§1.6.1Πάλιν τῶν ἀρωματοφόρων δένδρων τινῶν μὲν ἡ ῥίζα ἀρωματική ἐστιν, τινῶν ὁ φλοιός, τινῶν τὸ ξύλον· ἄλλων τὰ μέρη ὅλα εἰσὶν ἀρωματικά, ὡς τὸ βάλσαμον.
Again, of aromatic trees, of some indeed the root is aromatic, of some the bark, of some the wood; of others all the parts are aromatic, like balsam.
Πάλιν τῶν δένδρων τὰ μὲν γεννῶνται ἐκ σπέρματος, τὰ δὲ δι’ ἑαυτῶν.
Again, of trees, some are generated from seed, and some of themselves.
§1.6.2Καὶ πάλιν τὰ μὲν ἀπὸ ῥιζῶν ἐκσπῶνται καὶ μεταφυτεύονται, τὰ δὲ ἐκ τοῦ φιτροῦ, τὰ δὲ ἐκ τῶν κλάδων ἢ ἀπὸ τοῦ σπέρματος.
And again, some are pulled up from the roots and transplanted, some from the trunk, and some from the branches or from the seed.
Καὶ τινὰ μὲν δι’ ἑαυτῶν κατὰ μικρὸν ἐκτείνονται, τινὰ δὲ ἐν τῇ γῇ.
And some indeed extend themselves by themselves little by little, and some in the earth.
Καὶ τινὰ μὲν ἐν τοῖς δένδροις φυτεύονται, ὡς τὰ ἐγκεντριζόμενα.
And some indeed are planted in trees, like those grafted.
Ἔστι δὲ βελτίων ὁ ἐγκεντρισμὸς ὁμοίων εἰς ὅμοια.
And the grafting of like onto like is better.
§1.6.3Ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἀναλογία ἄλλη τις, δι’ ἦς ἀρίστως συμβαίνουσι τὰ ἀνόμοια, ὡς αἱ μηλέαι μετὰ τῶν ὀχνῶν.
And there is also some other proportion through which unlike things agree best, like apple trees with pear trees.
Ἐν δὲ τοῖς ὁμοίοις, ὡς συκῆ ἐν συκῇ καὶ ἄμπελος ἐν ἀμπέλῳ καὶ ἀμυγδαλῆ ἐν ἀμυγδαλῇ, §1.6.4Ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἄλλος ἐμφυλλισμὸς ἐν ἄλλοις διαφόροις γένεσιν, ὡς ἀρτεμισία εἰς ἀγρίαν ἀρτεμισίαν καὶ καλλιέλαιος εἰς ἀγριέλαιον καὶ ἡ μορέα εἰς πολλὰ δένδρα.
But among like things, as a fig in a fig, a vine in a vine, and an almond in an almond, And there is also another budding in other different genera, as wormwood into wild wormwood, cultivated olive into wild olive, and the mulberry into many trees.
Τῶν δένδρων πάλιν τὰ ἄγρια καὶ τὰ κηπαῖα, καὶ πᾶν φυτὸν οὐ προάγει σπέρμα ὅμοιον τῷ σπέρματι ἐξ οὗ ἀνεφύη ἕκαστον.
Again, of trees, the wild and the cultivated, and every plant does not produce a seed like the seed from which each grew.
§1.6.5Τινὰ γὰρ κρεῖττον σπέρμα ποιοῦσι, τινὰ χεῖρον.
For some make better seed, and some worse.
Καὶ ἐκ τινῶν κακῶν σπερμάτων καλὰ δένδρα προβαίνουσιν, ὡς τὰ ἐξ ἀμυγδαλῆς μικρᾶς καὶ ῥοιᾶς ὀξώδους.
And from some bad seeds good trees proceed, like those from a small almond and a sour pomegranate.
Τινῶν δένδρων πάλιν σπέρμα ἂν ἀσθενὲς γένηται, ἐκλείπει τὸ γενέσθαι καλὰ αὐτά, ὡς αἱ πεῦκαι καὶ οἱ φοίνικες.
Again, of some trees, if the seed becomes weak, they fail to become good themselves, like pines and dates.
§1.6.6Οὐ προέρχονται δὲ ῥᾳδίως ἐκ σπέρματος κακοῦ καλὰ δένδρα, οὐδ’ ἐκ σπέρματος ἀγαθοῦ κακὰ δένδρα.
But good trees do not easily proceed from bad seed, nor bad trees from good seed.
Τὸ δὲ ἐκ πονηροῦ γενέσθαι ἀγαθόν, καὶ τὸ ἐναντίον, ἐν τοῖς ζῴοις πολλάκις εὑρίσκεται.
But for a good thing to be generated from a bad, and the contrary, is often found in animals.
Πάλιν δένδρον τὸ ἔχον σκληρὸν λίαν τὸν φλοιὸν στεῖρον ἀποκαθίσταται· ἐὰν δὲ σχισθῇ ἡ ῥίζα αὐτοῦ καὶ τῇ σχισμῇ λίθος ἐμβληθῇ, εὔφορον γίνεται.
Again, a tree that has an extremely hard bark is rendered sterile; but if its root is split and a stone is cast into the split, it becomes fruitful.
§1.6.7Ἐν δὲ τοῖς φοίνιξιν ἂν φύλλα ἢ ψῆνες ἢ φλοιὸς τοῦ ἄρρενος φοίνικος τοῖς φύλλοις τοῦ θήλεος συντεθείη, ἵνα πως συναφθῶσι, ταχέως πεπαίνονται οἱ καρποί, κωλύεται δὲ καὶ ἡ πτῶσις αὐτῶν, Διακρίνεται δὲ ὁ ἄρρην ἀπὸ τοῦ θήλεος, ὅτι πρώτως βλαστάνουσι τὰ τούτου φύλλα, ἅ εἰσι παρὰ τὰ τοῦ θήλεος μικρότερα· ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ τῆς εὐωδίας.
But in dates, if the leaves or gall-insects or bark of the male date should be placed together with the leaves of the female, so that they may somehow be joined, the fruits ripen quickly, and their falling is also prevented. And the male is distinguished from the female, because its leaves sprout first, which are smaller than those of the female; but also by the fragrance.
§1.6.8Ἀλλαχοῦ δὲ ἔκ τινος τούτων ἢ ἐκ πάντων συμβαίνει.
And elsewhere it happens from some of these or from all of them.
Τυχὸν δὲ καὶ εἰ ἐκ τῆς εὐωδίας τοῦ ἄρρενος ἐπαγάγῃ τι ἄνεμος πρὸς τὸν θῆλυν, πεπαίνονται καὶ οὕτως οἱ καρποί, ὥσπερ ὁπόταν τὰ φύλλα τοῦ ἄρρενος τῷ θήλει ἀπαιωρῶνται.
And perhaps also if the wind carries some of the fragrance of the male to the female, the fruits ripen even so, just as when the leaves of the male are suspended near the female.
§1.6.9Συκαῖ ὡσαύτως ἄγριαι εἰς τὴν γῆν ἐξαπλωθεῖσαι συμβάλλονται τὰ πολλὰ ταῖς κηπαίαις συκαῖς.
Likewise, wild figs spread out on the ground contribute for the most part to cultivated figs.
Τὰ βαλαύστια ταῖς ἐλαίαις συμβάλλουσιν, ὅταν ὁμοῦ φυτεύωνται.
Wild pomegranate flowers contribute to olives when they are planted together.