§11.2.11τῶν Μαιωτῶν δʼ εἰσὶν αὐτοί τε οἱ Σινδοὶ καὶ Δανδάριοι καὶ Τορέται καὶ Ἄγροι καὶ Ἀρρηχοί, ἔτι δὲ Τάρπητες Ὀβιδιακηνοὶ Σιττακηνοὶ Δόσκοι, ἄλλοι πλείους· τούτων δʼ εἰσὶ καὶ οἱ Ἀσπουργιανοὶ μεταξὺ Φαναγορείας οἰκοῦντες καὶ Γοργιπίας ἐν πεντακοσίοις σταδίοις, οἷς ἐπιθέμενος Πολέμων ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐπὶ προσποιήσει φιλίας οὐ λαθὼν ἀντεστρατηγήθη καὶ ζωγρίᾳ ληφθεὶς ἀπέθανε.
Of the Maeotae themselves are the Sindi, Dandarii, Toretae, Agri, and Arrechi, and furthermore the Tarpetes, Obidiaceni, Sittaceni, Dosci, and several others; among these are also the Aspurgiani, who live between Phanagoria and Gorgipia within a distance of five hundred stadia. King Polemon, having attacked them under the pretense of friendship, was not unnoticed, but was outgeneraled and taken alive, and died.
τῶν τε συμπάντων Μαιωτῶν τῶν Ἀσιανῶν οἱ μὲν ὑπήκουον τῶν τὸ ἐμπόριον ἐχόντων τὸ ἐν τῷ Τανάιδι οἱ δὲ τῶν Βοσπορανῶν· τοτὲ δʼ ἀφίσταντο ἄλλοτʼ ἄλλοι.
Of all the Asiatic Maeotae, some were subject to those who held the emporium at Tanais, and others to the Bosporans; but at different times different tribes would revolt.
πολλάκις δʼ οἱ τῶν Βοσπορανῶν ἡγεμόνες καὶ τὰ μέχρι τοῦ Τανάιδος κατεῖχον καὶ μάλιστα οἱ ὕστατοι, Φαρνάκης καὶ Ἄσανδρος καὶ Πολέμων.
And often the rulers of the Bosporans held the regions as far as Tanais, especially the latest ones, Pharnaces, Asander, and Polemon.
Φαρνάκης δέ ποτε καὶ τὸν Ὕπανιν τοῖς Δανδαρίοις ἐπαγαγεῖν λέγεται διά τινος παλαιᾶς διώρυγος ἀνακαθάρας αὐτὴν κατακλύσαι τὴν χώραν.
Pharnaces is also said to have once brought the Hypanis river upon the Dandarii, having cleared out a certain ancient canal, and flooded their country.
§11.2.12μετὰ δὲ τὴν Σινδικὴν καὶ τὴν Γοργιπίαν ἐπὶ τῇ θαλάττῃ ἡ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν καὶ Ζυγῶν καὶ Ἡνιόχων παραλία τὸ πλέον ἀλίμενος καὶ ὀρεινή, τοῦ Καυκάσου μέρος οὖσα.
After the Sindic region and Gorgipia, along the sea, is the coastline of the Achaeans, Zygi, and Heniochi, which for the most part is harborless and mountainous, being a part of the Caucasus.
ζῶσι δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν κατὰ θάλατταν λῃστηρίων, ἀκάτια ἔχοντες λεπτὰ στενὰ καὶ κοῦφα, ὅσον ἀνθρώπους πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι δεχόμενα, σπάνιον δὲ τριάκοντα δέξασθαι τοὺς πάντας δυνάμενα· καλοῦσι δʼ αὐτὰ οἱ Ἕλληνες καμάρας.
They live by sea robberies, having boats that are slender, narrow, and light, capable of holding about twenty-five men, and rarely able to receive thirty in all; the Greeks call them camarai.
φασὶ δʼ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰάσονος στρατιᾶς τοὺς μὲν Φθιώτας Ἀχαιοὺς τὴν ἐνθάδε Ἀχαΐαν οἰκίσαι, Λάκωνας δὲ τὴν Ἡνιοχίαν, ὧν ἦρχον Κρέκας καὶ Ἀμφίστρατος οἱ τῶν Διοσκούρων ἡνίοχοι, καὶ τοὺς Ἡνιόχους ἀπὸ τούτων εἰκὸς ὠνομάσθαι.
They say that from the expedition of Jason, the Phthiotic Achaeans founded the Achaea here, and the Laconians Heniochia, of whom Crecas and Amphistratus, the charioteers of the Dioscuri, were the leaders; and it is reasonable that the Heniochi were named after them.
τῶν δʼ οὖν καμαρῶν στόλους κατασκευαζόμενοι καὶ ἐπιπλέοντες τοτὲ μὲν ταῖς ὁλκάσι τοτὲ δὲ χώρᾳ τινὶ ἢ καὶ πόλει θαλαττοκρατοῦσι.
At any rate, equipping fleets of camarai and sailing out, they hold sway over the sea, sometimes attacking merchant vessels, sometimes a certain country or even a city.
προσλαμβάνουσι δʼ ἔσθʼ ὅτε καὶ οἱ τὸν Βόσπορον ἔχοντες ὑφόρμους χορηγοῦντες καὶ ἀγορὰν καὶ διάθεσιν τῶν ἁρπαζομένων·
Sometimes those who hold the Bosporus also assist them, supplying them with anchorages, a market, and the disposal of their plunder.
ἐπανιόντες δὲ εἰς τὰ οἰκεῖα χωρία, ναυλοχεῖν οὐκ ἔχοντες, ἀναθέμενοι τοῖς ὤμοις τὰς καμάρας ἀναφέρουσιν ἐπὶ τοὺς δρυμοὺς ἐν οἷσπερ καὶ οἰκοῦσι, λυπρὰν ἀροῦντες γῆν· καταφέρουσι δὲ πάλιν ὅταν ᾖ καιρὸς τοῦ πλεῖν.
When they return to their own places, having no harbor for their boats, they put the camarai on their shoulders and carry them up to the forests in which they live, cultivating a poor soil; and they bring them down again when it is the season for sailing.
τὸ δʼ αὐτὸ ποιοῦσι καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀλλοτρίᾳ γνώριμα ἔχοντες ὑλώδη χωρία, ἐν οἷς ἀποκρύψαντες τὰς καμάρας αὐτοὶ πλανῶνται πεζῇ νύκτωρ καὶ μεθʼ ἡμέραν ἀνδραποδισμοῦ χάριν.
They do the same also in foreign territory where they have well-known wooded places, in which they hide their camarai, while they themselves wander on foot by night and day for the sake of kidnapping people.
ἃ δʼ ἂν λάβωσιν ἐπίλυτρα ποιοῦσι ῥᾳδίως μετὰ τοὺς ἀνάπλους μηνύοντες τοῖς ἀπολέσασιν.
What they capture they easily make subject to ransom, notifying the losers after they have sailed away.
ἐν μὲν οὖν τοῖς δυναστευομένοις τόποις ἐστί τις βοήθεια ἐκ τῶν ἡγεμόνων τοῖς ἀδικουμένοις· ἀντεπιτίθενται γὰρ πολλάκις καὶ κατάγουσιν αὐτάνδρους τὰς καμάρας· ἡ δʼ ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίοις ἀβοηθητοτέρα ἐστὶ διὰ τὴν ὀλιγωρίαν τῶν πεμπομένων.
Now in the places ruled by chieftains, there is some assistance from the rulers for those who are wronged; for they often attack in turn and bring back the camarai together with their crews; but the territory under the Romans is more helpless because of the negligence of those who are sent.
§11.2.13τοιοῦτος μὲν ὁ τούτων βίος· δυναστεύονται δὲ καὶ οὗτοι ὑπὸ τῶν καλουμένων Σκηπτούχων; καὶ αὐτοὶ δὲ οὗτοι ὑπὸ τυράννοις ἢ βασιλεῦσίν εἰσιν.
Such is the life of these people; and they too are ruled by those called Sceptuchi; and these very men are under tyrants or kings.
οἱ γοῦν Ἡνίοχοι τέτταρας εἶχον βασιλέας, ἡνίκα Μιθριδάτης ὁ Εὐπάτωρ φεύγων ἐκ τῆς προγονικῆς εἰς Βόσπορον διῄει τὴν χώραν αὐτῶν· καὶ αὕτη μὲν ἦν πορεύσιμος αὐτῷ, τῆς δὲ τῶν Ζυγῶν ἀπογνοὺς διά τε δυσχερείας καὶ ἀγριότητας τῇ παραλίᾳ χαλεπῶς ᾔει, τὰ πολλὰ ἐμβαίνων ἐπὶ τὴν θάλατταν, ἕως ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ἧκε· καὶ προσλαβόντων τούτων ἐξετέλεσε τὴν ὁδὸν τὴν ἐκ Φάσιδος οὐ πολὺ τῶν τετρακισχιλίων λείπουσαν σταδίων.
The Heniochi, at least, had four kings when Mithridates Eupator, fleeing from his ancestral country to the Bosporus, passed through their territory; and this country was passable for him, but despairing of the country of the Zygi because of its difficulty and wildness, he went along the coast with difficulty, for the most part stepping into the sea, until he came to that of the Achaeans; and with their assistance he completed the journey from Phasis, which fell not far short of four thousand stadia.