§16.2.20̔υπὲρ δὲ τοῦ Μασσύου ἐστὶν ὁ καλούμενος αὐλὼν βασιλικὸς καὶ ἡ Δαμασκηνὴ χώρα διαφερόντως ἐπαινουμένη·
And above Massyas is the so-called Royal Valley and the territory of Damascus, which is exceptionally praised.
ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἡ Δαμασκὸς πόλις ἀξιόλογος, σχεδόν τι καὶ ἐπιφανεστάτη τῶν ταύτῃ κατὰ τὰ Περσικά·
Damascus itself is a noteworthy city, almost the most famous of those in this region in the Persian period.
ὑπέρκεινται δʼ αὐτῆς δύο λεγόμενοι λόφοι τραχῶνες·
And above it lie two hills called Trachones.
ἔπειτα πρὸς τὰ Ἀράβων μέρη καὶ τῶν Ἰτουραίων ἀναμὶξ ὄρη δύσβατα, ἐν οἷς καὶ σπήλαια βαθύστομα, ὧν ἓν καὶ τετρακισχιλίους ἀνθρώπους δέξασθαι δυνάμενον ἐν καταδρομαῖς, αἳ τοῖς Δαμασκηνοῖς γίνονται πολλαχόθεν.
Then, towards the parts of the Arabs and the Ituraeans mixed together, are rugged and impassable mountains, in which are also deep-mouthed caves, one of which is capable of receiving even four thousand men during the raids which happen to the Damascenes from many sides.
τὸ μέντοι πλέον τοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς εὐδαίμονος Ἀραβίας ἐμπόρους λεηλατοῦσιν οἱ βάρβαροι· ἧττον δὲ συμβαίνει καταλυθέντων νυνὶ τῶν περὶ Ζηνόδωρον λῃστῶν διὰ τὴν ἐκ τῶν Ῥωμαίων εὐνομίαν καὶ διὰ τὴν ἐκ τῶν στρατιωτῶν ἀσφάλειαν τῶν ἐν τῇ Συρίᾳ τρεφομένων.
However, the barbarians plunder for the most part the merchants from Arabia Felix; but this happens less now that the bandits under Zenodorus have been put down, owing to the good government of the Romans and the security provided by the soldiers maintained in Syria.
§16.2.21̔́απασα μὲν οὖν ἡ ὑπὲρ τῆς Σελευκίδος ὡς ἐπὶ τὴν Αἴγυπτον καὶ τὴν Ἀραβίαν ἀνίσχουσα χώρα κοίλη Συρία καλεῖται, ἰδίως δʼ ἡ τῷ Λιβάνῳ καὶ τῷ Ἀντιλιβάνῳ ἀφωρισμένη.
Now all the country above Seleucis, extending towards Egypt and Arabia, is called Coele-Syria, but specifically the part bounded by Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon.
τῆς δὲ λοιπῆς ἡ μὲν ἀπὸ Ὀρθωσίας μέχρι Πηλουσίου παραλία Φοινίκη καλεῖται, στενή τις καὶ ἁλιτενής· ἡ δʼ ὑπὲρ ταύτης μεσόγαια μέχρι τῶν Ἀράβων ἡ μεταξὺ Γάζης καὶ Ἀντιλιβάνου Ἰουδαία λέγεται.
Of the remainder, the coast from Orthosia as far as Pelusium is called Phoenicia, which is narrow and flat along the sea; while the interior above this as far as the Arabs, the territory between Gaza and Anti-Lebanon, is called Judaea.
§16.2.22Ἐπεὶ οὖν τὴν ἰδίως λεγομένην κοίλην Συρίαν ἐπεληλύθαμεν, ἐπὶ τὴν Φοινίκην μέτιμεν.
Since, therefore, we have traversed the region specifically called Coele-Syria, we shall now pass on to Phoenicia.
ταύτης δὲ τὰ μὲν ἀπὸ Ὀρθωσίας μέχρι Βηρυτοῦ λόγου τετύχηκε.
Of this country, the parts from Orthosia to Berytus have already been described.
μετὰ δὲ Βηρυτὸν ἔστι Σιδὼν ὅσον ἐν τετρακοσίοις σταδίοις· μεταξὺ δὲ ὁ Ταμύρας ποταμὸς καὶ τὸ τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ ἄλσος καὶ Λεόντων πόλις.
After Berytus is Sidon, at a distance of about four hundred stadia; and in between are the river Tamyras, the grove of Asclepius, and the City of Lions.
μετὰ δὲ Σιδῶνα μεγίστη τῶν Φοινίκων καὶ ἀρχαιοτάτη Τύρος ἐστίν, ἐνάμιλλος αὐτῇ κατά τε μέγεθος καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν καὶ τὴν ἀρχαιότητα ἐκ πολλῶν μύθων παραδεδομένην.
After Sidon is Tyre, the largest and oldest of the Phoenician cities, which rivals Sidon in size, fame, and antiquity as handed down by many myths.
οἱ μὲν οὖν ποιηταὶ τὴν Σιδῶνα τεθρυλήκασι μᾶλλον (Ὅμηρος δὲ οὐδὲ μέμνηται τῆς Τύρου), αἱ δʼ εἰς τὴν Λιβύην καὶ τὴν Ἰβηρίαν ἀποικίαι μέχρι καὶ ἔξω στηλῶν τὴν Τύρον πλέον ἐξυμνοῦσιν.
The poets indeed have celebrated Sidon more (and Homer does not even mention Tyre), but the colonies sent to Libya and Iberia, even as far as beyond the Pillars, extol Tyre more.
ἀμφότεραι δʼ οὖν ἔνδοξοι καὶ λαμπραὶ καὶ πάλαι καὶ νῦν· ὁποτέραν δʼ ἄν τις εἴποι μητρόπολιν Φοινίκων ἔρις ἐν ἀμφοτέραις ἐστίν.
At any rate, both are famous and illustrious, both in ancient times and now; and which of the two one should call the metropolis of Phoenicia is a matter of dispute between them both.
ἡ μὲν οὖν Σιδὼν ἐπὶ εὐφυεῖ λιμένι τῆς ἠπείρου τὴν ἵδρυσιν ἔχει.
Now Sidon is situated on the mainland upon a well-situated harbor.
§16.2.23Τύρος δʼ ἐστὶν ὅλη νῆσος σχεδόν τι συνῳκισμένη παραπλησίως ὥσπερ ἡ Ἄραδος, συνῆπται δὲ χώματι πρὸς τὴν ἤπειρον, ὃ κατεσκεύασε πολιορκῶν Ἀλέξανδρος· δύο δʼ ἔχει λιμένας τὸν μὲν κλειστὸν τὸν δʼ ἀνειμένον, ὃν Αἰγύπτιον καλοῦσιν.
Tyre, however, is almost an entire island, inhabited in much the same way as Aradus, and it is connected to the mainland by a mole, which Alexander constructed when besieging it; it has two harbors, one closed and the other open, which they call the Egyptian harbor.
ἐνταῦθα δέ φασι πολυστέγους τὰς οἰκίας * ὥστε καὶ τῶν ἐν Ῥώμῃ μᾶλλον· διὸ καὶ σεισμοὺς γενομένους ἀπολιπεῖν μικρὸν τοῦ ἄρδην ἀφανίσαι τὴν πόλιν.
Here they say that the houses have many storeys, even more so than those in Rome; wherefore, when earthquakes occur, they leave little of utterly destroying the city.
ἠτύχησε δὲ καὶ ὑπʼ Ἀλεξάνδρου πολιορκίᾳ ληφθεῖσα· ἀλλὰ τῶν τοιούτων συμφορῶν κατέστη κρείττων καὶ ἀνέλαβεν αὑτὴν τῇ τε ναυτιλίᾳ, καθʼ ἣν ἁπάντων τῶν ἀεὶ κρείττους εἰσὶ κοινῇ Φοίνικες, καὶ τοῖς πορφυρείοις· πολὺ γὰρ ἐξήτασται πασῶν ἡ Τυρία καλλίστη πορφύρα· καὶ ἡ θήρα πλησίον καὶ τἆλλα εὔπορα τὰ πρὸς βαφὴν ἐπιτήδεια· καὶ δυσδιάγωγον μὲν ποιεῖ τὴν πόλιν ἡ πολυπληθία τῶν βαφείων, πλουσίαν δὲ διὰ τὴν τοιαύτην ἀνδρείαν.
It was also unfortunate in being captured by siege under Alexander;but it proved superior to such disasters and recovered itself both by its navigation, in which the Phoenicians in general are superior to all people of all times, and by its purple-dye works; for the Tyrian purple is by far established as the finest of all; and the fishing for the shellfish is near at hand, and other things suitable for dyeing are easily obtained; and although the great number of dye-works makes the city unpleasant to live in, it makes it rich through such industry.
οὐχ ὑπὸ τῶν βασιλέων δʼ ἐκρίθησαν αὐτόνομοι μόνον μικρὰ ἀναλώσαντες, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν Ῥωμαίων βεβαιωσάντων τὴν ἐκείνων γνώμην.
And they were declared autonomous not only by the kings, having spent but little, but also by the Romans who confirmed the kings' decision.
τιμᾶται δὲ καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν Ἡρακλῆς ὑπʼ αὐτῶν.
And Heracles is honored by them to excess.
τῆς δὲ περὶ τὰς ναυστολίας δυνάμεως τὸ πλῆθος καὶ τὸ μέγεθος τῶν ἀποικίδων ἐστὶ πόλεων τεκμήριον· οὗτοι μὲν οὖν τοιοῦτοι.
Of their power in navigation, the number and size of their colonies is a proof; such, then, are these people.