§1.2.12Καὶ ὥσπερ ἐστὶν ἐν τοῖς ᾠοῖς ὅτε γίνεται νεοσσός, ἔστιν ἐντεῦθεν καὶ ἡ τροφὴ αὐτοῦ μέχρι καὶ αὐτῆς τῆς ὥρας τῆς συμπληρώσεως καὶ τῆς οἰκείας ἐξόδου, καὶ τότε τὸ θῆλυ ἐκτίθησι τὸν νεοσσὸν ἐν μιᾷ ὥρᾳ. · οὕτω καὶ τὸ σπέρμα τοῦ φυτοῦ.
And just as it is in eggs when the chick comes into being, there is also its nourishment from there up to the very hour of its completion and its own exit, and then the female produces the chick at one time; so also is the seed of the plant.
§1.2.13Εἶπε δὲ πάλιν Ἐμπεδοκλῆς ὅτι τὰ φυτά, εἰ καὶ νεοσσοὺς οὐ γεννῶσι, διότι τὸ γεννώμενον οὐ γεννᾶται εἰ μὴ ἐκ τῆς φύσεως τοῦ σπέρματος, καὶ ὅτι ὅπερ μένει ἐξ αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ τροφὴ γίνεται τῆς ῥίζης, καὶ τὸ γεννώμενον κινεῖ αὐτὸ ἑαυτὸ παραυτίκα, ὅμως οὕτως ὀφείλομεν ὑπολαμβάνειν καὶ ἐν τῇ μίξει τῶν ἀρρένων καὶ τῶν θηλέων φυτῶν, ὡς ἐπὶ τῶν ζῴων, ὅτι καὶ ἡ μίξις τῶν φυτῶν ἐστὶν ἐν διοικήσει τινί· ἀλλ’ ἐν τοῖς ζῴοις, ὅτε μίγνυνται, τὰ γένη μίγνυνται καὶ αἱ δυνάμεις τῶν γενῶν, αἳ ἦσαν πρότερον κεχωρισμέναι, καὶ προῆλθεν ἐκ τούτων ἀμφοτέρων πρᾶγμά τι ἔν· ὃ δὴ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν τοῖς φυτοῖς.
And Empedocles said again that plants, although they do not generate chicks—because that which is generated is not generated except from the nature of the seed, and that what remains of it in the beginning becomes nourishment for the root, and that which is generated immediately moves itself—nevertheless we must assume in this way also in the mixture of male and female plants, as in the case of animals, that the mixture of plants is under a certain administration; but in animals, when they are mixed, the genders are mixed and the powers of the genders, which were previously separated, and one thing came forth from both of them, which indeed is not the case in plants.
§1.2.14Οὐ γἀρ ὅτε μίγνυνται τὰ γένη, καὶ αἱ δυνάμεις αὑτῶν μετὰ ταῦτα γίνονται κεχωρισμέναι.
For it is not the case that when the genders are mixed, their powers afterwards become separated.
Εἰ γοῦν ἡ φύσις ἔμιξε τὸ ἄρρεν μετὰ τοῦ θήλεος, καλῶς προέβη, ὅτι οὐχ εύρίσκομεν ἐνέργειάν τινα ἐν τοῖς φυτοῖς παρὰ τὴν γένεσιν τῶν καρπῶν.
If therefore nature mixed the male with the female, it proceeded well, because we do not find any activity in plants other than the generation of fruits.
§1.2.15Οὐδὲ γάρ ἐστι ζῷον κεχωρισμένον τοῦ θήλεος εἰ μὴ ἐν ὥραις αἷς οὐ συνἀπτεται.
For neither is the animal separated from the female except in the seasons in which it does not copulate.
Τοῦτο δέ ἐστι διὰ τὰς πολλὰς ἐνεργείας αὐτοῦ καὶ διὰ τὰς πολλὰς αὐτοῦ ἐπιστήμας.
And this is on account of its many activities and its many faculties.
§1.2.16Εἰσὶ δὲ οἵτινες τὰ φυτὰ πεπληρωμένα ὑπολαμβάνουσι, καὶ τὴν χάριν τῆς ζωῆς αὐτῶν εἶναι διὰ τὰς δύο δυνάμεις ἂς ἔχει, ἤγουν διὰ τὴν τροφὴν τὴν ἐπιτηδείαν εἰς τὸ τρέφειν αὐτὰ καὶ διὰ τὴν μακρότητα τῆς οἰκείας ὑπάρξεως καὶ τοῦ καιροῦ ὁπόταν βλαστάνῃ καὶ καρποφορῇ ἡ ζωὴ αὐτῶν, καὶ στρέφηται πρὸς αὐτὰ ἡ νεότης αὐτῶν, καὶ οὐ γίνηται ἐν αὐτοῖς τι περιττόν,
And there are some who suppose plants to be complete, and the grace of their life to be due to the two powers they have, namely due to the nourishment suitable for nourishing them, and due to the length of their own existence and of the season when their life buds and bears fruit, and their youth returns to them, and nothing superfluous occurs in them.
§1.2.17Οὐ δεῖται δὲ τὸ φυτὸν ὕπνου διὰ πολλὰς αἰτίας, ὅτι κεῖται τὸ φυτὸν ἐν τῇ γῇ, καὶ δεσμεῖται ὑπ’ αὐτῆς, καὶ οὐκ ἔχει κίνησιν, ἐν ἑαυτῷ, οὐδὲ ὅρον διωρισμένον ἐν τοῖς οἰκείοις μέρεσιν οὔτε αἴσθησιν ἔχει, οὔτε κίνησιν αὐτοπροαίρετον, οὔτε ψυχὴν τελείαν· τοῦτο δὲ ἔχει μᾶλλον μέρος μέρους ψυχῆς.
And the plant does not need sleep for many reasons: because the plant lies in the earth, and is bound by it, and has no movement in itself, nor a defined limit in its own parts, nor does it have sensation, nor self-determined movement, nor a perfect soul; but this has rather a part of a part of a soul.
§1.2.18Καὶ τὸ φυτὸν οὐκ ἐδημιουργήθη εἰ μὴ διὰ τὸ ζῷον, τὸ δὲ ζῷον οὐκ ἐδημιουργήθη διὰ τὸ φυτόν.
And the plant was not created except for the sake of the animal, but the animal was not created for the sake of the plant.
Καὶ πάλιν ἐὰν εἴπῃ τις ὅτι τὸ φυτὸν δεῖται μὲν τροφῆς εὐτελοῦς καὶ μοχθηράς, εἰ καὶ δεῖται δὲ τοιαύτης, ὅμως κατὰ πολὺ σταθηρᾶς καὶ συνεχοῦς καὶ μὴ ῥᾳδίως διαφθειρομένης, κἀντεῦθεν συνίσταται ἵνα τὸ φυτὸν ἔχῃ τι κρεῖττον παρὰ τὸ ζῷον, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἀνάγκη καὶ πράγματα ἄψυχα εἶναι εὐγενέστερα τῶν ἐμψύχων.
And again, if someone should say that the plant indeed needs cheap and poor nourishment—even if it does need such—yet it is by far stable and continuous and not easily destroyed, and from this it is established that the plant has something better than the animal, then by this reason even inanimate things must be nobler than animate ones.
§1.2.19Ἀλλὰ ἔργον ἐν τοῦ ζῴου ἐστὶ κρεῖττον παρὰ πᾶν ἔργον τοῦ φυτοῦ, Ἄλλως τε εὑρίσκομεν καὶ ἐν τῷ ζῴῳ πάσας τὰς δυνάμεις τὰς ἐν τῷ φυτῷ, καὶ ἄλλας πολλάς, οὐ μὴν καὶ ἔμπαλιν.
But one function of the animal is better than every function of the plant. Moreover, we find also in the animal all the powers that are in the plant, and many others, but indeed not vice versa.
Εἶπε πάλιν ὁ Ἐμπεδοκλῆς ὅτι τὰ φυτὰ ἔχουσι γένεσιν ἐν κόσμῳ ἠλαττωμένῳ καὶ οὐ τελείῳ κατὰ τὴν συμπλήρωσιν αὐτοῦ, ταύτης δὲ συμπληρουμένης οὐ γεννᾶται ζῷον.
Empedocles said again that plants have their generation in a diminished world, and one not perfect in its completion, and when this is completed, an animal is not generated.
§1.2.20Ἀλλ’ οὖτος ὁ λόγος ἀνάρμοστός ἐστι, διότι ὁ κόσμος ὁλοτελής ἐστι καὶ διηνεκής, καὶ οὐκ ἔπαυσε πώποτε γεννᾶν ζῴα καὶ φυτὰ καὶ πάντα ἀλλοῖα εἴδη.
But this argument is incongruous, because the world is complete and everlasting, and has never ceased generating animals and plants and all other forms.
Ἐν ἑκάστῳ δὲ εἴδει τῶν φυτῶν ἔστι θερμότης καὶ ὑγρότης φυσική, ἥτις ὁπόταν ἀναλωθείη, ἀσθενοῦσι τὰ φυτὰ καὶ γηράσκουσι καὶ φθίνουσι καὶ ξηραίνονται.
And in each species of plants there is a natural heat and moisture, which when it is consumed, the plants grow weak and age and decay and dry up.
Καὶ τινὲς μὲν λέγουσι τοῦτο φθοράν, ἄλλοι δ’ οὐχί.
And some call this corruption, but others do not.