§11.3.1καὶ δὴ ἥ γε Ἰβηρία κατοικεῖται καλῶς τὸ πλέον πόλεσί τε καὶ ἐποικίοις, ὥστε καὶ κεραμωτὰς εἶναι στέγας καὶ ἀρχιτεκτονικὴν τὴν τῶν οἰκήσεων κατασκευὴν καὶ ἀγορὰς καὶ τἆλλα κοινά.
And indeed, Iberia for the most part is well inhabited with cities and settlements, so that even their roofs are tiled, the construction of their dwellings is architectural, and there are marketplaces and other public places.
§11.3.2τῆς δὲ χώρας τὰ μὲν κύκλῳ τοῖς Καυκασίοις ὄρεσι περιέχεται· προπεπτώκασι γάρ, ὡς εἶπον, ἀγκῶνες ἐπὶ τὴν μεσημβρίαν εὔκαρποι, περιλαμβάνοντες τὴν σύμπασαν Ἰβηρίαν καὶ συνάπτοντες πρός τε τὴν Ἀρμενίαν καὶ τὴν Κολχίδα· ἐν μέσῳ δʼ ἐστὶ πεδίον ποταμοῖς διάρρυτον, μεγίστῳ δὲ τῷ Κύρῳ, ὃς τὴν ἀρχὴν ἔχων ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀρμενίας, εἰσβαλὼν εὐθὺς εἰς τὸ πεδίον τὸ λεχθέν, παραλαβὼν καὶ τὸν Ἄραγον ἐκ τοῦ Καυκάσου ῥέοντα καὶ ἄλλα ὕδατα διὰ στενῆς ποταμίας εἰς τὴν Ἀλβανίαν ἐκπίπτει· μεταξὺ δὲ ταύτης τε καὶ τῆς Ἀρμενίας ἐνεχθεὶς πολὺς διὰ πεδίων εὐβοτουμένων σφόδρα, δεξάμενος καὶ πλείους ποταμούς, ὧν ἐστιν ὅ τε Ἀλαζόνιος καὶ ὁ Σανδοβάνης καὶ ὁ Ῥοιτάκης καὶ Χάνης πλωτοὶ πάντες εἰς τὴν Κασπίαν ἐμβάλλει θάλατταν.
Of this country, the parts in a circle are surrounded by the Caucasian mountains; for, as I said, fertile spurs project toward the south, enclosing the whole of Iberia and connecting with both Armenia and Colchis; and in the middle is a plain watered by rivers, and especially by the Cyrus, which is the greatest, which, having its source in Armenia, entering immediately into the aforementioned plain, and receiving also the Aragus flowing from the Caucasus and other waters, empties through a narrow river-pass into Albania; and being carried with abundant water between Albania and Armenia through plains very rich in pasture, and having received still more rivers, among which are the Alazonius, the Sandobanes, the Rhoetaces, and the Chanes, all of them navigable, it empties into the Caspian Sea.
ἐκαλεῖτο δὲ πρότερον Κόρος.
It was formerly called the Corus.
§11.3.3τὸ μὲν οὖν πεδίον τῶν Ἰβήρων οἱ γεωργικώτεροι καὶ πρὸς εἰρήνην νενευκότες οἰκοῦσιν ἀρμενιστί τε καὶ μηδιστὶ ἐσκευασμένοι, τὴν δʼ ὀρεινὴν οἱ πλείους καὶ μάχιμοι κατέχουσι Σκυθῶν δίκην ζῶντες καὶ Σαρματῶν, ὧνπερ καὶ ὅμοροι καὶ συγγενεῖς εἰσιν· ἅπτονται δʼ ὅμως καὶ γεωργίας, πολλάς τε μυριάδας συνάγουσιν καὶ ἐξ ἑαυτῶν καὶ ἐξ ἐκείνων, ἐπειδάν τι συμπέσῃ θορυβῶδες.
Now, the more agricultural and peace-loving of the Iberians inhabit the plain, being equipped in the Armenian and Median fashion; but the mountainous country is occupied by the majority, who are warlike, living in the manner of the Scythians and Sarmatians, of whom they are both neighbors and kinsmen; nevertheless, they also engage in agriculture, and they assemble many tens of thousands of men both from themselves and from those peoples, whenever any disturbance arises.
§11.3.4τέτταρες δʼ εἰσὶν εἰς τὴν χώραν εἰσβολαί· μία μὲν διὰ Σαραπανῶν φρουρίου Κολχικοῦ καὶ τῶν κατʼ αὐτὸ στενῶν, διʼ ὧν ὁ Φᾶσις γεφύραις ἑκατὸν καὶ εἴκοσι περατὸς γινόμενος διὰ τὴν σκολιότητα καταρρεῖ τραχὺς καὶ βίαιος εἰς τὴν Κολχίδα, πολλοῖς χειμάρροις κατὰ τὰς ἐπομβρίας ἐκχαραδρουμένων τῶν τόπων.
And there are four passes into the country; one through Sarapana, a Colchian fortress, and the narrow pass near it, through which the Phasis, which is crossed by a hundred and twenty bridges because of its winding course, flows down rough and violent into Colchis, the region being hollowed into ravines by many torrents during heavy rains.
γεννᾶται δʼ ἐκ τῶν ὑπερκειμένων ὀρῶν πολλαῖς συμπληρούμενος πηγαῖς, ἐν δὲ τοῖς πεδίοις καὶ ἄλλους προσλαμβάνει ποταμούς, ὧν ἐστιν ὅ τε Γλαῦκος καὶ ὁ Ἵππος· πληρωθεὶς δὲ καὶ γενόμενος πλωτὸς ἐξίησιν εἰς τὸν Πόντον καὶ ἔχει πόλιν ὁμώνυμον ἐφʼ αὑτῷ καὶ λίμνην πλησίον.
It has its source in the mountains lying above, being filled by many springs, and in the plains it receives other rivers besides, among which are the Glaucus and the Hippus; and being thus filled and becoming navigable, it empties into the Pontus, and has a homonymous city upon its banks and a lake nearby.
ἡ μὲν οὖν ἐκ τῆς Κολχίδος εἰς τὴν Ἰβηρίαν ἐμβολὴ τοιαύτη, πέτραις καὶ ἐρύμασι καὶ ποταμοῖς χαραδρώδεσι διακεκλεισμένη.
Now, the pass from Colchis into Iberia is of this kind, being closed by rocks, fortresses, and torrent-like rivers.
§11.3.5ἐκ δὲ τῶν πρὸς ἄρκτον νομάδων ἐπὶ τρεῖς ἡμέρας ἀνάβασις χαλεπή, καὶ μετὰ ταύτην ποταμία στενὴ ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἀράγου ποταμοῦ τεττάρων ἡμερῶν ὁδὸν ἔχουσα ἐφʼ ἕνα, φρουρεῖ δὲ τὸ πέρας τῆς ὁδοῦ τεῖχος δύσμαχον· ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς Ἀλβανίας διὰ πέτρας πρῶτον λατομητὴ εἴσοδος, εἶτα διὰ τέλματος ὃ ποιεῖ ὁ ποταμὸς ἐκ τοῦ Καυκάσου καταπίπτων.
But from the nomads on the north there is a difficult ascent of three days, and after this a narrow river-valley along the river Aragus, having a road of four days' journey for a single person, and a wall difficult to capture guards the end of the road; and from Albania, there is first an entrance cut through rock, and then through a marsh which is formed by the river falling down from the Caucasus.
ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς Ἀρμενίας τὰ ἐπὶ τῷ Κύρῳ στενὰ καὶ τὰ ἐπὶ τῷ Ἀράγῳ· πρὶν γὰρ εἰς ἀλλήλους συμπεσεῖν, ἔχουσιν ἐπικειμένας πόλεις ἐρυμνὰς ἐπὶ πέτραις διεχούσαις ἀλλήλων ὅσον ἑκκαίδεκα σταδίους, ἐπὶ μὲν τῷ Κύρῳ τὴν Ἁρμοζικὴν ἐπὶ δὲ θατέρῳ Σευσάμορα.
And from Armenia are the narrow passes on the Cyrus and those on the Aragus; for before they fall into one another, they have fortified cities situated upon rocks that are about sixteen stadia apart from each other, namely, Harmozice on the Cyrus, and Seusamora on the other river.
ταύταις δὲ ἐχρήσατο ταῖς εἰσβολαῖς πρότερον Πομπήιος ἐκ τῶν Ἀρμενίων ὁρμηθείς, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα Κανίδιος.
Pompey used these passes first, having set out from the Armenians, and after him Canidius.
§11.3.6τέτταρα δὲ καὶ γένη τῶν ἀνθρώπων οἰκεῖ τὴν χώραν· ἓν μὲν καὶ πρῶτον ἐξ οὗ τοὺς βασιλέας καθιστᾶσι κατʼ ἀγχιστείαν τε καὶ ἡλικίαν τὸν πρεσβύτατον, ὁ δὲ δεύτερος δικαιοδοτεῖ καὶ στρατηλατεῖ.
And four classes of men inhabit the country; one, and the first, from which they appoint their kings, according to kinship and age, the eldest becoming king, while the second in rank administers justice and commands the army.
δεύτερον δὲ τὸ τῶν ἱερέων οἳ ἐπιμελοῦνται καὶ τῶν πρὸς τοὺς ὁμόρους δικαίων.
The second is that of the priests, who also attend to matters of justice with their neighbors.
τρίτον δὲ τὸ τῶν στρατευομένων καὶ γεωργούντων.
The third is that of the soldiers and husbandmen.
τέταρτον δὲ τὸ τῶν λαῶν, οἳ βασιλικοὶ δοῦλοί εἰσι καὶ πάντα διακονοῦνται τὰ πρὸς τὸν βίον.
The fourth is that of the common people, who are royal slaves and perform all the services necessary for life.
κοιναὶ δʼ εἰσὶν αὐτοῖς αἱ κτήσεις κατὰ συγγένειαν, ἄρχει δὲ καὶ ταμιεύει ἑκάστην ὁ πρεσβύτατος.
Their possessions are held in common by families, and the eldest rules and manages each property.
τοιοῦτοι μὲν οἱ Ἴβηρες καὶ ἡ χώρα αὐτῶν.
Such, then, are the Iberians and their country.