§16.4.18ταῦτʼ εἰπὼν περὶ τῶν Τρωγλοδυτῶν καὶ τῶν προσχώρων Αἰθιόπων ἐπάνεισιν ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἄραβας· καὶ πρώτους ἔπεισι τοὺς τὸν Ἀράβιον κόλπον ἀφορίζοντας καὶ ἀντικειμένους τοῖς Τρωγλοδύταις, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ Ποσειδίου.
Having said this about the Troglodytes and the neighboring Ethiopians, he returns to the Arabs; and first he goes over those who border the Arabian Gulf and lie opposite the Troglodytes, beginning from Poseidion.
φησὶ δὲ ἐνδοτέρω κεῖσθαι τοῦτο τοῦ μυχοῦ·
He says that this lies further inside than the innermost part of the gulf.
συνεχῆ δὲ τοῦ Ποσειδίου φοινικῶνα εἶναι εὔυδρον, τιμᾶσθαί τε κομιδῆ διὰ τὸ πᾶσαν τὴν κύκλῳ καυματηράν τε καὶ ἄνυδρον καὶ ἄσκιον ὑπάρχειν, ἐνταῦθα δὲ καὶ τὴν εὐκαρπίαν τῶν φοινίκων εἶναι θαυμαστήν·
And adjacent to Poseidion is a well-watered palm-grove, and it is highly prized because all the surrounding area is hot, waterless, and shadeless, while there the fertility of the palms is wonderful.
προεστήκασι δὲ τοῦ ἄλσους ἀνὴρ καὶ γυνὴ διὰ γένους ἀποδεδειγμένοι δερματοφόροι, τροφὴν ἀπὸ τῶν φοινίκων ἔχοντες· κοιτάζονται δʼ ἐπὶ δένδρων καλυβοποιησάμενοι διὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν θηρίων.
A man and a woman appointed by hereditary right, wearers of skins, are in charge of the grove, having their food from the palms; and they sleep in trees, having built huts there, because of the multitude of wild beasts.
εἶθʼ ἑξῆς ἔστι νῆσος φωκῶν, ἀπὸ τοῦ πλήθους τῶν θηρίων τούτων ὠνομασμένη.
Then next is the Island of Seals, named after the multitude of these animals.
πλησίον δʼ αὐτῆς ἀκρωτήριον, ὃ διατείνει πρὸς τὴν Πέτραν τὴν τῶν Ναβαταίων καλουμένων Ἀράβων καὶ τὴν Παλαιστίνην χώραν, εἰς ἣν Μιναῖοί τε καὶ Γερραῖοι καὶ πάντες οἱ πλησιόχωροι τὰ τῶν ἀρωμάτων φορτία κομίζουσιν.
Near it is a promontory, which extends towards Petra, belonging to the Arabs called Nabataeans, and the Palestinian country, to which the Minaeans and Gerrhaeans and all the neighboring peoples bring their cargoes of aromatics.
εἶτʼ ἄλλη παραλία πρότερον μὲν Μαρανιτῶν καλουμένη, ὧν οἳ μὲν ἦσαν γεωργοὶ τινὲς δὲ σκηνῖται, νῦν δὲ Γαρινδαίων ἀνελόντων ἐκείνους δόλῳ· ἐπέθεντο γὰρ αὐτοῖς πενταετηρικήν τινα πανήγυριν ἐπιτελοῦσι, καὶ τούτους τε διέφθειραν καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους ἐπελθόντες ἄρδην διελυμήναντο.
Then another coast, formerly called that of the Maranitae, of whom some were farmers and others tent-dwellers, but now of the Garindaeans, who destroyed them by treachery; for they attacked them while they were celebrating a certain quinquennial festival, and both destroyed these and, falling upon the others, utterly ruined them.
εἶθʼ ὁ Αἰλανίτης κόλπος καὶ ἡ Ναβαταίων, πολύανδρος οὖσα χώρα καὶ εὔβοτος· οἰκοῦσι δὲ καὶ νήσους προκειμένας πλησίον·
Then the Ailanitic Gulf and the country of the Nabataeans, which is populous and well-pasturing; and they also inhabit islands lying near.
οἳ πρότερον μὲν καθʼ ἡσυχίαν ἦσαν, ὕστερον δὲ σχεδίαις ἐλῄζοντο τοὺς ἐκ τῆς Αἰγύπτου πλέοντας· δίκας δʼ ἔτισαν ἐπελθόντος στόλου καὶ ἐκπορθήσαντος αὐτούς.
These people formerly lived in peace, but later they plundered with rafts those sailing from Egypt; but they paid the penalty when a fleet came upon them and plundered them.
ἑξῆς δʼ ἐστὶ πεδίον εὔδενδρόν τε καὶ εὔυδρον καὶ βοσκημάτων παντοίων μεστὸν ἄλλων τε καὶ ἡμιόνων· καὶ καμήλων ἀγρίων καὶ ἐλάφων καὶ δορκάδων πλῆθος ἐν αὐτῷ, λέοντές τε καὶ παρδάλεις καὶ λύκοι συχνοί.
Next is a plain well-wooded and well-watered, and full of all kinds of livestock, especially mules; and there is a multitude of wild camels, deer, and gazelles in it, and lions, leopards, and wolves in abundance.
πρόκειται δὲ νῆσος καλουμένη Δία· εἶτα κόλπος ὅσον πεντακοσίων σταδίων ὄρεσι περικλειόμενος καὶ δυσεισβόλῳ στόματι· περιοικοῦσι δὲ θηρευτικοὶ ἄνδρες τῶν χερσαίων ἀγρευμάτων.
In front of it lies an island called Dia; then a gulf of about five hundred stadia, enclosed by mountains and with an entrance difficult of access; and around it dwell men who hunt land animals.
εἶτʼ ἔρημοι τρεῖς νῆσοι πλήρεις ἐλαιῶν, οὐ τῶν παρʼ ἡμῖν ἀλλὰ τῶν ἐντοπίων, ἃς καλοῦμεν Αἰθιοπικάς, ὧν τὸ δάκρυον καὶ ἰατρικῆς δυνάμεώς ἐστιν.
Then there are three desert islands full of olive trees, not of our kind but of the native kind, which we call Ethiopian, the resin of which has medicinal value.
ἐφεξῆς δʼ ἐστὶν αἰγιαλὸς λιθώδης, καὶ μετὰ τοῦτον τραχεῖα καὶ δυσπαράπλευστος ὅσον χιλίων σταδίων παραλία σπάνει λιμένων καὶ ἀγκυροβολίων· ὄρος γὰρ παρατείνει τραχὺ καὶ ὑψηλόν· εἶθʼ ὑπώρειαι σπιλαδώδεις μέχρι τῆς θαλάττης, τοῖς ἐτησίαις μάλιστα καὶ ταῖς τότε ἐπομβρίαις ἀβοήθητον παρέχουσαι τὸν κίνδυνον.
Next is a stony shore, and after this a rugged and difficult-to-navigate coast of about a thousand stadia, with a scarcity of harbors and anchorages; for a rugged and high mountain stretches along it; then rocky foothills extend to the sea, presenting a helpless danger, especially during the Etesian winds and the rains of that season.
ἑξῆς δʼ ἐστὶ κόλπος νήσους ἔχων σποράδας, καὶ συνεχῶς θῖνες ψάμμου μελαίνης τρεῖς ἄγαν ὑψηλοί, καὶ μετὰ τούτους Χαρμοθᾶς λιμὴν ὅσον σταδίων τὸν κύκλον ἑκατόν, στενὸν καὶ ἐπικίνδυνον ἔχων τὸν εἴσπλουν παντὶ σκάφει, ῥεῖ δὲ καὶ ποταμὸς εἰς αὐτόν· ἐν μέσῳ δὲ νῆσος εὔδενδρος καὶ γεωργήσιμος.
Next is a gulf containing scattered islands, and in succession three very high dunes of black sand, and after these, the harbor Charmothas, of about a hundred stadia in circumference, having an entrance narrow and dangerous for any vessel, and a river also flows into it; in the middle is a well-wooded and cultivable island.
εἶτʼ ἐστὶ παραλία τραχεῖα καὶ μετὰ ταύτην κόλποι τινὲς καὶ χώρα νομάδων ἀπὸ καμήλων ἐχόντων τὸν βίον· καὶ γὰρ πολεμοῦσιν ἀπʼ αὐτῶν καὶ ὁδεύουσι καὶ τρέφονται τῷ τε γάλακτι χρώμενοι καὶ ταῖς σαρξί.
Then there is a rugged coast, and after this some gulfs and the country of nomads who get their living from camels; for they fight from them, travel on them, and feed on them, using both their milk and their flesh.
ῥεῖ δὲ ποταμὸς διʼ αὐτῶν ψῆγμα χρυσοῦ καταφέρων, οὐκ ἴσασι δʼ αὐτὸ κατεργάζεσθαι· καλοῦνται δὲ Δέβαι, οἱ μὲν νομάδες οἱ δὲ καὶ γεωργοί.
And a river flows through them, carrying down gold-dust, but they do not know how to process it; and they are called Debae, some being nomads and others also farmers.
οὐ λέγω δὲ τῶν ἐθνῶν τὰ ὀνόματα τὰ πολλὰ διὰ τὴν ἀδοξίαν καὶ ἅμα ἀτοπίαν τῆς ἐκφορᾶς αὐτῶν.
I do not state most of the names of the tribes because of their obscurity and at the same time the strangeness of their pronunciation.
ἐχόμενοι δʼ εἰσὶν ἡμερώτεροι τούτων ἄνδρες εὐκρατοτέραν οἰκοῦντες γῆν· καὶ γὰρ εὔυδρός ἐστι καὶ εὔομβρος· χρυσός τε ὀρυκτὸς γίνεται παρʼ αὐτοῖς οὐ ψήγματος ἀλλὰ βωλαρίων χρυσοῦ καθάρσεως οὐ πολλῆς δεομένων, μέγεθος δʼ ἐχόντων ἐλάχιστον μὲν πυρῆνος μέσον δὲ μεσπίλου μέγιστον δὲ καρύου·
Adjoining them are men more civilized than these, inhabiting a more temperate land; for it is both well-watered and well-rained; and mined gold is found among them, not of gold-dust, but of gold nuggets requiring not much purification, having a size of, at the smallest, a fruit-stone, at the medium, a medlar, and at the largest, a nut.
τηρήσαντες δὲ ταῦτα ἐναλλὰξ λίθοις διαφανέσιν ὅρμους ποιοῦνται διείροντες λίνον, περιτίθενται δὲ περὶ τοὺς τραχήλους καὶ καρπούς· πωλοῦσι δὲ καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἀστυγείτονας εὔωνον τὸν χρυσόν, τριπλάσιον ἀντιδιδόντες τοῦ χαλκοῦ, διπλάσιον δὲ τοῦ * ἀργύρου, διά τε τὴν ἀπειρίαν τῆς ἐργασίας καὶ τὴν σπάνιν τῶν ἀντιλαμβανομένων, ὧν ἡ χρεία πρὸς τοὺς βίους ἀναγκαιοτέρα.
And having pierced these, they make necklaces by threading them alternately with transparent stones on a linen cord, and they wear them around their necks and wrists; and they also sell the gold cheap to their neighbors, giving it in exchange for three times as much bronze, and twice as much * silver, both because of their lack of skill in working it and because of the scarcity of the things received in exchange, the use of which is more necessary for their lives.