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Strabo · Geography §12.8.8-12.8.10

Mount Olympus and the Career of Cleon the Brigand

Passage 400 of 577 · Greek

Summary

The author outlines the geographical positions of Mounts Olympus and Ida, relates the career and dramatic end of the robber-chieftain Cleon who ruled Olympus, and details the surrounding tribes and lakes.

§12.8.8ἔστι τοίνυν ὄρη δύο ὑπερκείμενα τῆς Προποντίδος ὅ τε Ὄλυμπος ὁ Μύσιος καὶ ἡ Ἴδη.
Now there are two mountains rising above the Propontis, the Mysian Olympus and Ida.
τῷ μὲν οὖν Ὀλύμπῳ τὰ τῶν Βιθυνῶν ὑποπέπτωκε, τῆς δὲ Ἴδης μεταξὺ καὶ τῆς θαλάττης ἡ Τροία κεῖται συνάπτουσα τῷ ὄρει·
Below Olympus, then, lies the territory of the Bithynians, and between Ida and the sea lies Troy, bordering on the mountain.
περὶ μὲν οὖν ταύτης ἐροῦμεν ὕστερον καὶ τῶν συνεχῶν αὐτῇ πρὸς νότον, νῦν δὲ περὶ τῶν Ὀλυμπηνῶν καὶ τῶν ἐφεξῆς μέχρι τοῦ Ταύρου παραλλήλων τοῖς προεφωδευμένοις λέγωμεν.
About Troy, therefore, we shall speak later, and about the regions contiguous to it to the south; but now let us speak of the inhabitants of Olympus and the regions next in order as far as the Taurus, which run parallel to those already traversed.
ἔστι τοίνυν ὁ Ὄλυμπος κύκλῳ μὲν εὖ συνοικούμενος, ἐν δὲ τοῖς ὕψεσι δρυμοὺς ἐξαισίους ἔχων καὶ λῃστήρια δυναμένους ἐκτρέφειν τόπους εὐερκεῖς, ἐν οἷς καὶ τύραννοι συνίστανται πολλάκις δυνάμενοι συμμεῖναι πολὺν χρόνον, καθάπερ Κλέων ὁ καθʼ ἡμᾶς τῶν λῃστηρίων ἡγεμών.
Olympus, then, is well inhabited all around, but in its heights it has extraordinary forests and well-fortified places capable of maintaining bands of robbers, where even tyrants often establish themselves and are able to hold out for a long time, just as Cleon, the leader of the bands of robbers in our time, did.
§12.8.9οὗτος δʼ ἦν μὲν ἐκ Γορδίου κώμης, ἣν ὕστερον αὐξήσας ἐποίησε πόλιν καὶ προσηγόρευσεν Ἰουλιόπολιν· λῃστηρίῳ δʼ ἐχρῆτο καὶ ὁρμητηρίῳ κατʼ ἀρχὰς τῷ καρτερωτάτῳ τῶν χωρίων ὄνομα Καλλυδίῳ.
This man was from the village of Gordium, which he afterwards enlarged, made into a city, and called Iuliopolis; and at first he used as his stronghold and base of operations for his robbery the strongest of the strongholds, named Kallydion.
ὑπῆρξε δʼ Ἀντωνίῳ μὲν χρήσιμος ἐπελθὼν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀργυρολογοῦντας Λαβιηνῷ καθʼ ὃν χρόνον ἐκεῖνος τὴν Ἀσίαν κατέσχε, καὶ κωλύσας τὰς παρασκευάς· ἐν δὲ τοῖς Ἀκτιακοῖς ἀποστὰς Ἀντωνίου τοῖς Καίσαρος προσέθετο στρατηγοῖς, καὶ ἐτιμήθη πλέον ἢ κατʼ ἀξίαν προσλαβὼν τοῖς παρʼ Ἀντωνίου δοθεῖσι καὶ τὰ παρὰ τοῦ Καίσαρος, ὥστʼ ἀντὶ λῃστοῦ δυνάστου περιέκειτο σχῆμα, ἱερεὺς μὲν ὢν τοῦ Ἀβρεττηνοῦ Διός, Μυσίου θεοῦ, μέρος δʼ ἔχων ὑπήκοον τῆς Μωρηνῆς (Μυσία δέ ἐστι καὶ αὕτη, καθάπερ ἡ Ἀβρεττηνή), λαβὼν δὲ ὕστατα καὶ τὴν ἐν τῷ Πόντῳ τῶν Κομάνων ἱερωσύνην, εἰς ἣν κατελθὼν ἐντὸς μηνιαίου χρόνου κατέστρεψε τὸν βίον· νόσος δʼ ἐξήγαγεν αὐτὸν ὀξεῖα, εἴτʼ ἄλλως ἐπιπεσοῦσα ἐκ τῆς ἅδην πλησμονῆς εἴθʼ, ὡς ἔφασαν οἱ περὶ τὸ ἱερόν, κατὰ μῆνιν τῆς θεοῦ·
And he became useful to Antony by attacking those who were collecting money for Labienus at the time when the latter occupied Asia, and by hindering their preparations; but in the Actian war, having revolted from Antony, he attached himself to the generals of Caesar, and was honored beyond his desert, receiving in addition to what had been given by Antony also the gifts from Caesar, so that instead of a robber he assumed the status of a dynast, being priest of Abrettenian Zeus, a Mysian god, and holding a portion of Morene as subject to him (this also is Mysia, just as Abrettene is), and finally receiving also the priesthood of Comana in Pontus, where, having gone down, he ended his life within the space of a month; for an acute disease carried him off, whether attacking him casually from his excessive surfeit, or, as those about the temple said, through the wrath of the goddess.
ἐν γὰρ τῷ περιβόλῳ τοῦ τεμένους ἡ οἴκησίς ἐστιν ἥ τε τοῦ ἱερέως καὶ τῆς ἱερείας, τὸ δὲ τέμενος χωρὶς τῆς ἄλλης ἁγιστείας διαφανέστατα τῆς τῶν ὑείων κρεῶν βρώσεως καθαρεύει, ὅπου γε καὶ ἡ ὅλη πόλις, οὐδʼ εἰσάγεται εἰς αὐτὴν ὗς· ὁ δʼ ἐν τοῖς πρώτοις τὸ λῃστρικὸν ἦθος ἐπεδείξατο εὐθὺς κατὰ τὴν πρώτην εἴσοδον τῇ παραβάσει τούτου τοῦ ἔθους ὥσπερ οὐχ ἱερεὺς εἰσεληλυθὼς ἀλλὰ διαφθορεὺς τῶν ἱερῶν.
For the dwelling both of the priest and of the priestess is within the precinct of the sacred enclosure, and the precinct, apart from its other ritual purity, is most conspicuously clean from the eating of swine's flesh, and indeed the whole city is so, and no swine is even brought into it; but he, among his first acts, displayed his robber-like character immediately upon his first entrance by violating this custom, as though he had entered not as a priest but as a destroyer of the sacred things.
§12.8.10ὁ μὲν δὴ Ὄλυμπος τοιόσδε, περιοικεῖται δὲ πρὸς ἄρκτον μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν Βιθυνῶν καὶ Μυγδόνων καὶ Δολιόνων, τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν ἔχουσι Μυσοὶ καὶ Ἐπίκτητοι.
Olympus, then, is of this character, and it is inhabited around on the north by the Bithynians, the Mygdones, and the Doliones, while the rest is occupied by the Mysians and the Epicteti.
Δολίονας μὲν οὖν μάλιστα καλοῦσι τοὺς περὶ Κύζικον ἀπὸ Αἰσήπου ἕως Ῥυνδάκου καὶ τῆς Δασκυλίτιδος λίμνης, Μυγδόνας δὲ τοὺς ἐφεξῆς τούτοις μέχρι τῆς Μυρλειανῶν χώρας· ὑπέρκεινται δὲ τῆς Δασκυλίτιδος ἄλλαι δύο λίμναι μεγάλαι ἥ τε Ἀπολλωνιᾶτις ἥ τε Μιλητοπολῖτις· πρὸς μὲν οὖν τῇ Δασκυλίτιδι Δασκύλιον πόλις, πρὸς δὲ τῇ Μιλητοπολίτιδι Μιλητούπολις, πρὸς δὲ τῇ τρίτῃ Ἀπολλωνία ἡ ἐπὶ Ῥυνδάκῳ λεγομένη· τὰ πλεῖστα δὲ τούτων ἐστὶ Κυζικηνῶν νυνί.
Now they call Doliones especially those around Cyzicus from the Aesepus to the Rhyndacus and the lake Daskylitis, and Mygdones those next to these as far as the country of the Myrleans; and above Daskylitis lie two other large lakes, the Apolloniatis and the Miletopolitis; near Daskylitis, indeed, is the city Daskylium, near the Miletopolitis is Miletopolis, and near the third is Apollonia, which is called "on the Rhyndacus"; and most of these places belong to the Cyzicenes at the present time.

Notes

  1. §12.8.8παραλλήλων — A genitive plural adjective modifying the preceding phrase 'τῶν ἐφεξῆς [τόπων]' (the regions next in order). The adjective 'παράλληλος' governs the dative ('τοῖς προεφωδευμένοις', those already traversed), meaning 'running parallel to the regions already traversed.'
  2. §12.8.9ἐκεῖνος — The demonstrative pronoun refers back to Labienus ('Λαβιηνῷ') rather than the more immediate Antony ('Ἀντωνίῳ'), specifying the historical period when Labienus held Asia Minor.
  3. §12.8.9ὅπου γε καὶ ἡ ὅλη πόλις — The relative adverb 'ὅπου' with the particle 'γε' introduces a supporting fact for the purity of the precinct. The verb 'καθαρεύει' (is clean) is omitted in the clause 'ἡ ὅλη πόλις', which should be supplied to mean 'where indeed even the whole city is clean [from this practice].'

Cite this passage

Strabo, Geography §12.8.8-12.8.10. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:12.8.8-12.8.10

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