§1.2.11δεῖ δὲ ταῦτα προϋποθέμενον σκοπεῖν τί λέγουσιν οἱ φήσαντες περὶ Σικελίαν ἢ Ἰταλίαν γενέσθαι τῷ Ὀδυσσεῖ τὴν πλάνην καθʼ Ὅμηρον·
We must investigate, having assumed these things, what they say who assert that according to Homer the wandering of Odysseus occurred around Sicily or Italy.
ἔστι γὰρ ἀμφοτέρως τοῦτο δέξασθαι, καὶ βέλτιον καὶ χεῖρον· βέλτιον μέν, ἂν οὕτω δέχηται ὅτι πεισθεὶς ἐκεῖ τὴν πλάνην τῷ Ὀδυσσεῖ γενέσθαι, λαβὼν ἀληθῆ ταύτην τὴν ὑπόθεσιν ποιητικῶς διεσκεύασε· τοῦτο γὰρ οἰκείως ἂν λέγοιτο περὶ αὐτοῦ· καὶ οὐ μόνον γε περὶ Ἰταλίαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ μέχρι τῶν ἐσχάτων τῆς Ἰβηρίας ἐστὶν εὑρεῖν ἴχνη τῆς ἐκείνου πλάνης καὶ ἄλλων πλειόνων.
For it is possible to take this in two ways, both in a better and in a worse way; the better way is, if one takes it thus: that the poet, being convinced that the wandering had occurred to Odysseus there, and having taken this underlying assumption as true, elaborately fashioned it poetically; for this would be said appropriately concerning him, and indeed it is possible to find traces of his wandering, and that of many others, not only around Italy but even as far as the furthest parts of Iberia.
χεῖρον δέ, ἐάν τις καὶ τὴν διασκευὴν ὡς ἱστορίαν δέχηται, ἐκείνου ὠκεανὸν καὶ ᾄδην καὶ Ἡλίου βόας καὶ παρὰ θεαῖς ξενίας καὶ μεταμορφώσεις καὶ μεγέθη Κυκλώπων καὶ Λαιστρυγόνων καὶ μορφὴν Σκύλλης καὶ διαστήματα πλοῦ καὶ ἄλλα πλείω τοιαῦτα τερατογραφοῦντος φανερῶς.
The worse way is, if one receives even the poetic embellishment as history, while he is clearly writing monsters concerning the Ocean, Hades, the cattle of Helios, hospitality with goddesses, transformations, the sizes of the Cyclopes and Laestrygonians, the shape of Scylla, the distances of the voyage, and other such things.
οὔτε δὲ πρὸς τοῦτον ἄξιον ἀντιλέγειν οὕτω φανερῶς καταψευδόμενον τοῦ ποιητοῦ, καθάπερ οὐδʼ εἰ φαίη τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον γενέσθαι τὸν εἰς τὴν Ἰθάκην κατάπλουν τοῦ Ὀδυσσέως καὶ τὴν μνηστηροφονίαν καὶ τὴν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀγροῦ συστᾶσαν μάχην τοῖς Ἰθακησίοις πρὸς αὐτόν, οὔτε πρὸς τὸν δεξάμενον οἰκείως προσπλέκεσθαι δίκαιον.
And it is neither worth arguing against this person who so clearly misrepresents the poet—just as it would not be worth it if someone were to say that in this manner occurred the return of Odysseus to Ithaca, the slaughter of the suitors, and the battle that took place in the country against him by the Ithacans—nor is it just to quarrel with the one who has taken it in a proper way.
§1.2.12̔ο Ἐρατοσθένης δὲ πρὸς ἀμφοτέρας τὰς ἀποφάσεις ἀπήντηκεν οὐκ εὖ· πρὸς μὲν τὴν δευτέραν, ὅτι πειρᾶται διαβάλλειν φανερῶς ψευδῆ καὶ οὐκ ἄξια λόγου διὰ μακρῶν, πρὸς δὲ τὴν προτέραν, ποιητήν τε ἅπαντα ἀποφήνας φλύαρον καὶ μήτε τόπων ἐμπειρίαν μήτε τεχνῶν πρὸς ἀρετὴν συντείνειν νομίσας· τῶν τε μύθων τῶν μὲν ἐν τόποις οὐ πεπλασμένοις πεφημισμένων, οἷον ἐν Ἰλίῳ καὶ Ἴδῃ καὶ Πηλίῳ, τῶν δὲ ἐν πεπλασμένοις, καθάπερ ἐν οἷς αἱ Γοργόνες ἢ ὁ Γηρυόνης, ταύτης φησὶ τῆς ἰδέας εἶναι καὶ τοὺς κατὰ τὴν Ὀδυσσέως πλάνην λεγομένους, τοὺς δὲ μὴ πεπλάσθαι λέγοντας ἀλλʼ ὑποκεῖσθαι ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ μὴ συμφωνεῖν ἐλέγχεσθαι ψευδομένους· τὰς γοῦν Σειρῆνας τοὺς μὲν ἐπὶ τῆς Πελωριάδος καθιδρύειν, τοὺς δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν Σειρηνουσσῶν πλείους ἢ δισχιλίους διεχουσῶν σταδίους· εἶναι δʼ αὐτὰς σκόπελον τρικόρυφον διείργοντα τὸν Κυμαῖον καὶ Ποσειδωνιάτην κόλπον.
But Eratosthenes opposed both assertions in an unsatisfactory way: against the second, because he attempts to refute at great length things that are clearly false and not worth mentioning; against the first, by declaring every poet to be a trifler, and believing that neither geographical knowledge nor any of the arts contributes to excellence; and while some myths are set in places that are not fabricated, as at Ilium, Ida, and Pelion, while others are in fabricated places, as those in which the Gorgons or Geryones are, he says that those mentioned in the wanderings of Odysseus also belong to this latter class; and that those who say they are not fabricated but have a factual basis are proved to be lying by the very fact of their disagreement; at any rate, they locate the Sirens, some on Pelorias, and others on the Sirenussae, which are distant more than two thousand stadia; and they are a three-peaked cliff dividing the Cumaean and Poseidonian gulfs.
ἀλλʼ οὔθʼ ὁ σκόπελος οὗτος ἐστὶ τρικόρυφος οὔθʼ ὅλως κορυφοῦται πρὸς ὕψος, ἀλλʼ ἀγκών τις ἔκκειται μακρὸς καὶ στενὸς ἀπὸ τῶν κατὰ Συρρεντὸν χωρίων ἐπὶ τὸν κατὰ Καπρίας πορθμόν, ἐπὶ θάτερα μὲν τῆς ὀρεινῆς τὸ τῶν Σειρήνων ἱερὸν ἔχων, ἐπὶ θάτερα δὲ πρὸς τῷ Ποσειδωνιάτῃ κόλπῳ νησίδια τρία προκείμενα ἔρημα πετρώδη, ἃ καλοῦσι Σειρῆνας, ἐπʼ αὐτῷ δὲ τῷ πορθμῷ τὸ Ἀθήναιον, ᾧπερ ὁμωνυμεῖ καὶ ὁ ἀγκὼν αὐτός.
But neither is this cliff three-peaked, nor does it rise to a peak at all, but a long and narrow ridge projects from the regions around Surrentum to the strait near Capriae, having on one side of the mountain ridge the temple of the Sirens, and on the other side, towards the Poseidonian Gulf, three small, uninhabited, rocky islands lying offshore, which they call the Sirens, and at the strait itself the Athenaion, after which this very ridge is named.
§1.2.13Ἀλλʼ οὐδʼ εἰ μὴ συμφωνοῦσιν οἱ τὴν ἱστορίαν τῶν τόπων παραδιδόντες, εὐθὺς ἐκβάλλειν δεῖ τὴν σύμπασαν ἱστορίαν· ἀλλʼ ἔσθʼ ὅτε καὶ πιστοῦσθαι τὸ καθόλου μᾶλλόν ἐστιν.
But not even if those who transmit the historical account of the places disagree, ought we immediately to reject the whole historical account; rather, sometimes, it is the case that this even confirms the general fact more.
οἷόν τι λέγω, ζητουμένου εἰ κατὰ Σικελίαν καὶ Ἰταλίαν ἡ πλάνη γέγονε καὶ εἰ αἱ Σειρῆνες ἐνταῦθά που λέγονται· ὁ μὲν φήσας ἐν τῇ Πελωριάδι πρὸς τὸν ἐν ταῖς Σειρηνούσσαις διαφωνεῖ, ἀμφότεροι δὲ πρὸς τὸν περὶ Σικελίαν καὶ Ἰταλίαν λέγοντα οὐ διαφωνοῦσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ μείζω πίστιν παρέχουσιν, ὅτι καίπερ μὴ τὸ αὐτὸ χωρίον φράζοντες ὅμως οὐκ ἐκβεβήκεσάν γε τοῦ κατὰ τὴν Ἰταλίαν ἢ Σικελίαν.
For example, when it is investigated whether the wandering occurred around Sicily and Italy and whether the Sirens are said to be somewhere here: he who says they are on Pelorias disagrees with him who says they are on the Sirenussae, but both of them do not disagree with the one who says they are around Sicily and Italy, but rather they provide greater credibility, because, although they do not indicate the same spot, they nevertheless did not go outside the region of Italy or Sicily.
ἐὰν δὲ προσθῇ τις ὅτι ἐν Νεαπόλει Παρθενόπης δείκνυται μνῆμα μιᾶς τῶν Σειρήνων, ἔτι πλείων προσεγένετο πίστις, καίτοι τρίτου τινὸς λεχθέντος τούτου τοῦ τόπου.
And if someone adds that in Neapolis the tomb of Parthenope, one of the Sirens, is shown, still more credibility is added, even though this third place is mentioned.
ἀλλʼ ὅτι ἐν τούτῳ τῷ κόλπῳ τῷ ὑπὸ Ἐρατοσθένους λεχθέντι Κυμαίῳ, ὃν ποιοῦσιν αἱ Σειρηνοῦσσαι, καὶ ἡ Νεάπολις ἵδρυται, βεβαιοτέρως πιστεύομεν τὸ περὶ τούτους τοὺς τόπους γεγονέναι τὰς Σειρῆνας· οὔτε γὰρ τὸν ποιητὴν ἀκριβῶς ἕκαστα πυθέσθαι, οὔθʼ ἡμεῖς παρʼ ἐκείνου ζητοῦμεν τὸ ἀκριβές· οὐ μὴν οὐδʼ οὕτως ἔχομεν ὡς ὑπολαμβάνειν καὶ μηδὲν πεπυσμένον περὶ τῆς πλάνης, μήθʼ ὅπου μήθʼ ὅπως γεγένηται, ῥαψῳδεῖν.
But because Neapolis is also situated in this gulf, which was called Cumaean by Eratosthenes and which the Sirenussae form, we believe more firmly that the story about the Sirens happened around these places; for neither did the poet learn each detail precisely, nor do we seek precision from him; yet indeed we are not so disposed as to suppose that he, having heard nothing about the wandering, neither where nor how it occurred, was just reciting verses at random.