§1.5.1Πάλιν τῶν φυτῶν τινὰ μὲν τῇ γῇ πεπήγασι καὶ οὐ φιλοῦσι χωρίζεσθαι ἀπ’ αὐτῆς· τινὰ δὲ ἐν τόποις κρείττοσι μετατίθενται.
Again, of plants, some indeed are fixed in the earth and do not like to be separated from it; but some are transplanted to better places.
Ὁμοίως τινὲς τῶν καρπῶν κρείττονές εἰσιν ἐν τῷδε τῷ τόπῳ παρὸ ἐν ἑτέρῳ.
Similarly, some of the fruits are better in this place than in another.
Καὶ τινῶν μὲν φυτῶν τὰ φύλλα σκληρά εἰσι, τινῶν δὲ λεῖα· καὶ τινῶν μὲν ἐσχισμένα, ὡς τὰ τῶν ἀμπέλων καὶ τῶν συκῶν, τινῶν δ’ οὔ· ἑτέρων δὲ κατὰ πολὺ ἐσχισμένα, ὡς τὰ τῆς πεύκης.
And of some plants indeed the leaves are hard, but of some smooth; and of some indeed split, like those of vines and figs, but of some not; and of others much split, like those of the pine.
§1.5.2Τινὰ δὲ φυτά εἰσιν ὅλως φλοιὸς μεσιτεύων.
And some plants are entirely an intervening bark.
Καὶ τινὰ ἔχουσι δεσμούς, ὡς οἱ κάλαμοι, τινὰ δ’ οὔ.
And some have knots, like reeds, and some do not.
Καὶ τινὰ ἔχουσιν ἀκάνθας, ὡς αἱ ῥάμνοι, τινὰ δὲ ἐστέρηνται ἀκανθῶν.
And some have thorns, like buckthorns, and some are deprived of thorns.
Καὶ τινὰ ἔχουσι πολλοὺς κλάδους, ὡς ἡ ἀγρία μορέα, τινὰ δ’ οὔ.
And some have many branches, like the wild mulberry, and some do not.
§1.5.3Καὶ τινὰ μὲν ἔχουσι διαφορὰς ἄλλας ἐξ ὦ προβαίνουσι παραφυάδες καὶ ἐξ ὦν οὐχί· τοῦτο δὲ οὐκ ἄλλοθέν ἐστιν εἰ μὴ ἐκ τῆς διαφορᾶς τῶν ῥιζῶν.
And some indeed have other differences in respect of those from which shoots proceed and those from which they do not; and this is from no other source than the difference of the roots.
Τινὰ δὲ ἔχουσι μίαν ῥίζαν, ὡς ἡ σκίλλα· αὕτη δὲ γεννᾶται ἐκ τοῦ ἐδάφους, καὶ ἀραιῶς πρόεισιν, ὅτι ὑποκάτω πλατύνεται, καὶ ἀκολουθοῦσα μᾶλλον διακρίνεται τῷ ἡλίῳ· ὅταν γὰρ προσβάλλῃ αὐτῇ, αὐξάνει.
And some have a single root, like the squill; and this is generated from the ground, and proceeds sparsely, because it widens below, and following this, it is more clearly distinguished by the sun; for when it falls upon it, it grows.
§1.5.4Οὖτος δὲ ταύτης καὶ τὰς παραφυάδας κάτωθεν ἐκμυζᾷ.
And this (the sun) also sucks up its shoots from below.
Πάλιν τῶν χυλῶν τῶν ἐν τοῖς καρποῖς οἱ μέν εἰσι ποτοί, οἱ δὲ οὐ ποτοί· καὶ ποτοὶ μὲν οἱ τῶν σταφυλῶν καὶ τῶν ῥοιῶν καὶ λοιπῶν ἄλλων πολλῶν, ἄποτοι δὲ ἄλλων φυτῶν.
Again, of the juices in fruits, some indeed are drinkable, and some are not drinkable; and drinkable indeed are those of grapes, pomegranates, and many others, but undrinkable are those of other plants.
§1.5.5Καἰ τινῶν μέν εἰσι λιπαροί, ὡς οἱ τῆς ἐλαίας, τῆς πεύκης καὶ τῆς καρύας, τινῶν δ’ οὔ.
And of some indeed they are oily, like those of the olive, the pine, and the walnut, and of some not.
Καὶ τινῶν μὲν γλυκεῖς καὶ μελιηδεῖς, ὡς τῶν φοινίκων καὶ τῶν συκῶν· καὶ τινῶν μὲν θερμοὶ καὶ δριμεῖς, ὡς τοῦ ὀριγάνου καὶ τοῦ σινήπιος, τινῶν δὲ πικροί, ὡς τοῦ ἀψινθίου καὶ τῆς κενταυρέας.
And of some indeed sweet and honey-sweet, like those of dates and figs; and of some indeed hot and pungent, like those of oregano and mustard, and of some bitter, like those of wormwood and centaury.
Πάλιν τῶν καρπῶν οἱ μέν εἰσι σύνθετοι ἐκ σαρκῶν καὶ κόκκων καὶ λεμμάτων, ὡε οἱ σικυοί, τινὲς δὲ ἐκ χυμοῦ καὶ κόκκων, ὡς αἱ ῥοιαί.
Again, of fruits, some indeed are composite of flesh, seeds, and husks, like cucumbers, and some of juice and seeds, like pomegranates.
§1.5.6Καὶ τινὰ μὲν τοὺς φλοιοὺς ἔχουσιν ἐκτός, τὴν δὲ σάρκα ἐντός, τινὰ δὲ τὸ ὀστοῦν ἐντὸς καὶ τὴν σάρκα ἐκτός.
And some indeed have their bark on the outside, and the flesh on the inside, but some have the stone on the inside, and the flesh on the outside.
Τινὰ δέ εἰσιν ἐν οἶς παραυτίκα γίνεται τὸ σπέρμα καὶ τὸ περικάλυμμα ᾦ περικαλύπτονται, ὡς οἱ καρποὶ τῶν φοινίκων καὶ τῶν ἀμυγδαλῶν· τινῶν δ’ οὐχί.
And there are some in which immediately the seed and the covering with which they are covered are generated, like the fruits of dates and almonds, but of some not.
§1.5.7Καὶ τινὲς καρποί εἰσι βρώσιμοι καὶ κατὰ συμβεβηκὸς ἄβρωτοι· καὶ τινὲς καρποὶ ἡμῖν μὲν ἄβρωτοι, ἄλλοις δὲ βρώσιμοι, ὡς ὁ ὑοσκύαμος καὶ ὁ ἑλλέβορος ἀνθρώποις μὲν δηλητήριον, τροφὴ δὲ τοῖς ὄρτυξι.
And some fruits are edible, and by accident inedible; and some fruits are inedible to us, but edible to others, like henbane and hellebore, which are poison to humans, but food to quails.
Πάλιν τινὲς τῶν καρπῶν εἰσὶν ἐν θήκαις, ὡς οἱ κόκκοι τοῦ κυάμου· τινὲς ἐν περικαλύμματι καὶ ἐν λέμματι οἷον ὑφάσματί τινι, ὡς ἐν σίτῳ εὑρίσκεται καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς.
Again, some of the fruits are in pods, like the seeds of the broad bean; some in a covering and in a husk like a certain texture, as is found in wheat and the rest.
§1.5.8Καὶ τινὲς μὲν ἐν σαρκί εἰσιν, ὡς οἱ τῶν φοινίκων καρποί, τινὲς δὲ οἶον ἐν οἰκίσκοις, ὡς αἱ βάλανοι, ἄλλοι δ’ ἐν οἰκίσκοις πολλοῖς καὶ λέμμασι καὶ ὀστράκοις, ὡς τὰ κάρυα.
And some indeed are in flesh, like the fruits of dates, and some as if in little houses, like acorns, and others in many little houses, husks, and shells, like walnuts.
§1.5.9Καὶ τινὲς μὲν ὀξέως πεπαίνονται, ὡς οἱ καρποὶ τῆς μορέας καὶ τῆς κεράσου, τινὲς δὲ βραδέως, ὡς πάντες οἱ καρποὶ οἱ ἄγριοι ἢ οἱ πλείονες αὐτῶν.
And some indeed ripen quickly, like the fruits of the mulberry and the cherry, but some slowly, like all wild fruits or the majority of them.
Καὶ τινὰ μὲν φυτὰ ὀξέως προάγουσι φύλλα καὶ καρπούς, τινὰ δὲ βραδέως· καὶ τούτων τινὰ τῷ χειμῶνι ἀκολουθοῦσι, πρὶν ἂν πεπανθῶσι.
And some plants indeed produce leaves and fruits quickly, and some slowly; and some of these follow the winter before they are ripened.
§1.5.10Καὶ πάλιν τὰ χρώματα τῶν φύλλων καὶ τῶν καρπῶν καὶ τῶν οἶον ἐπ’ αὐτοῖς ὑφασμάτων λίαν εἰσὶ διάφορα· τινὰ γὰρ τῶν φυτῶν ἐν τῇ οἰκείᾳ ὁλότητι εἰσὶ χλοάζοντα, καὶ τινὰ μὲν ἐκκλίνουσιν εἰς μελανίαν, τινὰ δὲ εἰς λευκότητα, καὶ τινὰ εἰς ἐρυθρότητα διὰ τὴν θερμότητα τὴν ἐκκαίουσαν τὸν ἀέρα τὸν κεκραμένον μετὰ τοῦ προσγείου.
And again, the colors of the leaves, fruits, and things like textures upon them are very different; for some of the plants are green in their own entirety, and some indeed incline to blackness, some to whiteness, and some to redness because of the heat burning up the air mixed with the ground.
§1.5.11Πάλιν τὰ σχήματα τῶν καρπῶν, εἰ εἰσὶν ἄγρια, καὶ διαφόρων εἰσὶ θέσεων· οὐδὲ γὰρ πάντες οἱ καρποί εἰσι γωνιώδεις, οὐδὲ πάντες διὰ γραμμῆς εὐθείας.
Again, the shapes of the fruits, if they are wild, are also of different positions; for not all fruits are angular, nor are all along a straight line.