§14.2.5ἡ δὲ τῶν Ῥοδίων πόλις κεῖται μὲν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἑωθινοῦ ἀκρωτηρίου, λιμέσι δὲ καὶ ὁδοῖς καὶ τείχεσι καὶ τῇ ἄλλῃ κατασκευῇ τοσοῦτον διαφέρει τῶν ἄλλων ὥστʼ οὐκ ἔχομεν εἰπεῖν ἑτέραν ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ πάρισον, μή τί γε κρείττω ταύτης τῆς πόλεως.
The city of the Rhodians lies on the eastern promontory, and in its harbors, roads, walls, and other equipment, it is so superior to the others that we cannot name any other city that is equal to it, much less any that is better.
θαυμαστὴ δὲ καὶ ἡ εὐνομία καὶ ἡ ἐπιμέλεια πρός τε τὴν ἄλλην πολιτείαν καὶ τὴν περὶ τὰ ναυτικά, ἀφʼ ἧς ἐθαλαττοκράτησε πολὺν χρόνον καὶ τὰ λῃστήρια καθεῖλε καὶ Ῥωμαίοις ἐγένετο φίλη καὶ τῶν βασιλέων τοῖς φιλορωμαίοις τε καὶ φιλέλλησιν·
Their good government and their care both for their general administration and for their naval affairs are also wonderful, by which they maintained the dominion of the sea for a long time, suppressed piracy, and became friends with the Romans and with those of the kings who were friends of the Romans and of the Greeks.
ἀφʼ ὧν αὐτόνομός τε διετέλεσε καὶ πολλοῖς ἀναθήμασιν ἐκοσμήθη, ἃ κεῖται τὰ μὲν πλεῖστα ἐν τῷ Διονυσίῳ καὶ τῷ γυμνασίῳ, ἄλλα δʼ ἐν ἄλλοις τόποις.
From these resources they remained autonomous and were adorned with many votive offerings, most of which are placed in the Dionysium and the gymnasium, and others in other places.
ἄριστα δὲ ὅ τε τοῦ Ἡλίου κολοσσός, ὅν φησιν ὁ ποιήσας τὸ ἰαμβεῖον ὅτι
"
ἑπτάκις δέκα
Χάρης ἐποίει πηχέων ὁ Λίνδιος.
The best of these is the Colossus of the Sun, of which the author of the iambic verse says: "Chares of Lindos made it seventy cubits high.
"
κεῖται δὲ νῦν ὑπὸ σεισμοῦ πεσὼν περικλασθεὶς ἀπὸ τῶν γονάτων· οὐκ ἀνέστησαν δʼ αὐτὸν κατά τι λόγιον.
"It now lies on the ground, having been thrown down by an earthquake and broken off at the knees; and they did not raise it up again, in accordance with a certain oracle.
τοῦτό τε δὴ τῶν ἀναθημάτων κράτιστον (τῶν γοῦν ἑπτὰ θεαμάτων ὁμολογεῖται) καὶ αἱ τοῦ Πρωτογένους γραφαί, ὅ τε Ἰάλυσος καὶ ὁ Σάτυρος παρεστὼς στύλῳ, ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ στύλῳ πέρδιξ ἐφειστήκει, πρὸς ὃν οὕτως ἐκεχήνεσαν ὡς ἔοικεν οἱ ἄνθρωποι νεωστὶ ἀνακειμένου τοῦ πίνακος, ὥστʼ ἐκεῖνον ἐθαύμαζον, ὁ δὲ Σάτυρος παρεωρᾶτο καίτοι σφόδρα κατωρθωμένος·
This is indeed the finest of the votive offerings (at any rate, it is agreed to be one of the seven wonders), as are also the paintings of Protogenes, namely the Ialysos and the Satyr standing by a pillar. On top of the pillar a partridge had been painted, at which people stared, as it seems, when the picture was first exhibited, so that they admired it, while the Satyr, although exceedingly well executed, was overlooked.
ἐξέπληττον δʼ ἔτι μᾶλλον οἱ περδικοτρόφοι κομίζοντες τοὺς τιθασοὺς καὶ τιθέντες καταντικρύ· ἐφθέγγοντο γὰρ πρὸς τὴν γραφὴν οἱ πέρδικες καὶ ὠχλαγώγουν.
The partridge-breeders were still more astonished when they brought their tame partridges and placed them opposite; for the partridges chirped at the painting and attracted a crowd.
ὁρῶν δὲ ὁ Πρωτογένης τὸ ἔργον πάρεργον γεγονὸς ἐδεήθη τῶν τοῦ τεμένους προεστώτων ἐπιτρέψαι παρελθόντα ἐξαλεῖψαι τὸν ὄρνιν καὶ ἐποίησε.
But Protogenes, seeing that his main work had become a mere accessory, begged the administrators of the sacred precinct to permit him to go in and efface the bird, which he did.
δημοκηδεῖς δʼ εἰσὶν οἱ Ῥόδιοι καίπερ οὐ δημοκρατούμενοι, συνέχειν δʼ ὅμως βουλόμενοι τὸ τῶν πενήτων πλῆθος.
The Rhodians are attentive to the welfare of the people, although they are not under a democracy, wishing nevertheless to hold together the multitude of the poor.
σιταρχεῖται δὴ ὁ δῆμος καὶ οἱ εὔποροι τοὺς ἐνδεεῖς ὑπολαμβάνουσιν ἔθει τινὶ πατρίῳ, λειτουργίαι τέ τινές εἰσιν ὀψωνιζόμεναι, ὥσθʼ ἅμα τόν τε πένητα ἔχειν τὴν διατροφὴν καὶ τὴν πόλιν τῶν χρειῶν μὴ καθυστερεῖν καὶ μάλιστα πρὸς τὰς ναυστολίας.
Thus, the people are supplied with grain, and the wealthy support the needy in accordance with an ancestral custom. There are also certain public services with pay, so that the poor man has his livelihood and at the same time the city does not fall short in its needs, especially for its naval expeditions.
τῶν δὲ ναυστάθμων τινὰ καὶ κρυπτὰ ἦν καὶ ἀπόρρητα τοῖς πολλοῖς, τῷ δὲ κατοπτεύσαντι ἢ παρελθόντι εἴσω θάνατος ὥριστο ἡ ζημία.
Some of the dockyards were kept secret and forbidden to the general public, and death was appointed as the penalty for anyone who pried into them or entered them.
κἀνταῦθα δὲ ὥσπερ ἐν Μασσαλίᾳ καὶ Κυζίκῳ τὰ περὶ τοὺς ἀρχιτέκτονας καὶ τὰς ὀργανοποιίας καὶ θησαυροὺς ὅπλων τε καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἐσπούδασται διαφερόντως, καὶ ἔτι γε τῶν παρʼ ἄλλοις μᾶλλον.
And there, just as in Massalia and Cyzicus, matters concerning architects, the building of engines, and the storehouses of arms and other supplies are cared for with exceptional zeal, and even more so than in other places.
§14.2.6Δωριεῖς δʼ εἰσὶν ὥσπερ καὶ Ἁλικαρνασεῖς καὶ Κνίδιοι καὶ Κῷοι.
They are Dorians, as are also the Halicarnassians, the Cnidians, and the Coans.
οἱ γὰρ Δωριεῖς οἱ τὰ Μέγαρα κτίσαντες μετὰ τὴν Κόδρου τελευτὴν οἱ μὲν ἔμειναν αὐτόθι, οἱ δὲ σὺν Ἀλθαιμένει τῷ Ἀργείῳ τῆς εἰς Κρήτην ἀποικίας ἐκοινώνησαν, οἱ δʼ εἰς τὴν Ῥόδον καὶ τὰς λεχθείσας ἀρτίως πόλεις ἐμερίσθησαν.
For of the Dorians who founded Megara after the death of Codrus, some remained there, others shared in the colony to Crete under Althaemenes the Argive, and others were distributed to Rhodes and the cities just mentioned.
ταῦτα δὲ νεώτερα τῶν ὑφʼ Ὁμήρου λεγομένων ἐστί· Κνίδος μὲν γὰρ καὶ Ἁλικαρνασὸς οὐδʼ ἦν πω, Ῥόδος δʼ ἦν καὶ Κῶς, ἀλλʼ ᾠκεῖτο ὑφʼ Ἡρακλειδῶν.
But these events are more recent than those mentioned by Homer; for Cnidus and Halicarnassus did not even exist yet, while Rhodes and Cos did exist, but were inhabited by Heracleidae.
Τληπόλεμος μὲν οὖν ἀνδρωθεὶς
"
αὐτίκα πατρὸς ἑοῖο φίλον μήτρωα κατέκτα
ἤδη γηράσκοντα, Λικύμνιον.
Now Tlepolemus, when he had grown to manhood, "straightway slew his father's own dear uncle, already growing old, Licymnius.
αἶψα δὲ νῆας ἔπηξε, πολὺν δʼ ὅγε λαὸν ἀγείρας
βῆ φεύγων.
And quickly he built ships, and having gathered many people, he fled.
"
εἶτά φησιν
"
εἰς Ῥόδον ἷξεν ἀλώμενος,
τριχθὰ δὲ ᾤκηθεν καταφυλαδόν.
"And then the poet says: "He came to Rhodes in his wanderings, and they settled in three divisions, by tribes.
"
καὶ τὰς πόλεις ὀνομάζει τὰς τότε
"
Λίνδον Ἰηλυσόν τε καὶ ἀργινόεντα Κάμειρον,
"
τῆς Ῥοδίων πόλεως οὔπω συνῳκισμένης.
"And he names the cities of that time, "Lindos, Ialysos, and chalky Cameiros, "since the city of the Rhodians was not yet unified.
οὐδαμοῦ δὴ ἐνταῦθα Δωριέας ὀνομάζει, ἀλλʼ εἰ ἄρα Αἰολέας ἐμφαίνει καὶ Βοιωτούς, εἴπερ ἐκεῖ ἡ κατοικία τοῦ Ἡρακλέους καὶ τοῦ Λικυμνίου·
He nowhere mentions Dorians here, but if indeed he implies Aeolians and Boeotians, since the habitation of Heracles and Licymnius was there.
εἰ δʼ ὥσπερ καὶ ἄλλοι φασίν, ἐξ Ἄργους καὶ Τίρυνθος ἀπῆρεν ὁ Τληπόλεμος, οὐδʼ οὕτω Δωρικὴ γίνεται ἡ ἐκεῖθεν ἀποικία· πρὸ γὰρ τῆς Ἡρακλειδῶν καθόδου γεγένηται.
And if, as others say, Tlepolemus set out from Argos and Tiryns, not even so does the colony from there become Dorian; for it took place before the return of the Heracleidae.
καὶ τῶν Κῴων δὲ
"
Φείδιππός τε καὶ Ἄντιφος ἡγησάσθην,
Θεσσαλοῦ υἷε δύω Ἡρακλείδαο ἄνακτος,
"
καὶ οὗτοι τὸ Αἰολικὸν μᾶλλον ἢ τὸ Δωρικὸν γένος ἐμφαίνοντες.
And of the Coans too, "Pheidippus and Antiphus led, two sons of Thessalus, the Heracleid king, "these also indicating the Aeolian rather than the Dorian race.