§1.2.29καὶ γὰρ δὴ καὶ τελέως ἄλογον, εἰ τὰς μὲν Αἰγυπτίους Θήβας ᾔδει σαφῶς, αἳ διέχουσι τῆς καθʼ ἡμᾶς θαλάττης σταδίους μικρὸν ἀπολείποντας ἀπὸ τῶν πεντακισχιλίων, τὸν δὲ μυχὸν τοῦ Ἀραβίου κόλπου μὴ ᾔδει, μηδὲ τὸν ἰσθμὸν τὸν κατʼ αὐτόν, πλάτος ἔχοντα οὐ πλειόνων ἢ χιλίων σταδίων·
For indeed it is entirely irrational, if he knew clearly Egyptian Thebes, which is distant from our sea by a distance slightly less than five thousand stadia, that he did not know the innermost recess of the Arabian Gulf, nor the isthmus along it, which has a width of no more than a thousand stadia.
πολὺ δʼ ἂν ἀλογώτερον δόξειεν, εἰ τὸν μὲν Νεῖλον ᾔδει ὁμωνύμως τῇ τοσαύτῃ χώρᾳ λεγόμενον, τὴν δʼ αἰτίαν μὴ ἑώρα τούτου· μάλιστα γὰρ ἂν προσπίπτοι τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑφʼ Ἡροδότου διότι δῶρον ἦν ἡ χώρα τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἠξιοῦτο τοῦ αὐτοῦ ὀνόματος.
And it would seem much more irrational if he knew that the Nile was called by the same name as that vast country, but did not see the cause of this; for what was said by Herodotus would especially occur to the mind, namely that the country was the gift of the river, and for this reason it was deemed worthy of the same name.
ἄλλως τε τῶν παρʼ ἑκάστοις ἰδίων ταῦτʼ ἐστὶ γνωριμώτατα, ἃ καὶ παραδοξίαν ἔχει τινά, καὶ ἐν τῷ φανερῷ πᾶσίν ἐστι· τοιοῦτον δʼ ἐστὶ καὶ ἡ τοῦ Νείλου ἀνάβασις καὶ ἡ πρόσχωσις τοῦ πελάγους.
Especially since of the characteristics peculiar to each place, these are the most well-known, which also possess something of the marvelous and are in the sight of all; and such is both the rise of the Nile and the silting up of the sea.
καὶ καθάπερ οἱ προσαχθέντες πρὸς τὴν Αἴγυπτον οὐδὲν πρότερον ἱστοροῦσι περὶ τῆς χώρας, ἢ τὴν τοῦ Νείλου φύσιν διὰ τὸ τοὺς ἐπιχωρίους μήτε καινότερα τούτων λέγειν ἔχειν πρὸς ἄνδρας ξένους, μήτʼ ἐπιφανέστερα περὶ τῶν παρʼ αὐτοῖς· τῷ γὰρ ἱστορήσαντι περὶ τοῦ ποταμοῦ κατάδηλος καὶ ἡ χώρα γίνεται πᾶσα ὁποία τίς ἐστιν· οὕτω καὶ οἱ πόρρωθεν ἀκούοντες οὐδὲν πρότερον ἱστοροῦσι τούτου.
And just as those who are brought to Egypt investigate nothing about the country prior to the nature of the Nile, because the inhabitants have nothing more novel than these things to tell to strangers, nor anything more conspicuous concerning what is among them; for to him who has investigated concerning the river, the whole country also becomes clear as to what kind of place it is; so also those who hear from afar investigate nothing prior to this.
προστίθει οὖν τούτῳ καὶ τὸ φιλείδημον τοῦ ποιητοῦ καὶ τὸ φιλέκδημον, ὅπερ αὐτῷ μαρτυροῦσιν ὅσοι τὸν βίον ἀναγράφουσι, καὶ ἐξ αὐτῶν δὲ λαμβάνεται τῶν ποιημάτων πολλὰ παραδείγματα τοῦ τοιούτου.
Add then to this both the love of knowledge of the poet and his love of travel, which all those who write his life testify of him, and indeed from the poems themselves many examples of such a thing are taken.
οὗτος μὲν οὖν ἐκ πλεόνων ἐλέγχεται καὶ εἰδὼς καὶ λέγων ῥητῶς τὰ ῥητὰ καὶ σιγῶν τὰ λίαν ἐκφανῆ ἢ ἐπιθέτως λέγων.
He then is proved from many things both to have known and to have spoken explicitly of what was to be spoken of, and to have kept silent about what was exceedingly manifest, or to have spoken of them by epithets.
§1.2.30θαυμάζειν δὲ δεῖ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων καὶ Σύρων, πρὸς οὓς νῦν ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος, εἰ μηδʼ ἐκείνου λέγοντος τὰ παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἐπιχώρια συνιᾶσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἄγνοιαν αἰτιῶνται, ᾗ αὐτοὺς ἐνόχους δείκνυσιν ὁ λόγος.
But one must wonder at the Egyptians and Syrians, with whom our discussion now is, if they do not understand the local matters among them even when he speaks of them, but even accuse him of ignorance, in which this discussion shows them themselves to be liable.
ἁπλῶς δὲ τὸ μὴ λέγειν οὐ τοῦ μὴ εἰδέναι σημεῖόν ἐστιν· οὐδὲ γὰρ τὰς τροπὰς τοῦ εὐρίπου λέγει οὐδὲ τὰς Θερμοπύλας οὐδʼ ἄλλα πλείω τῶν γνωρίμων παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν, οὐ μὴν ἠγνόει γε.
Simply, indeed, not speaking is not a sign of not knowing; for he does not speak of the turnings of the Euripus, nor of Thermopylae, nor of many other things of those well-known among the Greeks, yet he was certainly not ignorant of them.
ἀλλὰ καὶ λέγει, οὐ δοκεῖ δὲ τοῖς ἐθελοκωφοῦσιν, ὥστε ἐκείνους αἰτιατέον.
But indeed he does speak, though it does not seem so to those who are willfully deaf, so that they are to be blamed.
ὁ ποιητὴς τοίνυν διιπετέας καλεῖ τοὺς ποταμούς, οὐ τοὺς χειμάρρους μόνους, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάντας κοινῶς, ὅτι πληροῦνται πάντες ἀπὸ τῶν ὀμβρίων ὑδάτων· ἀλλὰ τὸ κοινὸν ἐπὶ τῶν κατʼ ἐξοχὴν ἴδιον γίνεται.
The poet, then, calls the rivers "swollen by rain from Zeus" (diipeteis), not the torrents alone, but also all in common, because they are all filled from the rain waters; but what is common becomes peculiar in the case of pre-eminence.
ἄλλως γὰρ ἂν τὸν χειμάρρουν ἀκούοι τις διιπετῆ καὶ ἄλλως τὸν ἀέναον· ἐνταῦθα δὲ διπλασιάζει πως ἡ ἐξοχή.
For in one way one would hear of a torrent as "diipetēs", and in another way of a perennial river; and here the pre-eminence is somehow doubled.
καὶ καθάπερ εἰσί τινες ὑπερβολαὶ ἐπὶ ὑπερβολαῖς, ὡς τὸ κουφότερον εἶναι φελλοῦ σκιᾶς, δειλότερον δὲ λαγὼ Φρυγός, ἐλάττω δʼ ἔχειν γῆν τὸν ἀγρὸν ἐπιστολῆς Λακωνικῆς· οὕτως ἐξοχὴ ἐπὶ ἐξοχῇ συντρέχει ἐπὶ τοῦ διιπετῆ τὸν Νεῖλον λέγεσθαι.
And just as there are certain exaggerations upon exaggerations, such as being lighter than the shadow of a cork, or more cowardly than a Phrygian hare, or having land in one's estate less than a Laconian letter; so pre-eminence upon pre-eminence concurs in the case of the Nile being called "diipetēs".
ὁ μὲν γὰρ χειμάρρους ὑπερβέβληται τοὺς ἄλλους ποταμοὺς τῷ διιπετὴς εἶναι· ὁ δὲ Νεῖλος καὶ τοὺς χειμάρρους ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον πληρούμενος καὶ πλήθους καὶ χρόνου.
For the torrent surpasses the other rivers in being "diipetēs"; but the Nile surpasses even the torrents, being filled to such an extent both in volume and in duration.
ὥστʼ ἐπεὶ καὶ γνώριμον ἦν τὸ πάθος τοῦ ποταμοῦ τῷ ποιητῇ, ὡς παραμεμυθήμεθα, καὶ κέχρηται τῷ ἐπιθέτῳ τούτῳ κατʼ αὐτοῦ, οὐκ ἄλλως δεκτέον ἢ ὡς εἰρήκαμεν.
So that since this affection of the river was indeed known to the poet, as we have argued, and he has used this epithet of it, we must receive it in no other way than as we have said.
τὸ δὲ πλείοσι στόμασιν ἐκδιδόναι κοινὸν καὶ πλειόνων, ὥστʼ οὐκ ἄξιον μνήμης ὑπέλαβε, καὶ ταῦτα πρὸς εἰδότας· καθάπερ οὐδʼ Ἀλκαῖος, καίτοι φήσας ἀφῖχθαι καὶ αὐτὸς εἰς Αἴγυπτον.
And as for its discharging by many mouths, this is common to many rivers as well, so that he did not consider it worthy of mention, and that too to those who knew; just as Alcaeus did not, although he said that he himself also had arrived in Egypt.
αἱ δὲ προσχώσεις καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἀναβάσεων μὲν δύνανται ὑπονοεῖσθαι καὶ ἐξ ὧν δὲ εἶπε περὶ τῆς Φάρου.
And the siltings up can be suspected both from the rises, and from what he said about Pharos.
ὁ γὰρ ἱστορῶν αὐτῷ περὶ τῆς Φάρου, μᾶλλον δὲ ἡ κοινὴ φήμη, διότι μὲν τότε τοσοῦτον ἀπεῖχεν ἀπὸ τῆς ἠπείρου ὅσον φησί, δρόμον νεὼς ἡμερήσιον, οὐκ ἂν εἴη διατεθρυλημένη ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον ἐψευσμένως.
For he who reported to him about Pharos, or rather the common rumor, that at that time it was as far from the mainland as he says, a day's run of a ship, would not have been so widely rumored in falsehood.
ὅτι δʼ ἡ ἀνάβασις καὶ αἱ προσχώσεις τοιαῦταί τινες, κοινότερον πεπύσθαι εἰκὸς ἦν· ἐξ ὧν συνθεὶς ὁ ποιητὴς ὅτι πλέον ἢ τότε ἀφειστήκει τῆς γῆς ἡ νῆσος κατὰ τὴν Μενελάου παρουσίαν, προσέθηκε παρʼ ἑαυτοῦ πολλαπλάσιον διάστημα τοῦ μυθώδους χάριν.
But that the rise and the siltings up were of such a kind, it was likely to have been more generally heard; from which things the poet, concluding that the island stood further off from the land than at that time during the presence of Menelaus, added from himself a many times greater distance for the sake of the mythical.
αἱ δὲ μυθοποιίαι οὐκ ἀγνοίας σημεῖον δήπου· οὐδὲ τὰ περὶ τοῦ Πρωτέως καὶ τῶν Πυγμαίων, οὐδʼ αἱ τῶν φαρμάκων δυνάμεις, οὐδʼ εἴ τι ἄλλο τοιοῦτον οἱ ποιηταὶ πλάττουσιν· οὐ γὰρ κατʼ ἄγνοιαν τῶν τοπικῶν λέγεται, ἀλλʼ ἡδονῆς καὶ τέρψεως χάριν.
And myth-making is surely not a sign of ignorance; neither the stories about Proteus and the Pygmies, nor the powers of the drugs, nor if the poets invent anything else of this kind; for it is not spoken out of ignorance of the places, but for the sake of pleasure and delight.
πῶς οὖν καὶ ἄνυδρον οὖσαν φησὶν ὕδωρ ἔχειν; ἐν δὲ λιμὴν εὔορμος, ὅθεν τʼ ἀπὸ νῆας ἐίσας ἐς πόντον βάλλουσιν ἀφυσσάμενοι μέλαν ὕδωρ.
How then does he say that it has water when it is waterless? ἐν δὲ λιμὴν εὔορμος, ὅθεν τʼ ἀπὸ νῆας ἐίσας ἐς πόντον βάλλουσιν ἀφυσσάμενοι μέλαν ὕδωρ.
ἀλλʼ οὔτε τὸ ὑδρεῖον ἐκλιπεῖν ἀδύνατον οὔτε τὴν ὑδρείαν ἐκ τῆς νήσου γενέσθαι φησίν, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἀναγωγὴν μόνην διὰ τὴν τοῦ λιμένος ἀρετήν, τὸ δʼ ὕδωρ ἐκ τῆς περαίας ἀρύσασθαι παρῆν, ἐξομολογουμένου πως τοῦ ποιητοῦ διʼ ἐμφάσεως, ὅτι πελαγίαν εἶπεν οὐ πρὸς ἀλήθειαν ἀλλὰ πρὸς ὑπερβολὴν καὶ μυθοποιίαν.
But neither is it impossible for the watering-place to fail, nor does he say that the watering took place from the island, but the departure only, because of the excellence of the harbor, and it was possible to draw the water from the opposite coast, the poet somehow acknowledging implicitly, because he called it oceanic, not in truth but for the sake of exaggeration and myth-making.