§17.1.19Ἐν δὲ τῇ μεσογείῳ τῇ ὑπὲρ τοῦ Σεβεννυτικοῦ καὶ Φατνιτικοῦ στόματος Ξόις ἐστὶ καὶ νῆσος καὶ πόλις ἐν τῷ Σεβεννυτικῷ νομῷ.
In the interior above the Sebennytic and Phatnitic mouths is Xois, both an island and a city in the Sebennytic nome.
ἔστι δὲ καὶ Ἑρμοῦ πόλις καὶ Λύκου πόλις καὶ Μένδης, ὅπου τὸν Πᾶνα τιμῶσι καὶ τῶν ζῴων τράγον· ὡς δὲ Πίνδαρός φησιν, οἱ τράγοι ἐνταῦθα γυναιξὶ μίγνυνται.
There are also Hermopolis, Lycopolis, and Mendes, where they worship Pan and, among animals, a he-goat; and as Pindar says, the he-goats there consort with women.
πλησίον δὲ Μένδητος καὶ Διὸς πόλις καὶ αἱ περὶ αὐτὴν λίμναι καὶ Λεοντόπολις· εἶτʼ ἀπωτέρω ἡ Βούσιρις πόλις ἐν τῷ Βουσιρίτῃ νομῷ καὶ Κυνὸς πόλις.
Near Mendes is also Diospolis and the lakes around it, and Leontopolis; then further away the city Busiris in the Busirite nome, and Cynopolis.
φησὶ δʼ Ἐρατοσθένης κοινὸν μὲν εἶναι τοῖς βαρβάροις πᾶσιν ἔθος τὴν ξενηλασίαν, τοὺς δʼ Αἰγυπτίους ἐλέγχεσθαι διὰ τῶν περὶ τὸν Βούσιριν μεμυθευμένων ἐν τῷ Βουσιρίτῃ νομῷ, διαβάλλειν τὴν ἀξενίαν βουλομένων τοῦ τόπου τούτου τῶν ὕστερον, οὐ βασιλέως μὰ Δία οὐδὲ τυράννου γενομένου τινὸς Βουσίριδος· προσεπιφημισθῆναι δὲ καὶ τὸ
Αἴγυπτόνδʼ ἰέναι δολιχὴν ὁδὸν ἀργαλέην τε,
προσλαμβάνοντος πρὸς τοῦτο πάμπολυ καὶ τοῦ ἀλιμένου καὶ τοῦ μηδὲ τὸν ὄντα λιμένα ἀνεῖσθαι τὸν πρὸς τῇ Φάρῳ, φρουρεῖσθαι δʼ ὑπὸ βουκόλων λῃστῶν ἐπιτιθεμένων τοῖς προσορμιζομένοις, Καρχηδονίους δὲ καταποντοῦν εἴ τις τῶν ξένων εἰς Σαρδὼ παραπλεύσειεν ἢ ἐπὶ στήλας· διὰ δὲ ταῦτʼ ἀπιστεῖσθαι τὰ πολλὰ τῶν ἑσπερίων· καὶ τοὺς Πέρσας δὲ κακῶς ἡγεῖσθαι τοῖς πρέσβεσι τὰς ὁ δοὺς κύκλῳ καὶ διὰ δυσκόλων.
And Eratosthenes says that while the expulsion of foreigners is a common custom for all barbarians, the Egyptians are falsely accused through the myths told about Busiris in the Busirite nome, by those of later times who wished to slander the unhospitable character of this place, since by Zeus no king or tyrant named Busiris ever existed; and that there was also added to this the rumor: 'To go to Egypt is a long and grievous journey,' with the lack of harbors contributing very much to this, and the fact that not even the existing harbor at Pharos was open, but was guarded by herdsmen-bandits who attacked those who tried to anchor; and that the Carthaginians would drown any stranger who sailed past to Sardinia or towards the Pillars; and for these reasons most of the Western accounts were disbelieved; and that the Persians also badly guided the ambassadors on roundabout and difficult roads.
§17.1.20συνάπτει δὲ καὶ ὁ Ἀθριβίτης νομὸς καὶ Ἄθριβις πόλις καὶ ἔτι ὁ Προσωπίτης νομός, ἐν ᾧ Ἀφροδίτης πόλις.
There also join the Athribite nome and the city Athribis, and further the Prosopite nome, in which is Aphroditopolis.
ὑπὲρ δὲ τὸ Μενδήσιον στόμα καὶ τὸ Τανιτικὸν λίμνη μεγάλη καὶ ὁ Μενδήσιός ἐστι νομὸς καὶ ὁ Λεοντοπολίτης καὶ πόλις Ἀφροδίτης καὶ ὁ Φαρβητίτης νομός· εἶτα τὸ Τανιτικὸν στόμα ὅ τινες Σαϊτικὸν λέγουσι, καὶ ὁ Τανίτης νομὸς καὶ πόλις ἐν αὐτῷ μεγάλη Τάνις.
Above the Mendesian and Tanitic mouths is a large lake, and the Mendesian nome, and the Leontopolite, and a city of Aphrodite, and the Pharbaethite nome; then the Tanitic mouth, which some call Saitic, and the Tanite nome, and in it a large city, Tanis.
§17.1.21μεταξὺ δὲ τοῦ Τανιτικοῦ καὶ τοῦ Πηλουσιακοῦ λίμναι καὶ ἕλη μεγάλα καὶ συνεχῆ κώμας πολλὰς ἔχοντα· καὶ αὐτὸ δὲ τὸ Πηλούσιον κύκλῳ περικείμενα ἔχει ἕλη, ἅ τινες βάραθρα καλοῦσι, καὶ τέλματα· ᾤκισται δʼ ἀπὸ θαλάττης ἐν πλείοσιν ἢ εἴκοσι σταδίοις, τὸν δὲ κύκλον ἔχει τοῦ τείχους σταδίων εἴκοσιν· ὠνόμασται δʼ ἀπὸ τοῦ πηλοῦ καὶ τῶν τελμάτων.
Between the Tanitic and the Pelusiac mouths are lakes and great continuous marshes containing many villages; and Pelusium itself has marshes lying around it, which some call 'depths', and swamps; it is situated more than twenty stadia from the sea, and its wall has a circumference of twenty stadia; and it has its name from the mud and the swamps.
ταύτῃ δὲ καὶ δυσείσβολός ἐστιν ἡ Αἴγυπτος ἐκ τῶν ἑωθινῶν τόπων τῶν κατὰ Φοινίκην καὶ τὴν Ἰουδαίαν· καὶ ἐκ τῆς Ἀραβίας δὲ τῆς Ναβαταίων ἥπερ ἐστὶ προσεχής, διὰ τούτων ἐπὶ τὴν Αἴγυπτον ἡ ὁδός.
On this side Egypt is also difficult to enter from the eastern parts near Phoenicia and Judaea; and also from the Arabia of the Nabataeans, which is adjacent, the road to Egypt leads through these places.
ἡ δὲ μεταξὺ τοῦ Νείλου καὶ τοῦ Ἀραβίου κόλπου Ἀραβία μέν ἐστι, καὶ ἐπί γε τῶν ἄκρων αὐτῆς ἵδρυται τὸ Πηλούσιον· ἀλλʼ ἔρημος ἅπασά ἐστι καὶ ἄβατος στρατοπέδῳ.
The region between the Nile and the Arabian Gulf is Arabia, and at its very extremity Pelusium is founded; but it is all desert and impassable for an army.
ὁ δὲ μεταξὺ ἰσθμὸς Πηλουσίου καὶ τοῦ μυχοῦ τοῦ καθʼ Ἡρώων πόλιν χιλίων μέν ἐστι σταδίων, ὡς δὲ Ποσειδώνιός φησιν ἐλαττόνων ἢ χιλίων καὶ πεντακοσίων· πρὸς δὲ τῷ ἄνυδρος εἶναι καὶ ἀμμώδης ἑρπετῶν πλῆθος ἔχει τῶν ἀμμοδυτῶν.
The isthmus between Pelusium and the recess of the gulf near Heroonpolis is one thousand stadia, but as Poseidonius says, less than one thousand five hundred; and besides being waterless and sandy, it has a multitude of sand-dwelling reptiles.
§17.1.22Ἀπὸ δὲ Σχεδίας ἀναπλέουσιν ἐπὶ Μέμφιν ἐν δεξιᾷ μέν εἰσι πάμπολλαι κῶμαι μέχρι τῆς Μαρείας λίμνης, ὧν ἐστι καὶ ἡ Χαβρίου κώμη καλουμένη· ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ ποταμῷ Ἑρμοῦ πόλις ἐστίν· εἶτα Γυναικῶν πόλις καὶ νομὸς Γυναικοπολίτης· ἐφεξῆς δὲ Μώμεμφις καὶ Μωμεμφίτης νομός· μεταξὺ δὲ διώρυγες πλείους εἰς τὴν Μαρεῶτιν.
For those sailing up from Schedia to Memphis, on the right are very many villages as far as Lake Mareia, among which is also the one called the Village of Chabrias; and on the river is Hermopolis; then Gynaecopolis and the Gynaecopolite nome; next Momemphis and the Momemphite nome; and in between are several canals leading to Mareotis.
οἱ δὲ Μωμεμφῖται τὴν Ἀφροδίτην τιμῶσι, καὶ τρέφεται θήλεια βοῦς ἱερά, καθάπερ ἐν Μέμφει ὁ Ἆπις, ἐν Ἡλίου δὲ πόλει ὁ Μνεῦις· οὗτοι μὲν οὖν θεοὶ νομίζονται, οἱ δὲ παρὰ τοῖς ἄλλοις, παρὰ πολλοῖς γὰρ δὴ ἔν τε τῷ Δέλτα καὶ ἔξω αὐτοῦ τοῖς μὲν ἄρρην τοῖς δὲ θήλεια τρέφεται, οὗτοι δὲ θεοὶ μὲν οὐ νομίζονται ἱεροὶ δέ.
The Momemphitae worship Aphrodite, and a sacred female calf is kept, just as Apis is in Memphis, and Mnevis in Heliopolis; these indeed are considered gods, but the ones kept by others—for indeed among many peoples both in the Delta and outside of it, a male is kept by some and a female by others—are not considered gods but sacred.