§16.4.1Ἀρχὴ δὲ τῆς Ἀραβίας ἀπὸ τῆς Βαβυλωνίας ἐστὶν ἡ Μαικήνη·
The beginning of Arabia from Babylonia is Maicene.
πρόκειται δὲ ταύτης τῇ μὲν ἡ ἔρημος τῶν Ἀράβων τῇ δὲ τὰ ἕλη τὰ κατὰ Χαλδαίους, ἃ ποιεῖ παρεκχεόμενος ὁ Εὐφράτης, τῇ δὲ ἡ κατὰ Πέρσας θάλαττα.
In front of this, on one side lies the desert of the Arabs, on another the marshes near the Chaldaeans which the Euphrates makes by overflowing, and on another the Sea of the Persians.
δυσάερος οὖσα καὶ ὁμιχλώδης καὶ ἔπομβρος ἅμα καὶ καυματηρά, καλλίκαρπός ἐστιν ὅμως·
Although it has bad air, is misty, and at once rainy and burning hot, it is nevertheless very fertile.
ἡ δʼ ἄμπελος ἐν ἕλεσι φύεται, καλαμίναις ῥιψὶν ἐπιβαλλομένης γῆς, ὅση δέξαιτʼ ἂν τὸ φυτόν, ὥστε φορητὴν γίνεσθαι πολλάκις, εἶτα κοντοῖς ἀπωθεῖσθαι πάλιν εἰς τὴν οἰκείαν ἕδραν.
And the vine grows in the marshes, with earth being thrown upon reed-mats, as much as would receive the plant, so that it often becomes portable, and then is pushed back with poles to its proper place.
§16.4.2Ἐπάνειμι δὲ ἐπὶ τὰς Ἐρατοσθένους ἀποφάσεις ἃς ἑξῆς περὶ τῆς Ἀραβίας ἐκτίθεται.
And I shall return to the statements of Eratosthenes which he sets forth next concerning Arabia.
φησὶ δὲ περὶ τῆς προσαρκτίου καὶ ἐρήμης ἥτις ἐστὶ μεταξὺ τῆς τε εὐδαίμονος Ἀραβίας καὶ τῆς Κοιλοσύρων καὶ τῶν Ἰουδαίων μέχρι τοῦ μυχοῦ τοῦ Ἀραβίου κόλπου, διότι ἀπὸ Ἡρώων πόλεως, ἥτις ἐστὶν πρὸς τὸν Νεῖλον μυχῷ τοῦ Ἀραβίου κόλπου, πρὸς μὲν τὴν Ναβαταίων Πέτραν εἰς Βαβυλῶνα πεντακισχίλιοι ἑξακόσιοι, πᾶσα μὲν πρὸς ἀνατολὰς θερινάς, διὰ δὲ τῶν παρακειμένων Ἀραβίων ἐθνῶν Ναβαταίων τε καὶ Χαυλοταίων καὶ Ἀγραίων·
And he says concerning the northern and desert region which is between Arabia Felix and Coele-Syria and Judaea as far as the recess of the Arabian Gulf, that from Heroonpolis, which is near the Nile at the recess of the Arabian Gulf, towards Petra of the Nabataeans, and thence to Babylon, the distance is five thousand six hundred stadia, the whole journey being towards the summer sunrise, and through the adjacent Arabian tribes of the Nabataeans, Chaulotaeans, and Agraeans.
ὑπὲρ δὲ τούτων ἡ εὐδαίμων ἐστίν, ἐπὶ μυρίους καὶ δισχιλίους ἐκκειμένη σταδίους πρὸς νότον μέχρι τοῦ Ἀτλαντικοῦ πελάγους.
And above these is Arabia Felix, extending twelve thousand stadia to the south as far as the Atlantic sea.
ἔχουσι δʼ αὐτὴν οἱ μὲν πρῶτοι μετὰ τοὺς Σύρους καὶ τοὺς Ἰουδαίους ἄνθρωποι γεωργοί·
And the first people who possess it after the Syrians and the Judaeans are agriculturalists.
μετὰ δὲ τούτους δίαμμός ἐστι γῆ καὶ λυπρά, φοίνικας ἔχουσα ὀλίγους καὶ ἄκανθαν καὶ μυρίκην καὶ ὀρυκτὰ ὕδατα, καθάπερ καὶ ἡ Γεδρωσία· σκηνῖται δʼ ἔχουσιν αὐτὴν Ἄραβες καὶ καμηλοβοσκοί.
And after these there is a sandy and poor land, having few date-palms, camel-thorn, tamarisk, and well-water, just like Gedrosia; and tent-dwelling Arabs and camel-herders occupy it.
τὰ δʼ ἔσχατα πρὸς νότον καὶ ἀνταίροντα τῇ Αἰθιοπίᾳ βρέχεταί τε θερινοῖς ὄμβροις καὶ δισπορεῖται παραπλησίως τῇ Ἰνδικῇ, ποταμοὺς δʼ ἔχει καταναλισκομένους εἰς πεδία καὶ λίμνας, εὐκαρπία δʼ ἐστὶν ἥ τε ἄλλη καὶ μελιτουργεῖα δαψιλῆ, βοσκημάτων τε ἀφθονία πλὴν ἵππων καὶ ἡμιόνων καὶ ὑῶν, ὄρνεά τε παντοῖα πλὴν χηνῶν καὶ ἀλεκτορίδων.
And the extreme parts to the south, which lie opposite to Ethiopia, are watered by summer rains and are sown twice a year similarly to India, and have rivers that are consumed in plains and lakes; and there is fertility of other kinds, and abundant honey-production, and an abundance of cattle except horses, mules, and swine, and all kinds of birds except geese and domestic fowls.
κατοικεῖ δὲ τὰ μέγιστα τέτταρα ἔθνη τὴν ἐσχάτην λεχθεῖσαν χώραν, Μιναῖοι μὲν ἐν τῷ πρὸς τὴν Ἐρυθρὰν μέρει, πόλις δʼ αὐτῶν ἡ μεγίστη Κάρνα ἢ Κάρνανα· ἐχόμενοι δὲ τούτων Σαβαῖοι, μητρόπολις δʼ αὐτῶν Μαρίαβα· τρίτοι δὲ Κατταβανεῖς καθήκοντες πρὸς τὰ στενὰ καὶ τὴν διάβασιν τοῦ Ἀραβίου κόλπου, τὸ δὲ βασίλειον αὐτῶν Τάμνα καλεῖται· πρὸς ἕω δὲ μάλιστα Χατραμωτῖται, πόλιν δʼ ἔχουσι Σάβαταν.
And the four largest tribes inhabit this extreme country just mentioned: the Minaeans in the part towards the Red Sea, and their largest city is Carna or Carnana; and next to these are the Sabaeans, and their metropolis is Mariaba; and thirdly, the Cattabaneans, reaching down to the straits and the passage of the Arabian Gulf, and their royal city is called Tamna; and furthest to the east are the Chatramotitae, and they have the city Sabata.
§16.4.3μοναρχοῦνται δὲ πᾶσαι καὶ εἰσὶν εὐδαίμονες, κατεσκευασμέναι καλῶς ἱεροῖς τε καὶ βασιλείοις, αἵ τε οἰκίαι ταῖς Αἰγυπτίαις ἐοίκασι κατὰ τὴν τῶν ξύλων ἔνδεσιν·
And they are all governed by monarchs and are prosperous, being beautifully adorned with both temples and palaces, and their houses are like the Egyptian ones in the binding of the timber.
χώραν δʼ ἐπέχουσιν οἱ τέτταρες νομοὶ μείζω τοῦ κατʼ Αἴγυπτον Δέλτα·
And the four cantons occupy a country larger than the Delta in Egypt.
διαδέχεται δὲ τὴν βασίλειαν οὐ παῖς παρὰ πατρός, ἀλλʼ ὃς ἂν πρῶτος γεννηθῇ τινι τῶν ἐπιφανῶν παῖς μετὰ τὴν κατάστασιν τοῦ βασιλέως· ἅμα γὰρ τῷ κατασταθῆναί τινα εἰς τὴν ἀρχὴν ἀναγράφονται τὰς ἐγκύους γυναῖκας τῶν ἐπιφανῶν ἀνδρῶν καὶ ἐφιστᾶσι φύλακας, ἥτις ἂν πρώτη τέκῃ, τὸν ταύτης υἱὸν νόμος ἐστὶν ἀναληφθέντα τρέφεσθαι βασιλικῶς ὡς διαδεξόμενον.
And a son does not succeed to the kingship from his father, but whichever son is born first to one of the nobles after the establishment of the king; for as soon as anyone is established in the rule, they register the pregnant wives of the noble men and set guards over them; and whichever woman gives birth first, it is the law that her son, being taken, is brought up royally as the one who will succeed.