§11.11.7λέγεται δὲ διότι τοῦ Ταύρου τὸ τελευταῖον, ὃ καλοῦσιν Ἴμαιον, τῇ Ἰνδικῇ θαλάττῃ ξυνάπτον, οὐδὲν οὔτε προὔχει πρὸς ἕω τῆς Ἰνδικῆς μᾶλλον οὔτʼ εἰσέχει· παριόντι δʼ εἰς τὸ βόρειον πλευρὸν ἀεί τι τοῦ μήκους ὑφαιρεῖ καὶ τοῦ πλάτους ἡ θάλαττα, ὥστʼ ἀποφαίνειν μύουρον πρὸς ἕω τὴν νῦν ὑπογραφομένην μερίδα τῆς Ἀσίας, ἣν ὁ Ταῦρος ἀπολαμβάνει πρὸς τὸν ὠκεανὸν τὸν πληροῦντα τὸ Κάσπιον πέλαγος.
And it is said that the extremity of the Taurus, which they call Imaus, joining the Indian Sea, neither projects further to the east than India nor recedes; but to one passing along to the northern side, the sea always takes away something from its length and width, so as to make the part of Asia now being outlined—which the Taurus encloses against the ocean that fills the Caspian Sea—appear tapered toward the east.
μῆκος δʼ ἐστὶ ταύτης τῆς μερίδος τὸ μέγιστον ἀπὸ τῆς Ὑρκανίας θαλάττης ἐπὶ τὸν ὠκεανὸν τὸν κατὰ τὸ Ἴμαιον τρισμυρίων που σταδίων, παρὰ τὴν ὀρεινὴν τοῦ Ταύρου τῆς πορείας οὔσης, πλάτος δʼ ἔλαττον τῶν μυρίων.
And the greatest length of this part is about thirty thousand stadia from the Hyrcanian Sea to the ocean at the Imaus, the route being along the mountainous region of the Taurus, and the width is less than ten thousand.
εἴρηται γὰρ ὅτι περὶ τετρακισμυρίους σταδίους ἐστὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰσσικοῦ κόλπου μέχρι τῆς ἑῴας θαλάττης τῆς κατὰ Ἰνδούς, ἐπὶ δʼ Ἰσσὸν ἀπὸ τῶν ἑσπερίων ἄκρων τῶν κατὰ στήλας ἄλλοι τρισμύριοι· ἔστι δὲ ὁ μυχὸς τοῦ Ἰσσικοῦ κόλπου μικρὸν ἢ οὐδὲν Ἀμισοῦ ἑωθινώτερος, τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ Ἀμισοῦ ἐπὶ τὴν Ὑρκανίαν γῆν περὶ μυρίους ἐστὶ σταδίους, παράλληλον ὂν τῷ ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰσσοῦ λεχθέντι ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἰνδούς.
For it has been said that from the Gulf of Issus to the eastern sea at India is about forty thousand stadia, and from the western extremities at the Pillars to Issus another thirty thousand; and the innermost part of the Gulf of Issus is little or not at all further east than Amisus, and the distance from Amisus to the Hyrcanian land is about ten thousand stadia, being parallel to the route mentioned from Issus to the Indians.
λείπεται δὴ τὸ λεχθὲν μῆκος ἐπὶ τὴν ἕω τῆς περιωδευμένης νυνὶ μερίδος οἱ τρισμύριοι στάδιοι.
Therefore, there remain the thirty thousand stadia as the mentioned length to the east of the part now being traversed.
πάλιν δὲ τοῦ πλάτους τοῦ μεγίστου τῆς οἰκουμένης ὄντος περὶ τρισμυρίους σταδίους, χλαμυδοειδοῦς οὔσης, τὸ διάστημα τοῦτο ἐγγὺς ἂν εἴη τοῦ μεσημβρινοῦ τοῦ διὰ τῆς Ὑρκανίας θαλάττης γραφομένου καὶ τῆς Περσικῆς, εἴπερ ἐστὶ τὸ μῆκος τῆς οἰκουμένης ἑπτὰ μυριάδες· εἰ οὖν ἀπὸ τῆς Ὑρκανίας ἐπὶ Ἀρτεμίταν τὴν ἐν τῇ Βαβυλωνίᾳ στάδιοί εἰσιν ὀκτακισχίλιοι, καθάπερ εἴρηκεν Ἀπολλόδωρος ὁ ἐκ τῆς Ἀρτεμίτας, ἐκεῖθεν δʼ ἐπὶ τὸ στόμα τῆς κατὰ Πέρσας θαλάττης ἄλλο τοσοῦτόν ἐστι, καὶ πάλιν τοσοῦτον ἢ μικρὸν ἀπολεῖπον εἰς τὰ ἀνταίροντα τοῖς ἄκροις τῆς Αἰθιοπίας, λοιπὸν ἂν εἴη τοῦ πλάτους τῆς οἰκουμένης τοῦ λεχθέντος ἀπὸ τοῦ μυχοῦ τῆς Ὑρκανίας θαλάττης ἐπὶ τοῦ στόματος αὐτῆς ὅσον εἰρήκαμεν.
Again, since the greatest width of the inhabited world is about thirty thousand stadia, it being chlamys-shaped, this distance would be close to the meridian drawn through the Hyrcanian Sea and the Persian Sea, if indeed the length of the inhabited world is seventy thousand; if, then, from Hyrcania to Artemita in Babylonia is eight thousand stadia, as Apollodorus of Artemita has said, and from there to the mouth of the Persian Sea is another equal amount, and again the same amount or a little less to the points opposite the extremities of Ethiopia, the remainder of the mentioned width of the inhabited world from the innermost part of the Hyrcanian Sea to its mouth would be as much as we have said.
μυούρου δʼ ὄντος τοῦ τμήματος τούτου τῆς γῆς ἐπὶ τὰ πρὸς ἕω μέρη, γίνοιτʼ ἂν τὸ σχῆμα προσόμοιον μαγειρικῇ κοπίδι, τοῦ μὲν ὄρους ἐπʼ εὐθείας ὄντος καὶ νοουμένου κατὰ τὴν ἀκμὴν τῆς κοπίδος, τῆς δʼ ἀπὸ τοῦ στόματος τοῦ Ὑρκανίου παραλίας ἐπὶ Τάμαρον κατὰ θάτερον πλευρὸν εἰς περιφερῆ καὶ μύουρον γραμμὴν ἀπολῆγον.
And since this section of the earth is tapered toward the eastern parts, its shape would be similar to a butcher's knife, the mountain being straight and conceived as the edge of the knife, while the coastline from the mouth of the Hyrcanian Sea to Tamaron on the other side ends in a curved and tapering line.
§11.11.8ἐπιμνηστέον δὲ καὶ τῶν παραδόξων ἐνίων ἃ θρυλοῦσι περὶ τῶν τελέως βαρβάρων, οἷον τῶν περὶ τὸν Καύκασον καὶ τὴν ἄλλην ὀρεινήν.
We must also mention some of the marvels that are rumored about the completely barbarian peoples, such as those around the Caucasus and the rest of the mountainous country.
τοῖς μὲν γὰρ νόμιμον εἶναί φασι τὸ τοῦ Εὐριπίδου
"
τὸν φύντα θρηνεῖν εἰς ὅσʼ ἔρχεται κακά,
τὸν δʼ αὖ θανόντα καὶ πόνων πεπαυμένον
χαίροντας εὐφημοῦντας ἐκπέμπειν δόμων. "
ἑτέροις δὲ μηδένα ἀποκτείνειν τῶν ἐξαμαρτόντων τὰ μέγιστα, ἀλλʼ ἐξορίζειν μόνον μετὰ τῶν τέκνων, ὑπεναντίως τοῖς Δέρβιξι· καὶ γὰρ ἐπὶ μικροῖς οὗτοι σφάττουσι.
For they say that for some of them, the words of Euripides are a law: 'To bewail the newborn for the many evils he comes into, but, on the other hand, to escort the dead who has ceased from his labors out of the house with joy and blessings.' And for others, they kill no one who has committed even the greatest offenses, but only banish them with their children, contrary to the Derbices; for these latter slaughter even for small offenses.
σέβονται δὲ γῆν οἱ Δέρβικες· θύουσι δʼ οὐδὲν θῆλυ οὐδὲ ἐσθίουσι· τοὺς δὲ ὑπὲρ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτη γεγονότας σφάττουσιν, ἀναλίσκουσι δὲ τὰς σάρκας οἱ ἄγχιστα γένους· τὰς δὲ γραίας ἀπάγχουσιν, εἶτα θάπτουσι· τοὺς δὲ ἐντὸς ἑβδομήκοντα ἐτῶν ἀποθανόντας οὐκ ἐσθίουσιν ἀλλὰ θάπτουσι.
The Derbices worship the earth; they sacrifice no female animal, nor do they eat them; and they slaughter those who have become over seventy years of age, and the closest of kin consume their flesh; but they strangle the old women and then bury them; those who die under seventy years of age they do not eat, but bury.
Σίγιννοι δὲ τἆλλα μὲν περσίζουσιν, ἱππαρίοις δὲ χρῶνται μικροῖς δασέσιν, ἅπερ ἱππότην ὀχεῖν μὲν οὐ δύναται, τέθριππα δὲ ζευγνύουσιν· ἡνιοχοῦσι δὲ γυναῖκες ἐκ παίδων ἠσκημέναι, ἡ δʼ ἄριστα ἡνιοχοῦσα συνοικεῖ ᾧ βούλεται· τινὰς δʼ ἐπιτηδεύειν φασὶν ὅπως ὡς μακροκεφαλώτατοι φανοῦνται καὶ προπεπτωκότες τοῖς μετώποις ὥσθʼ ὑπερκύπτειν τῶν γενείων.
The Siginni in other respects follow Persian customs, but they use small, shaggy horses, which indeed cannot carry a rider, but they yoke them in four-horse chariots; women act as charioteers, having been trained from childhood, and the one who drives best cohabits with whomsoever she pleases; and they say that some of them make it a practice to appear as long-headed as possible and to have their foreheads projecting so as to overhang their chins.
Ταπύρων δʼ ἔστι καὶ τὸ τοὺς μὲν ἄνδρας μελανειμονεῖν καὶ μακροκομεῖν, τὰς δὲ γυναῖκας λευχειμονεῖν καὶ βραχυκομεῖν. καὶ ὁ ἀνδρειότατος κριθεὶς γαμεῖ ἣν βούλεται.
It is also a custom of the Tapyri for the men to wear black garments and keep their hair long, and for the women to wear white garments and keep their hair short; and the one who is judged the bravest marries whomsoever he wishes.
Κάσπιοι δὲ τοὺς ὑπὲρ ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτη λιμοκτονήσαντες εἰς τὴν ἐρημίαν ἐκτιθέασιν, ἄπωθεν δὲ σκοπεύοντες ἐὰν μὲν ὑπʼ ὀρνίθων κατασπωμένους ἀπὸ τῆς κλίνης ἴδωσιν, εὐδαιμονίζουσιν, ἐὰν δὲ ὑπὸ θηρίων ἢ κυνῶν, ἧττον, ἐὰν δʼ ὑπὸ μηδενός, κακοδαιμονίζουσι.
The Caspians starve to death those who are over seventy years of age and expose them in the desert; and watching from a distance, if they see them dragged down from their beds by birds, they deem them happy, but if by wild beasts or dogs, less so, and if by nothing, unhappy.