§1.3.1Τινὰ τῶν φυτῶν ἔχουσί τι ὑγρὸν ὡς ῥητίνην, ὡς κόμι, ὡς σμύρναν, ὡς θυμίαμα καὶ ὡς κόμι Ἀραβικόν.
Some plants have a certain moisture such as resin, gum, myrrh, frankincense, and gum Arabic.
Πάλιν τινὰ δένδρα ἔχουσι δεσμοὺς καὶ φλέβας καὶ κοιλίαν καὶ φιτρούς καὶ φλοιὸν καὶ μυελὸν ἐντός.
Again, some trees have fibres, veins, a cavity, trunks, bark, and pith inside.
Καὶ τινὰ ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖστόν εἰσι φλοιός.
And some are mostly bark.
§1.3.2Καὶ τινῶν μὲν ὁ καρπὸς ὑπὸ τὸν φλοιὸν ἤγουν ἐντὸς τοῦ φλοιοῦ καὶ τοῦ φιτροῦ.
And of some, indeed, the fruit is under the bark, that is, inside the bark and the trunk.
Καὶ τινὰ μὲν μέρη τοῦ δένδρου εἰσὶν ἀπλᾶ, ὡς ὁ χυμὸς ὁ εὑρισκόμενος ἐν αὐτοῖς καὶ οἱ δεσμοὶ καὶ αἱ φλέβες· τινὰ δέ εἰσι σύνθετα ἐκ τούτων, ὡς κλάδοι καὶ λύγοι καὶ φύλλα.
And some parts of the tree are simple, such as the juice found in them, and the fibres, and the veins; but some are composite of these, such as branches, twigs, and leaves.
Ταῦτα δὲ πάντα οὐχ εὐρίσκομεν ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς φυτοῖς.
But we do not find all these in all plants.
§1.3.3Τινὰ γὰρ τῶν φυτῶν ἔχουσι καὶ ταῦτα καὶ ἄλλα μέρη, λύγους, φύλλα, κλάδους, ἄνθη καὶ βλαστούς καὶ φλοιὸν τὸν περικυκλοῦντα τὸν καρπόν.
For some plants have both these and other parts: twigs, leaves, branches, flowers, shoots, and the bark surrounding the fruit.
Καὶ καθώς εἰσι καὶ ἐν τοῖς ζῴοις μέλη ὁμοιομερῆ, οὕτω καὶ ἐν τοῖς φυτοῖς.
And just as there are homeomerous parts in animals, so also in plants.
§1.3.4Καὶ ἕκαστα τῶν μερῶν τοῦ φυτοῦ σύνθετα εἰσὶν ὅμοια μέλεσι ζῴου· ὁ δὲ φλοιὸς τοῦ φυτοῦ ὅμοιός ἐστι φυσικῶς δέρματι ζῴου, οἱ δὲ δεσμοὶ πάλιν ὅμοιοι νεύροις ζῴου.
And each of the parts of the plant is composite, resembling the members of an animal; and the bark of the plant is naturally like the skin of an animal, and the fibres again are like the sinews of an animal.
§1.3.5Ὁμοίως καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τὰ ἐν αὐτῷ, Καὶ τινὰ μὲν τῶν μερῶν διαιροῦνταί πως διὰ μερῶν ἀνομοίων, τινὰ δὲ δι’ ὁμοίων, οἷον ὡς ἐπὶ τοῦ πηλοῦ· οὗτος γὰρ ἑνὶ τρόπῳ διαιρεῖται διὰ τῆς γῆς μόνον, καὶ ἀλλοτρόπως διὰ τῶν στοιχείων.
Likewise also the other things in it. And some of the parts are divided in a way by unlike parts, and some by like parts, as in the case of clay; for this is divided in one way by earth alone, and in another way by the elements.
Ὡσαύτως ὁ πνεύμων καὶ ἡ σὰρξ διαιροῦνται μὲν πρώτως, καὶ εἰσὶ μέρη τούτων σὰρξ καὶ πνεύμων· ἄλλως δὲ διαιροῦνται καὶ διὰ τῶν στοιχείκων.
In the same way, the lung and the flesh are divided primarily, and parts of these are flesh and lung; but in another way they are also divided by the elements.
§1.3.6Ὁμοίως καὶ αἱ τῶν φυτῶν ῥίζαι.
Likewise also the roots of plants.
Πλὴν οὐ διαιρεῖται καὶ ἡ χεὶρ εἰς ἄλλην χεῖρα, οὐδὲ ἡ ῥίζα εἰς ἄλλην ῥίζαν, οὐδὲ τὰ φύλλα εἰς ἄλλα φύλλα.
However, the hand is not divided into another hand, nor the root into another root, nor the leaves into other leaves.
Ἐν ταύταις γοῦν ταῖς ῥίζαις καὶ ἐν αὐτοῖς τοῖς φύλλοις ἐστὶν ἡ σύνθεσις.
In these roots, therefore, and in these leaves themselves, there is composition.
Πάλιν τινὲς μὲν τῶν καρπῶν εἰσὶν ἐκ μερῶν ὀλίγων συγκείμενοι, τινὲς δὲ ἐκ μερῶν πολλῶν, ὡς ἐπὶ τῶν ἐλαιῶν.
Again, some of the fruits are composed of few parts, and some of many parts, as in the case of olives.
§1.3.7Αὗται γὰρ ἔχουσι φλοιὸν σάρκα καί τι ὀστρακῶδες καὶ σπέρμα καὶ καρπόν.
For these have bark, flesh, and something shell-like, and a seed, and fruit.
Τινὰ δὲ ἔχουσι καὶ περικαλύμματα.
And some have also coverings.
Πάντα δὲ τὰ σπέρματά εἰσιν ἐκ δύο φλοιῶν.
And all seeds consist of two skins.
§1.3.8Καὶ μέρη μὲν τῶν φυτῶν εἰσὶν ἅπερ εἴπομεν, ἡ δ’ ἀκρότης τοῦ παρόντος λόγου ἐστὶ διορίσασθαι ταῦτα τὰ μέρη τῶν φυτῶν, τὰ περικαλύμματα αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς αὐτῶν διαφοράς· ὅπερ ἐστὶ πάνυ δυσχερές, καὶ ἐξαιρέτως τὸ διορίσασθαι τὴν οὐσίαν αὐτῶν καὶ τὸ χρῶμα καὶ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς διαμονῆς αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς συνοχὰς τὰς περιπιπτούσας αὐτοῖς, καὶ ὅτι οὐκ ἔχουσι τὰ φυτὰ ἤθη ψυχῆς, οὐδὲ διάθεσιν ἴσην διαθέσει ψυχῆς.
And the parts of plants are indeed what we have said, but the height of the present discourse is to define these parts of plants, their coverings, and their differences; which is altogether difficult, and especially to define their essence, color, the period of their duration, and the connections that happen to them, and that plants do not have habits of soul, nor a disposition equal to the disposition of a soul.
§1.3.9Ἐὰν γοῦν κατὰ ἀναλογίαν θῶμεν τὰ μέρη τῆς ψυχῆς μετὰ τῶν μερῶν τοῦ φυτοῦ, μηκυνθήσεται ὁ λόγος, καὶ τυχὸν οὐδὲ δυνηθείημεν διεξελθεῖν ἂν ταῦτα, μεγάλαις διαφοραῖς ἀπαριθμοῦντες τὰ μέρη τῶν φυτῶν.
If, therefore, we place the parts of the soul in analogy with the parts of the plant, the discourse will be lengthened, and perhaps we might not even be able to go through these, enumerating the parts of plants with great differences.
Καὶ γὰρ μέρος ἑκάστου πράγματος ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου γένους ἐστὶ καὶ ἐκ τῆς ἰδίας οὐσίας.
For indeed, the part of each thing is from its own genus and from its own essence.