§16.4.4φέρει δὲ λιβανωτὸν μὲν ἡ Κατταβανία, σμύρναν δὲ ἡ Χατραμωτῖτις· καὶ ταῦτά τε καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ἀρώματα μεταβάλλονται τοῖς ἐμπόροις.
Cattabania produces frankincense, and Chatramotitis produces myrrh; and these and the other aromatics are traded by the merchants.
ἔρχονται δὲ πρὸς αὐτοὺς ἐξ Αἰλάνων μὲν εἰς Μιναίαν ἐν ἑβδομήκοντα ἡμέραις· ἔστι δʼ ἡ Αἴλανα πόλις ἐν θατέρῳ μυχῷ τοῦ Ἀραβίου κόλπου τῷ κατὰ Γάζαν, τῷ Αἰλανίτῃ καλουμένῳ, καθάπερ εἰρήκαμεν· Γερραῖοι δʼ εἰς τὴν Χατραμωτῖτιν ἐν τετταράκοντα ἡμέραις ἀφικνοῦνται.
People come to them from Ailana to Minaea in seventy days; and Ailana is a city at the other recess of the Arabian Gulf, the one near Gaza, called the Ailanitic Gulf, as we have said; and the Gerraeans arrive at Chatramotitis in forty days.
τοῦ δʼ Ἀραβίου κόλπου τὸ μὲν παρὰ τὴν Ἀραβίαν πλευρὸν ἀρχομένοις ἀπὸ τοῦ Αἰλανίτου μυχοῦ, καθάπερ οἱ περὶ Ἀλέξανδρον ἀνέγραψαν καὶ Ἀναξικράτης, μυρίων καὶ τετρακισχιλίων σταδίων ἐστίν· εἴρηται δὲ ἐπὶ πλέον.
The Arabian side of the Arabian Gulf, for those beginning from the Ailanitic recess, as the companions of Alexander and Anaxicrates have recorded, is fourteen thousand stadia; and this has been spoken of at greater length.
τὸ δὲ κατὰ τὴν Τρωγλοδυτικήν, ὅπερ ἐστὶν ἐν δεξιᾷ ἀποπλέουσιν ἀπὸ Ἡρώων πόλεως, μέχρι μὲν Πτολεμαΐδος καὶ τῆς τῶν ἐλεφάντων θήρας ἐνακισχίλιοι πρὸς μεσημβρίαν στάδιοι καὶ μικρὸν ἐπὶ τὴν ἕω· ἐντεῦθεν δὲ μέχρι τῶν στενῶν ὡς τετρακισχίλιοι καὶ πεντακόσιοι πρὸς τὴν ἕω μᾶλλον.
But the side along Troglodytica, which is on the right for those sailing down from Heroonpolis, as far as Ptolemais and the elephant-hunting ground, is nine thousand stadia towards the south and slightly towards the east; and from there to the straits, about four thousand five hundred stadia, rather more towards the east.
ποιεῖ δὲ ἄκρα τὰ στενὰ πρὸς τὴν Αἰθιοπίαν Δειρὴ καλουμένη, καὶ πολίχνιον ὁμώνυμον αὐτῇ· κατοικοῦσι δὲ ἰχθυοφάγοι.
The straits are formed by a cape facing Ethiopia called Deire, and a small town of the same name; and Ichthyophagists inhabit it.
καί φασιν ἐνταῦθα στήλην εἶναι Σεσώστριος τοῦ Αἰγυπτίου μηνύουσαν ἱεροῖς γράμμασι τὴν διάβασιν αὐτοῦ· φαίνεται γὰρ τὴν Αἰθιοπίδα καὶ τὴν Τρωγλοδυτικὴν πρῶτος καταστρεψάμενος οὗτος, εἶτα διαβὰς εἰς τὴν Ἀραβίαν κἀντεῦθεν τὴν Ἀσίαν ἐπελθὼν τὴν σύμπασαν· διὸ δὴ πολλαχοῦ Σεσώστριος χάρακες προσαγορεύονται, καὶ ἀφιδρύματά ἐστιν Αἰγυπτίων θεῶν ἱερῶν.
And they say that there is a pillar of Sesostris the Egyptian there, indicating in sacred characters his passage; for this man appears to have been the first to subdue Troglodytica and Ethiopia, and then, having crossed into Arabia, to have overrun the whole of Asia from there; wherefore in many places there are ramparts called those of Sesostris, and there are shrines with Egyptian gods.
τὰ δὲ κατὰ Δειρὴν στενὰ συνάγεται εἰς σταδίους ἑξήκοντα· οὐ μὴν ταῦτά γε καλεῖται νυνὶ στενά, ἀλλὰ προσπλεύσασιν ἀπωτέρω, καθὸ τὸ μὲν δίαρμά ἐστι τὸ μεταξὺ τῶν ἠπείρων διακοσίων που σταδίων, ἓξ δὲ νῆσοι συνεχεῖς ἀλλήλαις τὸ δίαρμα ἐκπληροῦσαι στενοὺς τελέως διάπλους ἀπολείπουσι, διʼ ὧν σχεδίαις τὰ φορτία κομίζουσι δεῦρο κἀκεῖσε, καὶ λέγουσι ταῦτα στενά.
The straits near Deire contract to sixty stadia; yet these are not indeed what are now called the straits, but for those who have sailed further on, where the crossing between the continents is about two hundred stadia, and six islands continuous with one another, filling up the crossing, leave completely narrow passages, through which they carry cargoes here and there on rafts, and they call these the straits.
μετὰ δὲ τὰς νήσους ὁ ἑξῆς πλοῦς ἐστιν ἐγκολπίζουσι παρὰ τὴν σμυρνοφόρον ἐπὶ τὴν μεσημβρίαν ἅμα καὶ τὴν ἕω μέχρι πρὸς τὴν τὸ κιννάμωμον φέρουσαν, ὅσον πεντακισχιλίων σταδίων· πέρα δὲ ταύτης οὐδένα ἀφῖχθαί φησι μέχρι νῦν.
After the islands, the next voyage is as they coast along the myrrh-bearing country towards the south and the east at the same time, as far as the country that produces cinnamon, about five thousand stadia; and beyond this, he says no one has arrived up to the present.
πόλεις δʼ ἐν μὲν τῇ παραλίᾳ μὴ πολλὰς εἶναι, κατὰ δὲ τὴν μεσόγαιαν πολλὰς οἰκουμένας καλῶς.
He says there are not many cities on the coast, but in the interior there are many beautifully inhabited.
τὰ μὲν δὴ τοῦ Ἐρατοσθένους περὶ τῆς Ἀραβίας τοιαῦτα· προσθετέον δὲ καὶ τὰ παρὰ τῶν ἄλλων.
Such, then, are the accounts of Eratosthenes concerning Arabia; but we must add also those from others.
§16.4.5φησὶ δʼ Ἀρτεμίδωρος τὸ ἀντικείμενον ἐκ τῆς Ἀραβίας ἀκρωτήριον τῇ Δειρῇ καλεῖσθαι * Ἀκίλαν· τοὺς δὲ περὶ τὴν Δειρὴν κολοβοὺς εἶναι τὰς βαλάνους.
And Artemidorus says that the cape in Arabia opposite Deire is called Acila; and that the people around Deire have their foreskins circumcised.
ἀπὸ δὲ Ἡρώων πόλεως πλέουσι κατὰ τὴν Τρωγλοδυτικὴν πόλιν εἶναι Φιλωτέραν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀδελφῆς τοῦ δευτέρου Πτολεμαίου προσαγορευθεῖσαν, Σατύρου κτίσμα τοῦ πεμφθέντος ἐπὶ τὴν διερεύνησιν τῆς τῶν ἐλεφάντων θήρας καὶ τῆς Τρωγλοδυτικῆς· εἶτα ἄλλην πόλιν Ἀρσινόην· εἶτα θερμῶν ὑδάτων ἐκβολὰς πικρῶν καὶ ἁλμυρῶν, κατὰ πέτρας τινὸς ὑψηλῆς ἐκδιδόντων εἰς τὴν θάλατταν, καὶ πλησίον ὄρος ἐστὶν ἐν πεδίῳ μιλτῶδες· εἶτα Μυὸς ὅρμον ὃν καὶ Ἀφροδίτης ὅρμον καλεῖσθαι, λιμένα μέγαν, τὸν εἴσπλουν ἔχοντα σκολιόν· προκεῖσθαι δὲ νήσους τρεῖς, δύο μὲν ἐλαίαις κατασκίους, μίαν δʼ ἧττον κατάσκιον, μελεαγρίδων μεστήν· εἶθʼ ἑξῆς τὸν Ἀκάθαρτον κόλπον καὶ αὐτὸν κατὰ τὴν Θηβαΐδα κείμενον, καθάπερ τὸν Μυὸς ὅρμον, ὄντως δὲ ἀκάθαρτον· καὶ γὰρ ὑφάλοις χοιράσι καὶ ῥαχίαις ἐκτετράχυνται καὶ πνοιαῖς καταιγιζούσαις τὸ πλέον.
And for those sailing from Heroonpolis along Troglodytica, there is the city Philotera, named after the sister of Ptolemy II, a foundation of Satyrus, who was sent for the exploration of the elephant-hunting and of Troglodytica; then another city Arsinoe; then outpourings of hot waters, bitter and salty, discharging into the sea down a certain high rock, and near it in a plain is a mountain of red earth; then Myos Hormos, which is also called the Harbor of Aphrodite, a large harbor, having a winding entrance; and three islands lie in front of it, two shaded with olive trees, and one less shaded, full of guinea-fowls; then next the Gulf of Impurity, which itself lies opposite the Thebais, just like Myos Hormos, and is truly impure; for it is roughened by sunken rocks and reefs, and for the most part by raging blasts.
ἐνταῦθα δὲ ἱδρῦσθαι Βερενίκην πόλιν ἐν βάθει τοῦ κόλπου.
And there the city Berenice is established in the depth of the gulf.
§16.4.6μετὰ δὲ τὸν κόλπον ἡ Ὀφιώδης καλουμένη νῆσος ἀπὸ τοῦ συμβεβηκότος, ἣν ἠλευθέρωσε τῶν ἑρπετῶν ὁ βασιλεύς, ἅμα καὶ διὰ τὰς φθορὰς τῶν προσορμιζομένων ἀνθρώπων τὰς ἐκ τῶν θηρίων καὶ διὰ τὰ τοπάζια.
And after the gulf is the island called Ophiodes from what happened there, which the king freed from the reptiles, both because of the destruction of the men who anchored there by the beasts, and because of the topaz.
λίθος δέ ἐστι διαφανὴς χρυσοειδὲς ἀποστίλβων φέγγος, ὅσον μεθʼ ἡμέραν μὲν οὐ ῥᾴδιον ἰδεῖν ἔστι (ὑπεραυγεῖται γάρ), νύκτωρ δʼ ὁρῶσιν οἱ συλλέγοντες· περικαθάψαντες δὲ ἀγγεῖον σημείου χάριν μεθʼ ἡμέραν ἀνορύττουσι· καὶ ἦν σύστημα ἀνθρώπων ἀποδεδειγμένων εἰς τὴν φυλακὴν τῆς λιθείας ταύτης καὶ τὴν συναγωγήν, σιταρχούμενον ὑπὸ τῶν τῆς Αἰγύπτου βασιλέων.
It is a transparent stone flashing with a golden light, which is not easy to see by day (for it is overpowered by the glare), but those who collect it see it by night; and having placed a vessel over it for a sign, they dig it up by day; and there was an association of men appointed for the guarding of this quarrying and the collecting of it, provisioned by the kings of Egypt.