§2#2ἧς ἔργον ἐστὶ γέννησις καὶ τὸ χρῆσθαι τροφῇ· τοῦτο γὰρ ἔργον μάλιστα φυσικὸν πᾶσι τοῖς ζῶσιν, ὅσα μὴ ἀτελῆ ἢ πηρώματά ἐστιν ἢ αὐτόματον ἔχει τὴν γένεσιν, τὸ ποιῆσαι οἶον αὐτὸ ἕτερον, ζῷον μὲν ζῷα, φυτὸν δὲ φυτά, ἵνα τοῦ ἀεὶ καὶ τοῦ θείου μετέχῃ ἕκαστον ὃν δύναται τρόπον·
whose work is reproduction and the use of food; for this is the most natural work for all living things, as many as are not incomplete or mutilated or do not have spontaneous generation: to make another such as itself, an animal an animal, and a plant a plant, in order that they may partake of the eternal and divine in the way they can.
πάντα γὰρ ἐκείνου ὀρέγεται, κἀκείνου ἕνεκα πράττει ὅσα πράττει κατὰ φύσιν.
For all things desire that, and for the sake of that they do whatever they do according to nature.
τὸ γὰρ οὗ ἕνεκα διττόν, τὸ μὲν οὗ, τὸ δὲ ᾧ·
For "that for the sake of which" is twofold: that for which, and that for whom.
ἐπεὶ οὖν οὐ τῇ συνεχείᾳ τοῦ ἀεὶ καὶ τοῦ θείου δύναται κοινωνεῖν (οὐ γὰρ ἐνδέχεται τὸ αὐτὸ ἀεὶ ἀριθμῷ εἶναι οὐθὲν τῶν φθαρτῶν), ὃν τρόπον ἐπιβάλλει, τοῦτον ἕκαστον θιγγάνει, τὸ μὲν μᾶλλον, τὸ δὲ ἧττον· καὶ διαμένει οὐκ αὐτό, ἀλλʼ οἷον αὐτό, ἀριθμῷ μὲν οὐχ ἕν, εἴδει δʼ ἕν.
Since, then, they cannot share in the eternal and divine by continuity (for none of perishable things can remain eternally one and the same in number), each partakes in it in the way it can attain, one more, another less; and it remains not itself, but like itself, not one in number, but one in species.
ἔστι δʼ ἡ ψυχὴ ἀρχὴ τοῦ ζῶντος σώματος, ἀλλʼ ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ αἴτιον λέγεται πολλαχῶς.
And the soul is the principle of the living body, but "principle" and "cause" are spoken of in many ways.
ὁμοίως δʼ ἡ ψυχὴ τούς τρεῖς τρόπους αἰτία τοὺς διωρισμένους· καὶ γὰρ ὅθεν ἡ κίνησις καὶ οὗ ἕνεκα καὶ ὡς οὐσία τῶν ἐμψύχων σωμάτων ἐστὶν ἡ ψυχή.
Similarly, the soul is a cause in the three defined ways; for the soul is that from which movement arises, that for the sake of which, and as the essence of ensouled bodies.
ὅτι μὲν οὖν ὡς οὐσία δῆλον· τοῦ γὰρ εἶναι ἡ οὐσία αἴτιον πᾶσι, τὸ δὲ ζῆν τοῖς ζῶσι τὸ εἶναί ἐστιν, αἰτία δὲ καὶ ἀρχὴ ἡ ψυχὴ τούτου ἐστίν.
That it is cause as essence, then, is clear; for the essence is the cause of being for all things, and to live is the being for living things, and the soul is the cause and principle of this.
φανερὸν δὲ καὶ ὡς τὸ οὗ ἕνεκα ἡ ψνχή· καὶ γάρ ἡ φύσις ἕνεκά του ποιεῖ, ὥσπερ ὁ νοῦς, καὶ τοῦτʼ ἐστὶν αὐτῆς τὸ τέλος.
And it is also manifest that the soul is that for the sake of which; for nature, like intellect, acts for the sake of something, and this is its end.
καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ τοιοῦτον ἐν τοῖς κατὰ φύσιν, καὶ πᾶν τό σῶμα ὄργανον τῇ ψυχῇ· ὥσπερ δὲ τὸ τῶν ζῴων, καὶ τὸ τῶν φυτῶν.
And the soul is such in things according to nature, and the whole body is an instrument for the soul; and just as it is for animals, so too for plants.
ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ ὅθεν ἡ κίνησις πρῶτον ἡ κατὰ τόπον, τοῦτό ἐστι ψυχή· ἀλλʼ οὐ πᾶσι τοῖς ζῴοις ἡ τοιαύτη ὑπάρχει δύναμις·
Moreover, that from which movement in place first arises is the soul; yet such a power does not belong to all animals.
ἔτι δʼ ἀλλοίωσις καὶ αὔξησις κατὰ ψυχήν.
Furthermore, alteration and growth are in virtue of the soul.
ἡ μὲν γὰρ αἴσθησις δοκεῖ τις ἀλλοίωσις εἶναι, μὴ ἔχον δὲ ψυχὴν οὐθὲν ἂν αἴσθοιτο.
For perception seems to be a kind of alteration, and nothing without a soul would perceive.
ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ περὶ αὐξήσεως καὶ φθίσεως ἔχει· οὐθὲν γὰρ αὐξάνεται οὐδὲ φθίνει φυσικῶς μὴ τρεφόμενον, οὐδὲ τρέφεται μὴ ζωῆς μετέχον.
The same holds also concerning growth and decay; for nothing grows or decays naturally without being nourished, nor is anything nourished without partaking of life.
ἀλλὰ τοῦτο Ἐμπεδοκλῆς οὐκ εἴρηκεν ἀρθῶς, προστιθεὶς τὴν αὔξησιν συμβαίνειν τοῖς φυτοῖς κάτω μὲν διὰ τὸ τὴν γῆν φύσει οὕτω φέρεσθαι, ἄνω δὲ διὰ τὸ τὸ πῦρ.
But Empedocles has not spoken of this correctly, adding that growth occurs in plants downwards because the earth naturally travels that way, and upwards because fire does so.
οὔτε γὰρ τὸ κάτω καὶ ἄνω λαμβάνει ὀρθῶς· οὐ γὰρ τὸ αὐτὸ ἑκάστου τὸ ἄνω καὶ τὸ κάτω καὶ τοῦ παντός, ἀλλʼ ὡς ἡ κεφαλὴ τῶν ζῴων, οὕτως ἡ ῥίζα τῶν φυτῶν ἐστιν· τὸ δὲ αὐτὸ δεῖ λέγειν ὅργανον, ὧν ἂν ᾗ τὸ αὐτὸ ἔργον.
For he does not grasp the "up" and "down" correctly; for up and down are not the same for each thing and for the universe, but as the head is to animals, so is the root to plants; and one must say that organs are the same if they have the same work.
ἔτι δὲ τί τὸ συνέχον εἰς τἀναντία φερομένων;
Furthermore, what is it that holds together things that are being carried in opposite directions?
τοῦτο γὰρ αἴτιον τὸ τῆς αὐξήσεως καὶ τροφῆς· εἰ δὲ μή, οὐθὲν κωλύσει δι — —.
For this is the cause of growth and nourishment; otherwise, there would be nothing to prevent them...