§12.8.1τοῖς δὲ Βιθυνοῖς ὁμοροῦσι πρὸς νότον, ὡς ἔφην, οἱ περὶ τὸν Ὄλυμπον τὸν Μύσιον προσαγορευόμενον Μυσοί τε καὶ Φρύγες· ἑκάτερον δὲ τὸ ἔθνος διττόν ἐστι.
Bordering on the Bithynians to the south, as I have said, are the Mysians and Phrygians who live around the mountain called the Mysian Olympus; and each of these two nations is double.
Φρυγία τε γὰρ ἡ μὲν καλεῖται μεγάλη, ἧς ὁ Μίδας ἐβασίλευσε καὶ ἧς μέρος οἱ Γαλάται κατέσχον, ἡ δὲ μικρὰ ἡ ἐφʼ Ἑλλησπόντῳ καὶ ἡ περὶ τὸν Ὄλυμπον ἡ καὶ Ἐπίκτητος λεγομένη.
For as for Phrygia, one part is called Great Phrygia, over which Midas reigned and a part of which the Galatians occupied, while the other is called Little Phrygia, which is on the Hellespont and around Olympus, which is also called Epictetus.
Μυσία τε ὁμοίως ἥ τε Ὀλυμπηνὴ συνεχὴς οὖσα τῇ Βιθυνίᾳ καὶ τῇ Ἐπικτήτῳ, ἣν ἔφη Ἀρτεμίδωρος ἀπὸ τῶν πέραν Ἴστρου Μυσῶν ἀπῳκίσθαι, καὶ ἡ περὶ τὸν Κάικον καὶ τὴν Περγαμηνὴν μέχρι Τευθρανίας καὶ τῶν ἐκβολῶν τοῦ ποταμοῦ.
Mysia is likewise double, one part being Olympene, which is continuous with Bithynia and Epictetus, and which Artemidorus said was colonized by the Mysians from beyond the Ister, and the other being the region around the Caicus and the Pergamene territory as far as Teuthrania and the mouths of the river.
§12.8.2οὕτω δʼ ἐνήλλακται ταῦτα ἐν ἀλλήλοις, ὡς πολλάκις λέγομεν, ὥστε καὶ τὴν περὶ Σίπυλον Φρυγίαν οἱ παλαιοὶ καλοῦσιν, ἄδηλον εἴτε τῆς μεγάλης εἴτε τῆς μικρᾶς μέρος οὖσαν, ᾗ καὶ τὸν Τάνταλον Φρύγα καὶ τὸν Πέλοπα καὶ τὴν Νιόβην·
These places are so intermingled with one another, as we often say, that the ancients even called the region around Sipylus Phrygia, though it is unclear whether it was a part of Great or Little Phrygia, in which region they also call Tantalus, Pelops, and Niobe Phrygians.
ὁποτέρως δʼ ἂν ἔχῃ, ἥ γε ἐπάλλαξις φανερά.
Whichever of the two it may be, the intermingling is at any rate manifest.
ἡ γὰρ Περγαμηνὴ καὶ ἡ Ἐλαῗτις, καθʼ ἣν ὁ Κάικος ἐκπίπτει, καὶ ἡ μεταξὺ τούτων Τευθρανία, ἐν ᾗ Τεύθρας καὶ ἡ τοῦ Τηλέφου ἐκτροφή, ἀνὰ μέσον ἐστὶ τοῦ τε Ἑλλησπόντου καὶ τῆς περὶ Σίπυλον καὶ Μαγνησίαν τὴν ὑπʼ αὐτῷ χώρας· ὥσθʼ ὅπερ ἔφην ἔργον διορίσαι
"
χωρὶς τὰ Μυσῶν καὶ Φρυγῶν ὁρίσματα
" §12.8.3καὶ οἱ Λυδοὶ καὶ οἱ Μαίονες, οὓς Ὅμηρος καλεῖ Μῄονας, ἐν συγχύσει πώς εἰσι καὶ πρὸς τούτους καὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους, ὅτι οἱ μὲν τοὺς αὐτοὺς οἱ δʼ ἑτέρους φασί·
For the Pergamene territory and Elaitis, where the Caicus empties, and Teuthrania between them, in which Teuthras lived and where Telephus was brought up, lie midway between the Hellespont and the territory around Sipylus and Magnesia at its foot; so that, as I said, it is a difficult task to distinguish and say: "χωρὶς τὰ Μυσῶν καὶ Φρυγῶν ὁρίσματα "And the Lydians and the Maeonians, whom Homer calls Meonians, are in a way confused both with these peoples and with each other, because some say they are the same and others say they are different.
πρὸς δὲ τούτους, ὅτι τοὺς Μυσοὺς οἱ μὲν Θρᾷκας οἱ δὲ Λυδοὺς εἰρήκασι, κατʼ αἰτίαν παλαιὰν ἱστοροῦντες, ἣν Ξάνθος ὁ Λυδὸς γράφει καὶ Μενεκράτης ὁ Ἐλαΐτης, ἐτυμολογοῦντες καὶ τὸ ὄνομα τὸ τῶν Μυσῶν ὅτι τὴν ὀξύην οὕτως ὀνομάζουσιν οἱ Λυδοί·
And with respect to these (the Mysians), some have called the Mysians Thracians and others Lydians, relating an ancient cause which Xanthus the Lydian and Menecrates of Elaea record, explaining the etymology of the name of the Mysians by saying that the Lydians call the beech tree by this name.
πολλὴ δʼ ἡ ὀξύη κατὰ τὸν Ὄλυμπον, ὅπου ἐκτεθῆναί φασι τοὺς δεκατευθέντας, ἐκείνων δὲ ἀπογόνους εἶναι τοὺς ὕστερον Μυσούς, ἀπὸ τῆς ὀξύης οὕτω προσαγορευθέντας·
The beech tree grows in abundance around Olympus, where they say those who had been dedicated as a tenth were exposed, and that the later Mysians were descendants of those people, being so named after the beech tree.
μαρτυρεῖν δὲ καὶ τὴν διάλεκτον· μιξολύδιον γάρ πως εἶναι καὶ μιξοφρύγιον·
They say that their dialect also bears witness to this; for it is in a way half-Lydian and half-Phrygian.
τέως μὲν γὰρ οἰκεῖν αὐτοὺς περὶ τὸν Ὄλυμπον, τῶν δὲ Φρυγῶν ἐκ τῆς Θρᾴκης περαιωθέντων ελόντων τε τῆς Τροίας ἄρχοντα καὶ τῆς πλησίον γῆς, ἐκείνους μὲν ἐνταῦθα οἰκῆσαι τοὺς δὲ Μυσοὺς ὑπὲρ τὰς τοῦ Καΐκου πηγὰς πλησίον Λυδῶν.
For a time they lived around Olympus, but when the Phrygians crossed over from Thrace and took the ruler of Troy and the neighboring land, the Phrygians settled there, while the Mysians settled above the sources of the Caicus near the Lydians.
§12.8.4συνεργεῖ δὲ πρὸς τὰς τοιαύτας μυθοποιίας ἥ τε σύγχυσις τῶν ἐνταῦθα ἐθνῶν καὶ ἡ εὐδαιμονία τῆς χώρας τῆς ἐντὸς Ἅλυος, μάλιστα δὲ τῆς παραλίας, διʼ ἣν ἐπιθέσεις ἐγένοντο αὐτῇ πολλαχόθεν καὶ διὰ παντὸς ἐκ τῆς περαίας, ἢ καὶ ἐπʼ ἀλλήλους ἰόντων τῶν ἐγγύς.
What contributes to such myth-making is both the ¦p.804 confusion of the nations in this region and the fertility of the country within the Halys, especially of the coast, because of which attacks were made upon it from all sides and continually from the opposite coast, or by those nearby when they went against one another.
μάλιστα μὲν οὖν κατὰ τὰ Τρωικὰ καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα τὰς ἐφόδους γενέσθαι καὶ τὰς μεταναστάσεις συνέβη, τῶν τε βαρβάρων ἅμα καὶ τῶν Ἑλλήνων ὁρμῇ τινι χρησαμένων πρὸς τὴν τῆς ἀλλοτρίας κατάκτησιν· ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸ τῶν Τρωικῶν ἦν ταῦτα.
It was especially around the time of the Trojan War and after it that the invasions and migrations took place, both the barbarians and the Greeks alike being impelled by a certain impulse to acquire the territory of others; but this was also the case before the Trojan War.
τό τε γὰρ τῶν Πελασγῶν ἦν φῦλον καὶ τὸ τῶν Καυκώνων καὶ Λελέγων· εἴρηται δʼ ὅτι πολλαχοῦ τῆς Εὐρώπης τὸ παλαιὸν ἐτύγχανε πλανώμενα, ἅπερ ποιεῖ τοῖς Τρωσὶ συμμαχοῦντα ὁ ποιητής, οὐκ ἐκ τῆς περαίας.
For there was the tribe of the Pelasgians, and that of the Cauconians and Leleges; and it has been said that they happened to be wandering in many parts of Europe in ancient times, whom the poet represents as allies of the Trojans, and not from the opposite coast.
τά τε περὶ τῶν Φρυγῶν καὶ τῶν Μυσῶν λεγόμενα πρεσβύτερα τῶν Τρωικῶν ἐστιν· οἱ δὲ διττοὶ Λύκιοι τοῦ αὐτοῦ γένους ὑπόνοιαν παρέχουσιν, ἢ τῶν Τρωικῶν ἢ τῶν πρὸς Καρίᾳ τοὺς ἑτέρους ἀποικισάντων.
Moreover, what is said about the Phrygians and the Mysians is older than the Trojan War; and the double Lycians suggest a suspicion of being of the same race, either those of the Trojan War or those near Caria having colonized the others.
τάχα δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν Κιλίκων τὸ αὐτὸ συνέβη· διττοὶ γὰρ καὶ οὗτοι· οὐ μὴν ἔχομέν γε τοιαύτην λαβεῖν μαρτυρίαν ὅτι καὶ πρὸ τῶν Τρωικῶν ἦσαν ἤδη οἱ νῦν Κίλικες· ὅ τε Τήλεφος ἐκ τῆς Ἀρκαδίας ἀφῖχθαι νομίζοιτʼ ἂν μετὰ τῆς μητρός, γάμῳ δὲ τῷ ταύτης ἐξοικειωσάμενος τὸν ὑποδεξάμενον αὐτὸν Τεύθραντα ἐνομίσθη τε ἐκείνου καὶ παρέλαβε τὴν Μυσῶν ἀρχήν.
Perhaps the same thing also happened in the case of the Cilicians; for these too are double; but we have no such evidence to show that even before the Trojan War the present Cilicians already existed; and Telephus would be thought to have come from Arcadia with his mother, and having become closely related by her marriage to Teuthras who received him, he was regarded as his son and succeeded to the rule of the Mysians.