§13.1.25εἰκάζει δὲ Πλάτων μετὰ τοὺς κατακλυσμοὺς τρία πολιτείας εἴδη συνίστασθαι· πρῶτον μὲν τὸ ἐπὶ τὰς ἀκρωρείας ἁπλοῦν τι καὶ ἄγριον, δεδιότων τὰ ὕδατα ἐπιπολάζοντα ἀκμὴν ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις· δεύτερον δὲ τὸ ἐν ταῖς ὑπωρείαις, θαρρούντων ἤδη κατὰ μικρόν, ἅτε δὴ καὶ τῶν πεδίων ἀρχομένων ἀναψύχεσθαι·
Plato supposes that after the deluges three kinds of constitution are established: first, the simple and rather wild kind on the mountain-peaks, of those who fear the waters still flooding in the plains; second, the one on the foothills, of those who are already gradually taking courage, inasmuch as the plains are also beginning to dry up; and third, the one in the plains.
τρίτον δὲ τὸ ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις. λέγοι δʼ ἄν τις καὶ τέταρτον καὶ πέμπτον ἴσως καὶ πλείω, ὕστατον δὲ τὸ ἐν τῇ παραλίᾳ καὶ ἐν ταῖς νήσοις, λελυμένου παντὸς τοῦ τοιούτου φόβου.
And one might perhaps speak of a fourth and a fifth, and even more, but last is the one on the coast and on the islands, when all such fear has been dispelled.
τὸ γὰρ μᾶλλον καὶ ἧττον θαρρεῖν πλησιάζειν τῇ θαλάττῃ πλείους ἂν ὑπογράφοι διαφορὰς πολιτειῶν καὶ ἠθῶν, καθάπερ τῶν ἀγαθῶν τε καὶ τῶν ἀγρίων ἔτι πως ἐπὶ τὸ ἥμερον τῶν δευτέρων ὑποβεβηκότων.
For the greater or lesser courage to approach the sea would sketch out more differences of constitutions and characters, just as the second group has already in a way descended from the good and still somewhat wild state towards a civilized one.
ἔστι δέ τις διαφορὰ καὶ παρὰ τούτοις τῶν ἀγροίκων καὶ μεσαγροίκων καὶ πολιτικῶν· ἀφʼ ὧν ἤδη καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ ἀστεῖον καὶ ἄριστον ἦθος ἐτελεύτησεν ἡ τῶν ὀνομάτων κατʼ ὀλίγον μετάληψις, κατὰ τὴν τῶν ἠθῶν ἐπὶ τὸ κρεῖττον μετάστασιν, παρὰ τὰς τῶν τόπων καὶ τῶν βίων μεταβολάς.
And even among these there is a certain difference between the rustic, the semi-rustic, and the civic; from which starting points, in accordance with the transition of characters for the better, the gradual shift of names also finally ended in the refined and best character, parallel to the changes of places and modes of life.
ταύτας δὴ τὰς διαφορὰς ὑπογράφειν φησὶ τὸν ποιητὴν ὁ Πλάτων, τῆς μὲν πρώτης πολιτείας παράδειγμα τιθέντα τὸν τῶν Κυκλώπων βίον, αὐτοφυεῖς νεμομένων καρποὺς καὶ τὰς ἀκρωρείας κατεχόντων ἐν σπηλαίοις τισίν· "
ἀλλὰ τά γʼ ἄσπαρτα καὶ ἀνήροτα πάντα φύονται,
"
φησίν, αὐτοῖς· "
τοῖσιν δʼ οὐκ ἀγοραὶ βουληφόροι, οὔτε θέμιστες· ἀλλʼ οἵ γʼ ὑψηλῶν ὀρέων ναίουσι κάρηνα
ἐν σπέσσι γλαφυροῖσι, θεμιστεύει δὲ ἕκαστος
παίδων ἠδʼ ἀλόχων. "
τοῦ δὲ δευτέρου τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ Δαρδάνου
"
κτίσσε δὲ Δαρδανίην, ἐπεὶ οὔπω Ἴλιος ἱρὴ
ἐν πεδίῳ πεπόλιστο, πόλις μερόπων ἀνθρώπων,
ἀλλʼ ἔθʼ ὑπωρείας ᾤκεον πολυπιδάκου Ἴδης
"
τοῦ δὲ τρίτου ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἴλου τὸν ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις. τοῦτον γὰρ παραδιδόασι τοῦ Ἰλίου κτίστην, ἀφʼ οὗ καὶ τὴν ἐπωνυμίαν λαβεῖν τὴν πόλιν·
Plato says that the poet sketches these differences, setting as an example of the first constitution the life of the Cyclopes, who feed on self-growing fruits and occupy the mountain-peaks in certain caves: "but all things grow unsown and unplowed for them," he says, for them; "and they have no assemblies for council, nor laws; but they dwell on the peaks of high mountains in hollow caves, and each one declares the law to his children and wives." And of the second, the one in the time of Dardanus: "And he founded Dardania, since sacred Ilium had not yet been built in the plain, a city of mortal men, but they still dwelt on the foothills of many-fountained Ida." And of the third, the one in the plains in the time of Ilus; for they hand down that this man was the founder of Ilium, from whom the city also received its name.
εἰκὸς δὲ καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐν μέσῳ τῷ πεδίῳ τεθάφθαι αὐτόν, ὅτι πρῶτος ἐθάρρησεν ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις θέσθαι τὴν κατοικίαν
"
οἱ δὲ παρʼ Ἴλου σῆμα παλαιοῦ Δαρδανίδαο
μέσσον κὰπ πεδίον παρʼ ἐρινεὸν ἐσσεύοντο. "
οὐδʼ οὗτος δὲ τελέως ἐθάρρησεν· οὐ γὰρ ἐνταῦθα ἵδρυσε τὴν πόλιν ὅπου νῦν ἔστιν, ἀλλὰ σχεδόν τι τριάκοντα σταδίοις ἀνωτέρω πρὸς ἕω καὶ πρὸς τὴν Ἴδην καὶ τὴν Δαρδανίαν κατὰ τὴν νῦν καλουμένην Ἰλιέων κώμην.
And it is reasonable that because of this he was buried in the middle of the plain, because he was the first who dared to establish his habitation in the plains: "And they rushed past the tomb of ancient Ilus, son of Dardanus, through the middle of the plain past the wild fig-tree." But not even he took courage completely; for he did not establish the city here where it is now, but about thirty stadia higher up towards the east and towards Ida and Dardania, near what is now called the Village of the Ilians.
οἱ δὲ νῦν Ἰλιεῖς φιλοδοξοῦντες καὶ θέλοντες εἶναι ταύτην τὴν παλαιὰν παρεσχήκασι λόγον τοῖς ἐκ τῆς Ὁμήρου ποιήσεως τεκμαιρομένοις· οὐ γὰρ ἔοικεν αὕτη εἶναι ἡ καθʼ Ὅμηρον.
But the present Ilians, loving glory and wishing this to be that ancient city, have provided an argument for those who base their inferences on the poetry of Homer; for this does not seem to be the one in Homer's time.
καὶ ἄλλοι δὲ ἱστοροῦσι πλείους μεταβεβληκέναι τόπους τὴν πόλιν, ὕστατα δʼ ἐνταῦθα συμμεῖναι κατὰ Κροῖσον μάλιστα.
And many others also report that the city changed places several times, and finally remained together here, chiefly in the time of Croesus.
τὰς δὴ τοιαύτας μεταβάσεις εἰς τὰ κάτω μέρη τὰς τότε συμβαινούσας ὑπολαμβάνω καὶ βίων καὶ πολιτειῶν ὑπογράφειν διαφοράς.
Now these transitions to the lower places which happened at that time, I suppose, also sketch out the differences of lives and constitutions.
ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν καὶ ἄλλοτε ἐπισκεπτέον.
But these matters must be examined at another time as well.