§3.1284bὁ δὲ Περσῶν βασιλεὺς Μήδους καὶ Βαβυλωνίους καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τοὺς πεφρονηματισμένους διὰ τὸ γενέσθαι ποτʼ ἐπʼ ἀρχῆς ἐπέκοπτε πολλάκις.
And the king of the Persians frequently lopped off the Medes and Babylonians and others of the rest who had become high-spirited because of having once held the empire.
τὸ δὲ πρόβλημα καθόλου περὶ πάσας ἐστὶ τὰς πολιτείας, καὶ τὰς ὀρθάς· αἱ μὲν γὰρ παρεκβεβηκυῖαι πρὸς τὸ ἴδιον ἀποσκοποῦσαι τοῦτο δρῶσιν, οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ περὶ τὰς τὸ κοινὸν ἀγαθὸν ἐπισκοπούσας τὸν αὐτὸν ἔχει τρόπον.
But the problem is general concerning all constitutions, even the correct ones; for the deviate ones do this looking to their own private interest, but nevertheless it is the same way concerning those that look to the common good.
δῆλον δὲ τοῦτο καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων τεχνῶν καὶ ἐπιστημῶν· οὔτε γὰρ γραφεὺς ἐάσειεν ἂν τὸν ὑπερβάλλοντα πόδα τῆς συμμετρίας ἔχειν τὸ ζῷον, οὐδʼ εἰ διαφέροι τὸ κάλλος, οὔτε ναυπηγὸς πρύμναν ἢ τῶν ἄλλων τι μορίων τῶν τῆς νεώς, οὐδὲ δὴ χοροδιδάσκαλος τὸν μεῖζον καὶ κάλλιον τοῦ παντὸς χοροῦ φθεγγόμενον ἐάσει συγχορεύειν.
And this is clear also in the case of the other arts and sciences; for neither would a painter allow the animal to have a foot exceeding the symmetry, not even if it excelled in beauty, nor would a shipbuilder allow a stern or any of the other parts of the ship to be disproportionate, nor indeed will a chorus director allow someone who sings louder and more beautifully than the whole chorus to sing along with them.
ὥστε διὰ τοῦτο μὲν οὐδὲν κωλύει τοὺς μονάρχους συμφωνεῖν ταῖς πόλεσιν, εἰ τῆς οἰκείας ἀρχῆς ὠφελίμου ταῖς πόλεσιν οὔσης τοῦτο δρῶσιν.
So that because of this there is nothing to prevent monarchs from agreeing with the cities, if they do this when their own rule is beneficial to the cities.
διὸ κατὰ τὰς ὁμολογουμένας ὑπεροχὰς ἔχει τι δίκαιον πολιτικὸν ὁ λόγος ὁ περὶ τὸν ὀστρακισμόν.
Therefore, in accordance with agreed-upon superiorities, the argument concerning ostracism has some political justice.
βέλτιον μὲν οὖν τὸν νομοθέτην ἐξ ἀρχῆς οὕτω συστῆσαι τὴν πολιτείαν ὥστε μὴ δεῖσθαι τοιαύτης ἰατρείας· δεύτερος δὲ πλοῦς, ἂν συμβῇ, πειρᾶσθαι τοιούτῳ τινὶ διορθώματι διορθοῦν.
It is better, then, for the legislator to construct the constitution from the beginning in such a way as not to need such medicine; but the "second voyage," if it should happen, is to try to correct it with some such correction.
ὅπερ οὐκ ἐγίγνετο περὶ τὰς πόλεις· οὐ γὰρ ἔβλεπον πρὸς τὸ τῆς πολιτείας τῆς οἰκείας συμφέρον, ἀλλὰ στασιαστικῶς ἐχρῶντο τοῖς ὀστρακισμοῖς.
This, however, was not what happened concerning the cities; for they did not look to the advantage of their own constitution, but were using ostracisms factiously.
ἐν μὲν οὖν ταῖς παρεκβεβηκυίαις πολιτείαις ὅτι μὲν ἰδίᾳ συμφέρει καὶ δίκαιόν ἐστι, φανερόν, ἴσως δὲ καὶ ὅτι οὐχ ἁπλῶς δίκαιον, καὶ τοῦτο φανερόν·
In the deviate constitutions, therefore, that it is privately advantageous and just is clear, and perhaps also that it is not simply just, this too is clear.
ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀρίστης πολιτείας ἔχει πολλὴν ἀπορίαν, οὐ κατὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἀγαθῶν τὴν ὑπεροχήν, οἷον ἰσχύος καὶ πλούτου καὶ πολυφιλίας, ἀλλὰ ἄν τις γένηται διαφέρων κατʼ ἀρετήν, τί χρὴ ποιεῖν;
But in the case of the best constitution, it presents a great difficulty—not concerning the superiority of the other goods, such as strength, wealth, and abundance of friends, but if someone should turn out to be outstanding in accordance with virtue, what must be done?
οὐ γὰρ δὴ φαῖεν ἂν δεῖν ἐκβάλλειν καὶ μεθιστάναι τὸν τοιοῦτον· ἀλλὰ μὴν οὐδʼ ἄρχειν γε τοῦ τοιούτου· παραπλήσιον γὰρ κἂν εἰ τοῦ Διὸς ἄρχειν ἀξιοῖεν, μερίζοντες τὰς ἀρχάς.
For surely they would not say that one must expel and remove such a person; yet on the other hand, neither indeed should one rule over such a person; for that would be nearly as if they should claim to rule over Zeus, dividing the offices.
λείπεται τοίνυν, ὅπερ ἔοικε πεφυκέναι, πείθεσθαι τῷ τοιούτῳ πάντας ἀσμένως, ὥστε βασιλέας εἶναι τοὺς τοιούτους ἀιδίους ἐν ταῖς πόλεσιν.
It remains, therefore—as seems to be natural—that all obey such a person gladly, so that such persons are eternal kings in the cities.
ἴσως δὲ καλῶς ἔχει μετὰ τοὺς εἰρημένους λόγους μεταβῆναι καὶ σκέψασθαι περὶ βασιλείας· φαμὲν γὰρ τῶν ὀρθῶν πολιτειῶν μίαν εἶναι ταύτην.
Perhaps, then, it is well after the arguments mentioned to pass over and examine kingship; for we say that this is one of the correct constitutions.
σκεπτέον δὲ πότερον συμφέρει τῇ μελλούσῃ καλῶς οἰκήσεσθαι καὶ πόλει καὶ χώρᾳ βασιλεύεσθαι, ἢ οὔ, ἀλλʼ ἄλλη τις πολιτεία μᾶλλον, ἢ τισὶ μὲν συμφέρει τισὶ δʼ οὐ συμφέρει.
And we must examine whether it is advantageous for a city and country that is to be well-governed to be under a king, or not, but some other constitution instead, or whether it is advantageous to some but not to others.
δεῖ δὴ πρῶτον διελέσθαι πότερον ἕν τι γένος ἔστιν αὐτῆς ἢ πλείους ἔχει διαφοράς.
We must indeed first divide whether there is some one genus of it, or whether it has several differences.