§17.1.23̔υπὲρ δὲ Μωμέμφεώς εἰσι δύο νιτρίαι πλεῖστον νίτρον ἔχουσαι καὶ νομὸς Νιτριώτης.
Above Momemphis are two nitre-mines containing a very large amount of nitre, and the Nitriote nome.
τιμᾶται δʼ ἐνταῦθα ὁ Σάραπις καὶ παρὰ μόνοις τούτοις θύεται ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ πρόβατον·
Sarapis is worshiped there, and among them alone in Egypt is a sheep sacrificed.
πλησίον δὲ καὶ ἐνταῦθα πόλις Μενέλαος, ἐν ἀριστερᾷ δὲ ἐν τῷ Δέλτα ἐπὶ μὲν τῷ ποταμῷ Ναύκρατις, ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ ποταμοῦ δίσχοινον διέχουσα ἡ Σάις καὶ μικρὸν ταύτης ὕπερθε τὸ τοῦ Ὀσίριδος ἄσυλον, ἐν ᾧ κεῖσθαι τὸν Ὄσιρίν φασιν.
Near here is also a city of Menelaus; and on the left in the Delta, on the river, is Naucratis, while Sais lies at a distance of two schoeni from the river, and slightly above Sais is the asylum of Osiris, in which they say Osiris lies buried.
ἀμφισβητοῦσι δὲ τούτου πολλοί, καὶ μάλιστα οἱ τὰς Φιλὰς οἰκοῦντες τὰς ὑπὲρ Συήνης καὶ τῆς Ἐλεφαντίνης.
But many dispute this, and especially those who inhabit Philae above Syene and Elephantine.
μυθεύουσι γὰρ δὴ διότι ἡ Ἶσις κατὰ πολλοὺς τόπους κατὰ γῆς θείη σοροὺς τοῦ Ὀσίριδος (μία δὲ τούτων ἦν ἔχουσα τὸν Ὄσιριν ἀφανὴς πᾶσι), τοῦτο δὲ πράξειε λαθεῖν βουλομένη τὸν Τυφῶνα, μὴ ἐπελθὼν ἐκρίψειε τὸ σῶμα τῆς θήκης.
For they tell a myth that Isis placed tombs of Osiris in many places in the earth (only one of these actually contained Osiris, being invisible to all), and that she did this wishing to escape the notice of Typhon, lest he should come and cast the body out of the tomb.
§17.1.24Ἀπὸ μὲν δὴ τῆς Ἀλεξανδρείας ἐπὶ τὴν τοῦ Δέλτα κορυφὴν αὕτη ἡ περιήγησις.
This is the description from Alexandria to the vertex of the Delta.
φησὶ δʼ ὁ Ἀρτεμίδωρος σχοίνων ὀκτὼ καὶ εἴκοσι τὸν ἀνάπλουν, τοῦτο δʼ εἶναι σταδίους ὀκτακοσίους τετταράκοντα, λογιζόμενος τριακονταστάδιον τὴν σχοῖνον· ἡμῖν μέντοι πλέουσιν ἄλλοτʼ ἄλλῳ μέτρῳ χρώμενοι τῶν σχοίνων ἀπεδίδοσαν τὰ διαστήματα, ὥστε καὶ τετταρακοντασταδίους καὶ ἔτι μείζους κατὰ τόπους ὁμολογεῖσθαι παρʼ αὐτῶν.
Artemidorus says that the voyage up is twenty-eight schoeni, and that this is eight hundred and forty stadia, calculating the schoenus at thirty stadia; however, when we were sailing, they gave us the distances using different measures for the schoenus at different times, so that distances of forty stadia and even larger were agreed upon by them in some places.
καὶ διότι παρὰ τοῖς Αἰγυπτίοις ἄστατόν ἐστι τὸ τῆς σχοίνου μέτρον, αὐτὸς ὁ Ἀρτεμίδωρος ἐν τοῖς ἑξῆς δηλοῖ.
And Artemidorus himself in the following passages shows that the measure of the schoenus is variable among the Egyptians.
ἀπὸ μὲν γὰρ Μέμφεως μέχρι Θηβαΐδος τὴν σχοῖνον ἑκάστην φησὶν εἶναι σταδίων ἑκατὸν εἴκοσιν, ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς Θηβαΐδος μέχρι Συήνης ἑξήκοντα, ἀπὸ δὲ Πηλουσίου πρὸς τὴν αὐτὴν ἀναπλέουσι κορυφὴν σχοίνους μὲν πέντε καὶ εἴκοσί φησι σταδίους δὲ ἑπτακοσίους πεντήκοντα, τῷ αὐτῷ μέτρῳ χρησάμενος.
For he says that from Memphis to the Thebaid each schoenus is one hundred and twenty stadia, and from the Thebaid to Syene sixty, and for those sailing up from Pelusium to the same vertex he says it is twenty-five schoeni, or seven hundred and fifty stadia, using the same measure.
πρώτην δʼ ἐκ τοῦ Πηλουσίου προελθοῦσιν εἶναι διώρυγα τὴν πληροῦσαν τὰς κατὰ τὰ ἕλη καλουμένας λίμνας, αἳ δύο μέν εἰσιν, ἐν ἀριστερᾷ δὲ κεῖνται τοῦ μεγάλου ποταμοῦ ὑπὲρ τὸ Πηλούσιον ἐν τῇ Ἀραβίᾳ· καὶ ἄλλας δὲ λέγει λίμνας καὶ διώρυγας ἐν τοῖς αὐτοῖς μέρεσιν ἔξω τοῦ Δέλτα.
And he says that the first canal for those advancing from Pelusium is the one which fills the lakes called those by the marshes, which are two in number and lie to the left of the great river above Pelusium in Arabia; and he speaks of other lakes and canals in the same parts outside the Delta.
ἔστι δὲ καὶ νομὸς Σεθρωίτης παρὰ τὴν ἑτέραν λίμνην· ἕνα δὲ τῶν δέκα τῶν ἐν τῷ Δέλτα διαριθμεῖται καὶ τοῦτον· εἰς δὲ τὰς αὐτὰς λίμνας συμβάλλουσι καὶ ἄλλαι δύο διώρυγες.
There is also the Sethroite nome by the other lake; and he numbers this too as one of the ten nomes in the Delta; and two other canals also join the same lakes.
§17.1.25ἄλλη δʼ ἐστὶν ἐκδιδοῦσα εἰς τὴν Ἐρυθρὰν καὶ τὸν Ἀράβιον κόλπον κατὰ πόλιν Ἀρσινόην ἣν ἔνιοι Κλεοπατρίδα καλοῦσι.
And there is another canal which empties into the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf near the city of Arsinoe, which some call Cleopatris.
διαρρεῖ δὲ καὶ διὰ τῶν πικρῶν καλουμένων λιμνῶν, αἳ πρότερον μὲν ἦσαν πικραί, τμηθείσης δὲ τῆς διώρυγος τῆς λεχθείσης μετεβάλοντο τῇ κράσει τοῦ ποταμοῦ, καὶ νῦν εἰσιν εὔοψοι, μεσταὶ δὲ καὶ τῶν λιμναίων ὀρνέων.
It flows also through the so-called Bitter Lakes, which formerly were bitter, but when the aforementioned canal was cut, they were changed by the mixture of the river water, and now they are rich in fish and full of lake birds.
ἐτμήθη δὲ ἡ διῶρυξ κατʼ ἀρχὰς μὲν ὑπὸ Σεσώστριος πρὸ τῶν Τρωικῶν, οἱ δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ Ψαμμιτίχου παιδός, ἀρξαμένου μόνον, εἶτʼ ἐκλιπόντος τὸν βίον, ὕστερον δὲ ὑπὸ Δαρείου τοῦ πρώτου, διαδεξαμένου τὸ ἑξῆς ἔργον.
The canal was cut at first by Sesostris before the Trojan War, or, as some say, by the son of Psammitichus, who only began it and then died, and later by Darius the First, who succeeded to the work next.
καὶ οὗτος δὲ δόξῃ ψευδεῖ πεισθεὶς ἀφῆκε τὸ ἔργον περὶ συντέλειαν ἤδη· ἐπείσθη γὰρ μετεωροτέραν εἶναι τὴν Ἐρυθρὰν θάλατταν τῆς Αἰγύπτου καὶ εἰ διακοπείη πᾶς ὁ μεταξὺ ἰσθμός, ἐπικλυσθήσεσθαι τῇ θαλάττῃ τὴν Αἴγυπτον·
He too, however, persuaded by a false opinion, abandoned the work when it was already near completion; for he was persuaded that the Red Sea was higher than Egypt, and that if the whole intervening isthmus were cut through, Egypt would be inundated by the sea.
οἱ μέντοι Πτολεμαϊκοὶ βασιλεῖς διακόψαντες κλειστὸν ἐποίησαν τὸν εὔριπον ὥστε ὅτε βούλοιντο ἐκπλεῖν ἀκωλύτως εἰς τὴν ἔξω θάλατταν καὶ εἰσπλεῖν πάλιν.
The Ptolemaic kings, however, cut through it and made the strait closed, so that when they wished they could sail out without hindrance into the outer sea and sail in again.
εἴρηται δὲ καὶ περὶ τῆς τῶν ὑδάτων ἐπιφανείας καὶ ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις ὑπομνήμασι.
And the question of the surface level of the waters has also been discussed in the first books of these commentaries.