§2.9Αἱ δὲ κινήσεις αἱ μὲν νωθραὶ μαλακὴν διάνοιαν, αἱ δὲ ὀξεῖαι ἔνθερμον.
And as for movements, slow ones signify a soft mind, while rapid ones a hot temperament.
Ἐπὶ δὲ τῆς φωνῆς ἡ μὲν βαρεῖα καὶ ἐπιτεινομένη ἀνδρεῖον, ἡ δὲ ὀξεῖα καὶ ἀνειμένη δειλόν.
And as for the voice, a deep and tense voice signifies a brave man, while a high and relaxed one a coward.
Τὰ δὲ σχήματα καὶ τὰ παθήματα τὰ ἐπιφαινόμενα ἐπὶ τῶν προσώπων κατὰ τὰς ὁμοιότητας λαμβάνεται τῷ πάθει.
And the configurations and affections appearing on faces are taken in accordance with their similarities to the affection.
§2.10Ὅταν γὰρ πάσχῃ τι, γίνεται οἷον εἰ τοιοῦτον ἔχει ὅταν τις ὀργίζηται, ὀργίλον τὸ σημεῖον τοῦ αὐτοῦ γένους.
For when one undergoes some affection, one's state becomes such as it is when someone is angry, and a sign of the same class signifies an angry disposition.
Τὸ δὲ ἄρρεν τοῦ θήλεος μεῖζον καὶ ἰσχυρότερον, καὶ τὰ ἀκρωτήρια τοῦ σώματος ἰσχυρότερα καὶ λιπαρώτερα καὶ εὐεκτικώτερα καὶ βελτίω κατὰ πάσας τὰς ἀρετάς.
The male is larger and stronger than the female, and the extremities of the body are stronger, sleeker, healthier, and better in respect to all the virtues.
§2.11Ἰσχυρότερα δὲ τῶν ἐπὶ τοῖς μέρεσι σημείων ἐστὶ τὰ ἐν τοῖς ἤθεσι τοῖς ἐν τοῖς ἐπιφαινομένοις λαμβανόμενα καὶ τὰ κατὰ τὰς κινήσεις καὶ τὰ σχήματα.
And stronger than the signs on the parts of the body are those taken from the characters in the facial expressions, and those from movements and configurations.
Ὅλως δὲ τὸ ἑνὶ μὲν πιστεύειν τῶν σημείων εὔηθες· ὅταν δὲ πλείω συμφωνοῦντα καθ’ ἑνὸς λάβῃ, μᾶλλον ἤδη κατὰ τὸ εἰκὸς ἄν τις ὑπολαμβάνοι ἀληθῆ εἶναι τὰ σημεῖα.
Generally, it is foolish to trust in a single one of the signs; but when one takes several that agree in respect to a single subject, one might now, in all probability, assume the signs to be true.
§2.12Ἔστι δὲ ἄλλος τρόπος καθ’ ὃν ἄν τις φυσιογνωμονοίη· οὐδεὶς μέντοι ἐπικεχείρηκεν.
There is also another method by which one might practice physiognomy; however, no one has attempted it.
Οἷον εἰ ἀνάγκη ἐστὶ τὸν ὀργίλον καὶ τὸν δυσάνιον καὶ μικρὸν τὸ ἦθος φθονερὸν εἶναι, εἰ καὶ μή ἐστι φθονεροῦσημεῖα, ἐξ ἐκείνων δὲ τῶν προτέρων ἐνδέχοιτο ἂν τῷ φυσιογνώμονι καὶ τὸν φθονερὸν εὑρίσκειν, μάλιστα μὲν ἂν ὁ τοιοῦτος ἴδιος τρόπος εἴη τοῦ πεφιλοσοφηκότος.
For example, if it is necessary for the angry, the fretful, and the small-minded in character to be envious, even if there are no signs of the envious man, yet from those former characters it would be possible for the physiognomist to find also the envious man; such a method would especially be peculiar to one who has studied philosophy.
§2.13Τὸ γὰρ δύνασθαι τινῶν ὄντων ἀναγκαῖον εἶναι, ἴδιον ὑπολαμβάνοιμεν φιλοσοφίας· ὅπερ ἐστὶν ὅτε ἐναντιοῦται τούτῳ κατὰ τὰ πάθη φυσιογνωμονεῖν καὶ τὰ κακά.
For we should assume that being able to establish that something is necessary when certain things exist is peculiar to philosophy; which is what sometimes opposes practicing physiognomy according to affections and vices.
§2.14Περὶ φωνῆς κατὰ μὲν τὸ πάθος ἐπισκοπῶν ὀξεῖαν οἰηθείη ἄν τις δυεῖν ἕνεκεν τιθέναι τοῦ θυμοειδοῦς.
As for the voice, if one examines it according to affection, one might think, for two reasons, that a high voice should be assigned to the passionate temperament.
Ὁ γὰρ ἀγανακτῶν καὶ ὀργιζόμενος ἐπιτείνειν εἴωθε τὸν φθόγγον καὶ ὀξὺ φθέγγεσθαι, ὁ δὲ ῥαθύμως διακείμενος τόν τε τόνον ἀνίησι καὶ βαρὺ φθέγγεται.
For he who is annoyed and angry is accustomed to strain his voice and speak with a high pitch, whereas he who is relaxedly disposed relaxes his tension and speaks with a deep voice.
§2.15Τῶν δ' αὖ ζῴων τὰ μὲν ἀνδρεῖα βαρύφωνά ἐστι, τὰ δὲ δειλὰ ὀξύφωνα, λέων μὲν καὶ ταῦρος, καὶ κύων ὑλακτικός, καὶ τῶν ἀλεκτρυόνων οἱ εὔψυχοι βαρύφωνοι φθέγγονται· ἔλαφος δὲ καὶ λαγὼς ὀξύφωνά ἐστιν.
And on the other hand, among animals, the brave ones are deep-voiced, while the cowardly are high-voiced: the lion, the bull, the barking dog, and those among cocks that are high-spirited utter their cry with a deep voice; but the deer and the hare are high-voiced.
§2.16Ἀλλ’ ἴσως καὶ ἐν τούτοις κρεῖσσόν ἐστι μὴ ἐν τῷ βαρεῖαν ἢ ὀξεῖαν εἶναι τὴν φωνὴν αὐτῶν ἀνδρεῖον ἢ δειλὸν τιθέναι, ἀλλ’ ἐν τῷ τὴν μὲν ἐρρωμένηνἀνδρείου τὴν δὲ ἀνειμένην καὶ ἀσθενῆ δειλοῦ ὑποληπτέον εἶναι.
But perhaps even in these cases it is better not to assume that they are brave or cowardly because their voice is deep or high, but rather that a strong voice belongs to a brave man, while a relaxed and weak voice belongs to a coward.
§2.17Ἔστι δὲ κράτιστον, ὅταν τὰ σημεῖα μὴ ὁμολογούμενα ἀλλ’ ὑπεναντιούμενα, μηδὲν τιθέναι, εἰ μή ἐστι τῶν διῃρημένων ποῖα ποίων πιστότερα, καὶ μάλιστα μὲν εἰς εἴδη ἀλλὰ μὴ εἰς ὅλα τὰ γένη ἀναφέρειν.
And it is best, when the signs do not agree but are contrary to one another, to assume nothing, unless we know which among the divided ones are more trustworthy than the others, and especially to refer them to species rather than to whole genera.
Ὁμοιότερα γάρ ἐστι τῷ ζητουμένῳ· οὐγὰρ ὅλον τὸ γένος τῶν ἀνθρώπων φυσιογνωμονοῦμεν, ἀλλά τινα τῶν ἐν τῷ γένει.
For they are more similar to what is sought; for we do not practice physiognomy on the whole genus of mankind, but on some individuals within the genus.