning of summer, the Nile being full fills the lake also, and leaves no marshy part to make the evaporation noxious; and at that time the Etesian winds also blow from the north and from so great a sea, so that the Alexandrians pass their summer most pleasantly.
§17.1.8ἔστι δὲ χλαμυδοειδὲς τὸ σχῆμα τοῦ ἐδάφους τῆς πόλεως, οὗ τὰ μὲν ἐπὶ μῆκος πλευρά ἐστι τὰ ἀμφίκλυστα ὅσον τριάκοντα σταδίων ἔχοντα διάμετρον, τὰ δὲ ἐπὶ πλάτος οἱ ἰσθμοί, ἑπτὰ ἢ ὀκτὼ σταδίων ἑκάτερος, σφιγγόμενος τῇ μὲν ὑπὸ θαλάττης τῇ δʼ ὑπὸ τῆς λίμνης.
The shape of the site of the city is like a chlamys; its long sides are those washed by the waters, having a length of about thirty stadia, and its short sides are the isthmuses, each of seven or eight stadia, squeezed on one side by the sea and on the other by the lake.
ἅπασα μὲν οὖν ὁδοῖς κατατέτμηται ἱππηλάτοις καὶ ἁρματηλάτοις, δυσὶ δὲ πλατυτάταις ἐπὶ πλέον ἢ πλέθρον ἀναπεπταμέναις, αἳ δὴ δίχα καὶ πρὸς ὀρθὰς τέμνουσιν ἀλλήλας.
The whole city is intersected by streets suitable for horses and carriages, and by two very wide ones, opened to a width of more than a plethron, which indeed cut one another in two and at right angles.
ἔχει δʼ ἡ πόλις τεμένη τε κοινὰ κάλλιστα καὶ τὰ βασίλεια, τέταρτον ἢ καὶ τρίτον τοῦ παντὸς περιβόλου μέρος· τῶν γὰρ βασιλέων ἕκαστος ὥσπερ τοῖς κοινοῖς ἀναθήμασι προσεφιλοκάλει τινὰ κόσμον, οὕτω καὶ οἴκησιν ἰδίᾳ περιεβάλλετο πρὸς ταῖς ὑπαρχούσαις, ὥστε νῦν τὸ τοῦ ποιητοῦ ἐξ ἑτέρων ἕτερʼ ἐστίν· ἅπαντα μέντοι συναφῆ καὶ ἀλλήλοις καὶ τῷ λιμένι καὶ ὅσα ἔξω αὐτοῦ.
The city contains very beautiful public precincts and also the royal palaces, which form a fourth or even a third part of the whole enclosure; for just as each of the kings, out of love for splendor, was wont to add some adornment to the public dedications, so he would also surround himself with a private residence in addition to those already existing, so that now, in the words of the poet, there is "one thing upon another." All of them, however, are connected both with one another and with the harbor, and even with what lies outside it.
τῶν δὲ βασιλείων μέρος ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ Μουσεῖον, ἔχον περίπατον καὶ ἐξέδραν καὶ οἶκον μέγαν ἐν ᾧ τὸ συσσίτιον τῶν μετεχόντων τοῦ Μουσείου φιλολόγων ἀνδρῶν.
A part of the royal palaces is also the Mouseion, which has a walk, an exedra, and a large house in which is the common mess-hall of the men of learning who share in the Mouseion.
ἔστι δὲ τῇ συνόδῳ ταύτῃ καὶ χρήματα κοινὰ καὶ ἱερεὺς ὁ ἐπὶ τῷ Μουσείῳ τεταγμένος τότε μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν βασιλέων νῦν δʼ ὑπὸ Καίσαρος.
This community has also common property, and a priest who is appointed over the Mouseion, formerly by the kings, but now by Caesar.
μέρος δὲ τῶν βασιλείων ἐστὶ καὶ τὸ καλούμενον Σῆμα, ὃ περίβολος ἦν ἐν ᾧ αἱ τῶν βασιλέων ταφαὶ καὶ ἡ Ἀλεξάνδρου· ἔφθη γὰρ τὸ σῶμα ἀφελόμενος Περδίκκαν ὁ τοῦ Λάγου Πτολεμαῖος κατακομίζοντα ἐκ τῆς Βαβυλῶνος καὶ ἐκτρεπόμενον ταύτῃ κατὰ πλεονεξίαν καὶ ἐξιδιασμὸν τῆς Αἰγύπτου·
Another part of the royal palaces is the so-called Sema, which was an enclosure containing the tombs of the kings and that of Alexander; for Ptolemy, the son of Lagus, anticipated Perdiccas by taking away the body.
καὶ δὴ καὶ ἀπώλετο διαφθαρεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν στρατιωτῶν, ἐπελθόντος τοῦ Πτολεμαίου καὶ κατακλείσαντος αὐτὸν ἐν νήσῳ ἐρήμῃ· ἐκεῖνος μὲν οὖν ἀπέθανεν ἐμπεριπαρεὶς ταῖς σαρίσσαις ἐπελθόντων ἐπʼ αὐτὸν τῶν στρατιωτῶν· σὺν αὐτῷ δὲ καὶ οἱ βασιλεῖς Ἀριδαῖός τε καὶ τὰ παιδία τὰ Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ ἡ γυνὴ Ῥωξάνη ἀπῆραν εἰς Μακεδονίαν· τὸ δὲ σῶμα τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου κομίσας ὁ Πτολεμαῖος ἐκήδευσεν ἐν τῇ Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ ὅπου νῦν ἔτι κεῖται, οὐ μὴν ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ πυέλῳ· ὑαλίνη γὰρ αὕτη, ἐκεῖνος δʼ ἐν χρυσῇ κατέθηκεν· ἐσύλησε δʼ αὐτὴν ὁ Κόκκης καὶ Παρείσακτος ἐπικληθεὶς Πτολεμαῖος, ἐκ τῆς Συρίας ἐπελθὼν καὶ ἐκπεσὼν εὐθύς, ὥστʼ ἀνόνητα αὐτῷ τὰ σῦλα γενέσθαι.
Perdiccas was bringing it down from Babylon and turning aside towards this country out of greed and a design to make Egypt his own; and indeed he was ruined, being destroyed by his soldiers when Ptolemy invaded and shut him up in a desert island; he therefore died, impaled on the sarissas when the soldiers fell upon him; and with him Aridaeus the king, and the children of Alexander, and his wife Roxana departed for Macedonia; but Ptolemy brought the body of Alexander and buried it in Alexandria, where it still lies, though indeed not in the same sarcophagus; for the present one is of glass, whereas Ptolemy had laid it in a golden one; but this was plundered by Ptolemy surnamed Cocces and Pareisactus, who invaded from Syria and was immediately expelled, so that his plunder was of no benefit to him.