§1.2.31Ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ τὰ περὶ τῆς πλάνης τῆς Μενελάου λεχθέντα συνηγορεῖν δοκεῖ τῇ ἀγνοίᾳ τῇ περὶ τοὺς τόπους ἐκείνους, βέλτιον ἴσως ἐστὶ τὰ ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσι τούτοις ζητούμενα προεκθεμένους ἅμα ταῦτά τε διαστεῖλαι καὶ περὶ τοῦ ποιητοῦ ἀπολογήσασθαι καθαρώτερον.
Since what is said about the wanderings of Menelaus also seems to support the charge of ignorance concerning those regions, it is perhaps better, after setting forth beforehand the questions raised in these verses, to distinguish these points and at the same time to make a clearer defense of the poet.
φησὶ δὴ πρὸς Τηλέμαχον ὁ Μενέλαος θαυμάσαντα τὸν τῶν βασιλείων κόσμον
ἦ γὰρ πολλὰ παθὼν καὶ πόλλʼ ἐπαληθεὶς ἠγαγόμην ἐν νηυσί, καὶ ὀγδοάτῳ ἔτει ἦλθον Κύπρον Φοινίκην τε καὶ Αἰγυπτίους ἐπαληθείς, Αἰθίοπάς θʼ ἱκόμην καὶ Σιδονίους καὶ Ἐρεμβοὺς καὶ Λιβύην. ζητοῦσι δὲ πρὸς τίνας ἦλθεν Αἰθίοπας πλέων ἐξ Αἰγύπτου· οὔτε γὰρ ἐν τῇ καθʼ ἡμᾶς θαλάττῃ οἰκοῦσί τινες Αἰθίοπες, οὔτε τοῦ Νείλου τοὺς καταράκτας ἦν διελθεῖν ναυσί·
Indeed, Menelaus says to Telemachus, who was wondering at the splendor of the palace: "For indeed, after suffering much and wandering far, I brought back wealth in my ships, and in the eighth year I came, having wandered to Cyprus, Phoenicia, and the Egyptians; and I reached the Ethiopians, the Sidonians, the Erembi, and Libya." And they inquire to what Ethiopians he came, sailing from Egypt; for neither do any Ethiopians live in our sea, nor was it possible to pass the cataracts of the Nile in ships.
τίνες τε οἱ Σιδόνιοι·
And who are the Sidonians?
οὐ γὰρ οἵ γε ἐν Φοινίκῃ· οὐ γὰρ ἂν τὸ γένος προθεὶς τὸ εἶδος ἐπήνεγκε·
For surely not those in Phoenicia; for he would not, after putting forward the genus, have brought in the species.
τίνες τε οἱ Ἐρεμβοί·
And who are the Erembi?
καινὸν γὰρ τὸ ὄνομα.
For the name is novel.
Ἀριστόνικος μὲν οὖν ὁ καθʼ ἡμᾶς γραμματικὸς ἐν τοῖς περὶ τῆς Μενελάου πλάνης πολλῶν ἀναγέγραφεν ἀνδρῶν ἀποφάσεις περὶ ἑκάστου τῶν ἐκκειμένων κεφαλαίων· ἡμῖν δʼ ἀρκέσει κἂν ἐπιτέμνοντες λέγωμεν.
Aristonicus, therefore, the grammarian of our time, in his work On the Wanderings of Menelaus, has recorded the opinions of many men on each of the points set forth; but for us it will be sufficient if we speak in summary.
οἱ μὲν δὴ πλεῦσαι φήσαντες εἰς τὴν Αἰθιοπίαν οἱ μὲν περίπλουν τῶν διὰ Γαδείρων μέχρι τῆς Ἰνδικῆς εἰσάγουσιν, ἅμα καὶ τὸν χρόνον τῇ πλάνῃ συνοικειοῦντες, ὅν φησιν ὅτι ὀγδοάτῳ ἔτει ἦλθον, οἱ δὲ διὰ τοῦ ἰσθμοῦ τοῦ κατὰ τὸν Ἀράβιον κόλπον, οἱ δὲ διὰ τῶν διωρύγων τινός.
Indeed, of those who claim that he sailed to Ethiopia, some introduce a circumnavigation from Gadeira as far as India, at the same time adapting the time to the wanderings, which he says was the eighth year when he came; others say it was through the isthmus along the Arabian Gulf, and others through one of the canals.
οὔτε δʼ ὁ περίπλους ἀναγκαῖος, ὃν Κράτης εἰσάγει, οὐχ ὡς ἀδύνατος εἶναι (καὶ γὰρ ἡ Ὀδυσσέως πλάνη ἀδύνατος), ἀλλʼ ὅτι οὔτε πρὸς τὰς ὑποθέσεις τὰς μαθηματικὰς χρήσιμος οὔτε πρὸς τὸν χρόνον τῆς πλάνης.
But the circumnavigation which Crates introduces is not necessary—not because it is impossible (for the wanderings of Odysseus are also impossible), but because it is useful neither for mathematical hypotheses nor for the duration of the wanderings.
καὶ γὰρ ἀκούσιοι διατριβαὶ κατέσχον αὐτὸν ὑπὸ δυσπλοίας, φήσαντος ὅτι ἀπὸ ἑξήκοντα νεῶν πέντε ἐλείφθησαν αὐτῷ, καὶ ἑκούσιοι χρηματισμοῦ χάριν· φησὶ γὰρ ὁ Νέστωρ
ὣς ὁ μὲν ἔνθα πολὺν βίοτον καὶ χρυσὸν ἀγείρων, ἠλᾶτο ξὺν νηυσί· Κύπρον Φοινίκην τε καὶ Αἰγυπτίους ἐπαληθείς. ὅ τε διὰ τοῦ ἰσθμοῦ πλοῦς ἢ τῶν διωρύγων λεγόμενος μὲν ἠκούετο ἂν ἐν μύθου σχήματι, μὴ λεγόμενος δὲ περιττῶς καὶ ἀπιθάνως εἰσάγοιτο ἄν.
For indeed, involuntary delays held him back due to difficult sailing—since he says that out of sixty ships only five were left to him—and voluntary ones for the sake of acquiring wealth; for Nestor says: "Thus he, gathering much livelihood and gold there, wandered with his ships, having wandered to Cyprus, Phoenicia, and the Egyptians." And the voyage through the isthmus or the canals, if it were spoken of, would be heard in the form of a myth, but since it is not spoken of, it would be introduced superfluously and implausibly.
ἀπιθάνως δὲ λέγω, ὅτι πρὸ τῶν Τρωικῶν οὐδεμία ἦν διῶρυξ· τὸν δὲ ἐπιχειρήσαντα ποιῆσαι Σέσωστριν ἀποστῆναί φασι, μετεωροτέραν ὑπολαβόντα τὴν τῆς θαλάττης ἐπιφάνειαν.
And I say "implausibly" because before the Trojan War there was no canal; and they say that Sesostris, who attempted to make one, desisted, conceiving that the surface of the sea was higher.
ἀλλὰ μὴν οὐδʼ ὁ ἰσθμὸς ἦν πλόιμος· ἀλλʼ εἰκάζει ὁ Ἐρατοσθένης οὐκ εὖ.
Moreover, neither was the isthmus navigable; but Eratosthenes conjectures poorly.
μὴ γάρ πω τὸ ἔκρηγμα τὸ κατὰ τὰς στήλας γεγονέναι νομίζει· ὥστε ἐνταῦθα μὴ συνάπτειν τὴν εἴσω θάλατταν τῇ ἐκτὸς καὶ καλύπτειν τὸν ἰσθμὸν μετεωροτέραν οὖσαν, τοῦ δʼ ἐκρήγματος γενομένου ταπεινωθῆναι καὶ ἀνακαλύψαι τὴν γῆν τὴν κατὰ τὸ Κάσιον καὶ τὸ Πηλούσιον μέχρι τῆς Ἐρυθρᾶς.
For he thinks that the breach at the Pillars had not yet occurred; so that there, the inner sea did not connect with the outer sea, and being higher, it covered the isthmus, but when the breach occurred, it was lowered and laid bare the land around Casion and Pelusion as far as the Red Sea.
τίνα οὖν ἔχομεν ἱστορίαν περὶ τοῦ ἐκρήγματος τούτου διότι πρὸ τῶν Τρωικῶν οὔπω ὑπῆρχεν, ἴσως δʼ ὁ ποιητὴς ἅμα μὲν τὸν Ὀδυσσέα ταύτῃ διεκπλέοντα εἰς τὸν ὠκεανὸν πεποίηκεν ὡς ἤδη ἐκρήγματος γεγονότος, ἅμα δὲ εἰς τὴν Ἐρυθρὰν τὸν Μενέλαον ἐκ τῆς Αἰγύπτου ναυστολεῖ ὡς οὔπω γεγονότος.
What history, then, do we have concerning this breach, to the effect that it did not yet exist before the Trojan War? And perhaps the poet, on the one hand, has represented Odysseus as sailing through here into the ocean as though the breach had already occurred, and at the same time represents Menelaus as sailing from Egypt to the Red Sea as though it had not yet occurred.
ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸν Πρωτέα εἰσάγει λέγοντα αὐτῷ
ἀλλά σʼ ἐς Ἠλύσιον πεδίον καὶ πείρατα γαίης ἀθάνατοι πέμψουσι. ποῖα οὖν;
Moreover, he also introduces Proteus saying to him: "But to the Elysian plain and the ends of the earth shall the immortals send you." What kind of places, then, are these?
καὶ ὅτι ἑσπέριόν τινα λέγει τόπον τοῦτον ἔσχατον ὁ ζέφυρος παρατεθεὶς δηλοῖ
ἀλλʼ αἰεὶ ζεφύροιο λιγὺ πνείοντας ἀήτας ὠκεανὸς ἀνίησι. ταῦτα γὰρ αἰνίγματος πλήρη.
And that he means some westernmost place is shown by the mention of Zephyrus alongside: "But ever does the ocean send forth the shrilly breathing breezes of Zephyrus." For these things are full of riddles.