§2.9Πάλιν ἐπὶ τῶν συστοίχων καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν πτώσεων, καὶ ἀναιροῦντα καὶ κατασκευάζοντα.
Again, one must examine from co-ordinates and from inflections, both for refuting and for establishing.
Λέγεται δὲ σύστοιχα μὲν τὰ τοιάδε οἷον τὰ δίκαια καὶ ὁ δίκαιος τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ τὰ ἀνδρεῖα καὶ ὁ ἀνδρεῖος τῇ ἀνδρίᾳ.
The following kinds of things are called co-ordinates, for example, 'just things' and 'the just man' in relation to 'justice', and 'courageous things' and 'the courageous man' in relation to 'courage'.
Ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τὰ ποιητικὰ ἢ φυλακτικὰ σύστοιχα ἐκείνου οὗ ἐστὶ ποιητικὰ ἢ φυλακτικά, οἷον τὰ ὑγιεινὰ ὑγιείας καὶ τὰ εὐεκτικὰ εὐεξίας.
Similarly, also, things that are productive or preservative are co-ordinates of that of which they are productive or preservative, for example, 'healthy things' in relation to 'health', and 'things productive of good condition' in relation to 'good condition'.
Τὸν αὐτὸν δὲ τρόπον καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων.
In the same way also in other cases.
Σύστοιχα μὲν οὖν τὰ τοιαῦτα εἴωθε λέγεσθαι, πτώσεις δὲ οἷον τὸ δικαίως καὶ ἀνδρείως καὶ ὑγιεινῶς καὶ ὅσα τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον λέγεται.
Now, such things are usually called co-ordinates, while inflections are, for example, 'justly', 'courageously', 'healthily', and all things spoken of in this manner.
Δοκεῖ δὲ καὶ τὰ κατὰ τὰς πτώσεις σύστοιχα εἶναι, οἷον τὸ μὲν δικαίως τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ, τὸ δὲ ἀνδρείως τῇ ἀνδρίᾳ.
It also seems that things according to inflections are co-ordinates, for example, 'justly' in relation to 'justice', and 'courageously' in relation to 'courage'.
Σύστοιχα δὲ λέγεται τὰ κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν συστοιχίαν ἅπαντα, οἷον δικαιοσύνη, δίκαιος, δίκαιον, δικαίως.
All things in the same coordinate series are called co-ordinates, for example, 'justice', 'just man', 'just thing', 'justly'.
Δῆλον οὖν ὅτι ἑνὸς ὁποιουοῦν δειχθέντος τῶν κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν συστοιχίαν ἀγαθοῦ ἢ ἐπαινετοῦ καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ πάντα δεδειγμένα ἔσται, οἷον εἰ ἡ δικαιοσύνη τῶν ἐπαινετῶν, καὶ ὁ δίκαιος καὶ τὸ δίκαιον καὶ τὸ δικαίως τῶν ἐπαινετῶν.
It is clear, then, that if any one of the things in the same coordinate series is shown to be good or laudable, all the rest will also have been shown to be so, for example, if 'justice' is among laudable things, 'just man', 'just thing', and 'justly' will also be among laudable things.
Ῥηθήσεται δὲ τὸ δικαίως καὶ ἐπαινετῶς κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν πτῶσιν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐπαινετοῦ, καθάπερ τὸ δικαίως ἀπὸ τῆς δικαιοσύνης.
And 'justly' and 'laudably' will be spoken of according to the same inflection from 'laudable', just as 'justly' is from 'justice'.
Σκοπεῖν δὲ μὴ μόνον ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῦ τοῦ εἰρημένου, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐναντίου τὸ ἐναντίον, οἷον ὅτι τὸ ἀγαθὸν οὐκ ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἡδύ· οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸ κακὸν λυπηρόν· ἢ εἰ τοῦτο, κἀκεῖνο.
And one must examine not only in the case of the thing itself spoken of, but also the contrary in the case of the contrary, for example, that the good is not necessarily pleasant; for neither is the bad painful; or if the latter, the former also.
Καὶ εἰ ἡ δικαιοσύνη ἐπιστήμη, καὶ ἡ ἀδικία ἄγνοια· καὶ εἰ τὸ δικαίως ἐπιστημονικῶς καὶ ἐμπείρως, τὸ ἀδίκως ἀγνοούντως καὶ ἀπείρως.
And if 'justice' is 'knowledge', 'injustice' is also 'ignorance'; and if 'justly' is 'knowingly' and 'skillfully', 'unjustly' is 'ignorantly' and 'unskillfully'.
Εἰ δὲ ταῦτα μή, οὐδ᾿ ἐκεῖνα, καθάπερ ἐπὶ τοῦ νῦν ῥηθέντος· μᾶλλον γὰρ ἂν φανείη τὸ ἀδίκως ἐμπείρως ἢ ἀπείρως.
And if the latter are not, neither are the former, just as in the case of what has just been spoken of; for 'unjustly' would seem to be skillful rather than unskillful.
Οὗτος δ᾿ ὁ τόπος εἴρηται πρότερον ἐν ταῖς τῶν ἐναντίων ἀκολουθήσεσιν· οὐδὲν γὰρ ἄλλο νῦν ἀξιοῦμεν ἢ τὸ ἐναντίον τῷ ἐναντίῳ ἀκολουθεῖν.
This topic was spoken of before in the consequences of contraries; for we now claim nothing other than that the contrary follows the contrary.
Ἔτι ἐπὶ τῶν γενέσεων καὶ φθορῶν καὶ ποιητικῶν καὶ φθαρτικῶν, καὶ ἀναιροῦντι καὶ κατασκευάζοντι.
Furthermore, one must examine from generations and destructions, and from productive and destructive factors, both for refuting and for establishing.
Ὧν γὰρ αἱ γενέσεις τῶν ἀγαθῶν, καὶ αὐτὰ ἀγαθά, καὶ εἰ αὐτὰ ἀγαθά, καὶ αἱ γενέσεις· εἰ δὲ αἱ γενέσεις τῶν κακῶν, καὶ αὐτὰ τῶν κακῶν.
For those things whose generations are among the good are themselves also good, and if they themselves are good, their generations are also; and if their generations are among the bad, they themselves are also among the bad.
Ἐπὶ δὲ τῶν φθορῶν ἀνάπαλιν· εἰ γὰρ αἱ φθοραὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν, αὐτὰ τῶν κακῶν, εἰ δ᾿ αἱ φθοραὶ τῶν κακῶν αὐτὰ τῶν ἀγαθῶν.
But in the case of destructions, it is in reverse; for if their destructions are among the good, they themselves are among the bad, and if their destructions are among the bad, they themselves are among the good.
Ὁ δ᾿ αὐτὸς λόγος καὶ ἐπὶ ποιητικῶν καὶ φθαρτικῶν· ὧν μὲν γὰρ τὰ ποιητικὰ ἀγαθά, καὶ αὐτὰ τῶν ἀγαθῶν, ὧν δὲ τὰ φθαρτικὰ ἀγαθά, αὐτὰ τῶν κακῶν.
The same argument holds also for productive and destructive factors; for those things whose productive factors are good are themselves also among the good, while those things whose destructive factors are good are themselves among the bad.