§1.3.21προστιθέασι δὲ καὶ τὰς ἐκ τῶν μεταστάσεων μεταβολὰς ἐπὶ πλέον τὴν ἀθαυμαστίαν ἡμῖν κατασκευάζειν ἐθέλοντες, ἣν ὑμνεῖ Δημόκριτος καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι φιλόσοφοι πάντες· παράκειται γὰρ τῷ ἀθαμβεῖ καὶ ἀταράχῳ καὶ ἀνεκπλήκτῳ.
And they also add the changes resulting from migrations, wishing to establish in us still further that freedom from wonder which Democritus and all the other philosophers extol; for it is close to fearlessness, untroubledness, and non-astonishment.
οἷον Ἰβήρων μὲν τῶν ἑσπερίων εἰς τοὺς ὑπὲρ τοῦ Πόντου καὶ τῆς Κολχίδος τόπους μετῳκισμένων (οὓς ὁ Ἀράξης, ὥς φησιν Ἀπολλόδωρος, ἀπὸ τῆς Ἀρμενίας ὁρίζει, Κῦρος δὲ μᾶλλον καὶ τὰ ὄρη τὰ Μοσχικά), Αἰγυπτίων δʼ εἴς τε Αἰθίοπας καὶ Κόλχους, Ἑνετῶν δʼ ἐκ Παφλαγονίας ἐπὶ τὸν Ἀδρίαν.
As, for example, the western Iberians having migrated to the regions beyond the Pontus and Colchis (which, as Apollodorus says, the Araxes divides from Armenia, or rather the Cyrus and the Moschian mountains), and the Egyptians to the Ethiopians and Colchians, and the Heneti from Paphlagonia to the Adriatic.
ἅπερ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν ἐθνῶν συνέβη, Ἰώνων καὶ Δωριέων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν καὶ Αἰολέων· καὶ Αἰνιᾶνες οἱ νῦν Αἰτωλοῖς ὅμοροι περὶ τὸ Δώτιον ᾤκουν καὶ τὴν Ὄσσαν μετὰ Περραιβῶν· καὶ αὐτοὶ δὲ Περραιβοὶ μετανάσται τινές.
These very things also happened in the case of the Greek nations—the Ionians, Dorians, Achaeans, and Aeolians; and the Aenianes, who are now neighbors to the Aetolians, used to dwell around Dotium and Ossa together with the Perrhaebians; and the Perrhaebians themselves were certain migrants.
πλήρης δέ ἐστι τῶν τοιούτων παραδειγμάτων ἡ νῦν ἐνεστῶσα πραγματεία.
And the present treatise is full of such examples.
τινὰ μὲν οὖν καὶ πρόχειρα τοῖς πολλοῖς ἐστιν· αἱ δὲ τῶν Καρῶν καὶ Τρηρῶν καὶ Τεύκρων μεταναστάσεις καὶ Γαλατῶν, ὁμοῦ δὲ καὶ τῶν ἡγεμόνων οἱ ἐπὶ πολὺ ἐκτοπισμοί, Μάδυός τε τοῦ Σκυθικοῦ καὶ Τεαρκὼ τοῦ Αἰθίοπος καὶ Κώβου τοῦ Τρηρὸς καὶ Σεσώστριος καὶ Ψαμμιτίχου τῶν Αἰγυπτίων καὶ Περσῶν τῶν ἀπὸ Κύρου μέχρι Ξέρξου οὐχ ὁμοίως ἐν ἑτοίμῳ πᾶσίν εἰσιν.
Now some of these are indeed familiar to most people; but the migrations of the Carians, Treres, Teucrians, and Galatians, and at the same time the far-reaching displacements of their leaders—such as Madyes the Scythian, Tearco the Ethiopian, Cobus the Trerian, Sesostris and Psammitichus the Egyptians, and the Persians from Cyrus down to Xerxes—are not equally at hand to all.
οἵ τε Κιμμέριοι, οὓς καὶ Τρῆρας ὀνομάζουσιν, ἢ ἐκείνων τι ἔθνος, πολλάκις ἐπέδραμον τὰ δεξιὰ μέρη τοῦ Πόντου καὶ τὰ συνεχῆ αὐτοῖς, τοτὲ μὲν ἐπὶ Παφλαγόνας τοτὲ δὲ καὶ Φρύγας ἐμβαλόντες, ἡνίκα Μίδαν αἷμα ταύρου πιόντα φασὶν ἀπελθεῖν εἰς τὸ χρεών.
And the Cimmerians, whom they also call Treres, or some tribe of theirs, often overrun the right-hand parts of the Pontus and the regions adjacent to them, at one time invading the Paphlagonians, and at another even the Phrygians, at which time they say Midas, having drunk bull's blood, departed to his doom.
Λύγδαμις δὲ τοὺς αὑτοῦ ἄγων μέχρι Λυδίας καὶ Ἰωνίας ἤλασε καὶ Σάρδεις εἷλεν, ἐν Κιλικίᾳ δὲ διεφθάρη.
And Lygdamis, leading his own men, marched as far as Lydia and Ionia and took Sardis, but perished in Cilicia.
πολλάκις δὲ καὶ οἱ Κιμμέριοι καὶ οἱ Τρῆρες ἐποιήσαντο τὰς τοιαύτας ἐφόδους· τοὺς δὲ Τρῆρας καὶ Κῶβον ὑπὸ Μάδυος τὸ τελευταῖον ἐξελαθῆναί φασι τοῦ τῶν Σκυθῶν βασιλέως.
And often both the Cimmerians and the Treres made such incursions; but they say that the Treres and Cobus were finally driven out by Madyes, the king of the Scythians.
ταῦτα μὲν εἰρήσθω πρὸς ἅπασαν κοινῇ τὴν περίοδον τῆς γῆς ἔχοντα οἰκείαν ἱστορίαν.
Let these things be said, as containing a history appropriate to the whole circuit of the earth in general.
§1.3.22Ἐπάνιμεν δʼ ἐπὶ τὰ ἑξῆς ἀφʼ ὧν παρέβημεν.
But let us return to the next points from which we digressed.
τοῦ γὰρ Ἡροδότου μηδένας ὑπερβορείους εἶναι φήσαντος, μηδὲ γὰρ ὑπερνοτίους, γελοίαν φησὶν εἶναι τὴν ἀπόδειξιν καὶ ὁμοίαν ὁ Ἐρατοσθένης τῷ σοφίσματι τούτῳ, εἴ τις λέγοι μηδένας εἶναι ἐπιχαιρεκάκους, μηδὲ γὰρ ἐπιχαιραγάθους.
For, Herodotus having said that there are no Hyperboreans, because there are also no Hypernotians, Eratosthenes says that the proof is ridiculous and similar to this sophism: as if one should say that there are no people who rejoice in others' misfortunes, because there are also none who rejoice in others' good fortune.
κατὰ τύχην τε εἶναι καὶ ὑπερνοτίους· κατὰ γοῦν τὴν Αἰθιοπίαν μὴ πνεῖν νότον, ἀλλὰ κατωτέρω.
And he says that by chance there are also Hypernotians; at any rate, in Ethiopia the south wind does not blow, but further down.
θαυμαστὸν δʼ εἰ καθʼ ἕκαστον κλίμα πνέοντος ἀνέμου καὶ πανταχοῦ τοῦ ἀπὸ μεσημβρίας νότου προσαγορευομένου, ἔστι τις οἴκησις ἐν ᾗ τοῦτο μὴ συμβαίνει.
But it is wonderful if, while a wind blows in each climate and the wind from the south is everywhere called the south wind, there is some habitation in which this does not happen.
τοὐναντίον γὰρ οὐ μόνον Αἰθιοπία ἔχοι ἂν τὸν καθʼ ἡμᾶς νότον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡ ἀνωτέρω πᾶσα μέχρι τοῦ ἰσημερινοῦ.
For, on the contrary, not only Ethiopia would have the south wind relative to us, but also all the region above it as far as the equator.
εἰ δʼ ἄρα, τοῦ Ἡροδότου τοῦτʼ ἐχρῆν αἰτιᾶσθαι, ὅτι τοὺς ὑπερβορείους τούτους ὑπέλαβε λέγεσθαι, παρʼ οἷς ὁ βορέας οὐ πνεῖ.
And if indeed, Herodotus ought to have been blamed for this, namely that he supposed these people were called Hyperboreans with whom the north wind does not blow.
καὶ γὰρ εἰ οἱ ποιηταὶ μυθικώτερον οὕτω φασίν, οἵ γʼ ἐξηγούμενοι τὸ ὑγιὲς ἂν ἀκούσαιεν, ὑπερβορείους τοὺς βορειοτάτους λέγεσθαι.
For even if the poets say so in a rather mythical way, those who explain them at least would understand the sound sense, that "Hyperboreans" is used to mean the most northerly people.
ὅρος δὲ τῶν μὲν βορείων ὁ πόλος, τῶν δὲ νοτίων ὁ ἰσημερινός· καὶ τῶν ἀνέμων δʼ ὁ αὐτὸς ὅρος.
And the boundary of the northern regions is the pole, and of the southern regions the equator; and the same is the boundary of the winds also.
§1.3.23̔εξῆς δὲ λέγει πρὸς τοὺς φανερῶς πεπλασμένα καὶ ἀδύνατα λέγοντας, τὰ μὲν ἐν μύθου σχήματι τὰ δʼ ἱστορίας, περὶ ὧν οὐκ ἄξιον μεμνῆσθαι· οὐδʼ ἐκεῖνον ἐχρῆν ἐν ὑποθέσει τοιαύτῃ φλυάρους ἐπισκοπεῖν.
Next, he speaks against those who tell stories that are obviously fabricated and impossible, some in the guise of myth, others of history, which are not worth mentioning; nor was it necessary for him, in a treatise of this kind, to examine babblers.