§4.14#2ἐπεὶ δʼ ἔστι φορὰ
καὶ ταύτης ἡ κύκλῳ, ἀριθμεῖται δʼ ἕκαστον ἑνί τινι συγγενεῖ, μονάδες μονάδι, ἵπποι δʼ ἵππῳ, οὕτω δὲ καὶ ὁ χρόνος χρόνῳ τινὶ ὡρισμένῳ, μετρεῖται δʼ, ὥσπερ εἴπομεν, ὅ τε χρόνος κινήσει καὶ ἡ κινήσις χρόνῳ (τοῦτο δʼ ἐστίν, ὅτι ὑπὸ τῆς ὡρισμένης κινήσεαως χρύνῳ μετρεῖται τῆς τε κινήσεως τὸ ποσὸν καὶ τοῦ χρόνου)--εἰ οὖν τὸ πρῶτον μέτρον πάντων τῶν συγγενῶν, ἡ κυκλοφορία ἡ ὁμαλὴς μέτρον μάλιστα, ὅτι. ὁ ἀριθμὸς ὁ ταύτης γνωριμώτατος.
Since there is locomotion, and of this the circular one, and each thing is counted by some one related thing (units by a unit, horses by a horse), and in this way also time is counted by some defined time; and since, as we said, both time is measured by motion and motion by time (this means that by the motion defined by time, both the quantity of the motion and that of the time are measured)—if, then, the first is the measure of all related things, uniform circular motion is the measure in the highest degree, because its number is the most knowable.
ἀλλοίωσις μὲν οὖν οὐδὲ αὔξησις οὐδὲ γένεσις οὐκ εἰσὶν ὁμαλεῖς, φορὰ δʼ ἔστιν.
Now, alteration, increase, and coming into being are not uniform, but locomotion can be.
διὸ καὶ δοκεῖ ὁ χρόνος εἶναι ἡ τῆς σφαίρας κίνησις, ὅτι ταύτῃ μετροῦνται αἱ ἄλλαι κινήσεις καὶ ὁ χρόνος ταύτῃ τῇ κινήσει.
For this reason, time is also thought to be the motion of the sphere, because the other motions are measured by this, and time also by this motion.
διὰ δὲ τοῦτο καὶ τὸ εἰωθὸς λέγεσθαι συμβαίνει· φασὶν γὰρ κύκλον εἶναι τὰ ἀνθρώπινα πράγματα, καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν κί· νησιν ἐχόντων φυσικὴν καὶ γένεσιν καὶ φθοράν.
And because of this, what is usually said also comes about; for they say that human affairs are a circle, and so also of the other things that have natural motion, coming into being, and passing away.
τοῦτο δέ, ὅτι ταῦτα πάντα τῷ χρόνῳ κρίνεται, καὶ λαμβάνει τελευτὴν καὶ ἀρχὴν ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ κατά τινα περίοδον.
And this is because all these are judged by time, and receive an end and a beginning as if according to some period.
καὶ γὰρ ὁ χρόνος αὐτὸς εἶναι δοκεῖ κύκλος τις· τοῦτο δὲ πάλιν δοκεῖ, διότι τοιαύτης ἐστὶ φορᾶς μέτρον καὶ μετρεῖται αὐτὸς ὑπὸ τοιαύτης.
For indeed, time itself seems to be a certain circle; and this in turn is thought to be so because it is the measure of such locomotion and is itself measured by such.
ὥστε τὸ λέγειν εἶναι τὰ γιγνόμενα τῶν πραγμάτων κύκλον τὸ λέγειν ἐστὶν τοῦ χρόνου εἶναί τινα κύκλον· τοῦτο δέ, ὅτι μετρεῖται τῇ κυκλοφορίᾳ·
So that to say that the things that come to be among affairs are a circle is to say that there is a certain circle of time; and this is because it is measured by circular motion.
παρὰ γὰρ τὸ μέτρον οὐδὲν ἄλλο παρεμφαίνεται τῷ μετρουμένῳ, ἀλλʼ ἢ πλείω μέτρα τὸ ὅλον.
For besides the measure, nothing else is shown in addition in that which is measured, except the whole as a plurality of measures.
λέγεται δὲ ὀρθῶς καὶ ὅτι ἀριθμὸς μὲν ὁ αὐτὸς ὁ
τῶν προβάτων καὶ τῶν κυνῶν, εἰ ἴσος ἑκάτερος, δεκὰς δὲ οὐχ ἡ αὐτὴ οὐδὲ δέκα τὰ αὐτά, ὥσπερ οὐδὲ τρίγωνα τὰ αὐτὰ τὸ ἰσόπλευρον καὶ τὸ σκαληνές, καίτοι σχῆμά γε ταὐτό, ὅτι τρίγωνα ἄμφω·
And it is also said correctly that the number of sheep and of dogs is the same, if each is equal, but the ten (decade) is not the same, nor are the ten things the same, just as the equilateral and the scalene are not the same triangles, although they are the same figure, because both are triangles.
ταὐτὸ γὰρ λέγεται οἧ μὴ διαφέρει διαφορᾷ, ἀλλʼ οὐχὶ οὗ διαφέρει, οἷον τρίγωνον τριγώνου τριγώνου διαφορᾷ διμαφέρει· τοιγαροῦν ἕτερα τρίγωνα·
For that is said to be the same which does not differ by a difference, but not that which does, for instance, a triangle differs from a triangle by the difference of a triangle; therefore, they are different triangles, but of figure they are not, but they are in the same and single division.
σχήματος δέ οὔ, ἀλλʼ ἐν τῇ αὐτῇ διαιρέσει καὶ μιᾷ. σχῆμα γὰρ τὸ μὲν τοιόνδε κύκλος, τὸ δὲ τοιόνδε τρίγωνον, τούτου δέ τὸ μὲν τοι. όνδε ἰσόπλευρον, τὸ δὲ τοιόνδε σκαληνές.
For of figure, one kind is a circle, and another is a triangle, and of this, one kind is equilateral, and another is scalene.
σχῆμα μὲν οὖν τὸ αὐτό, καὶ τοῦτο τρίγωνον, τρίγωνον δʼ οὐ τὸ αὐτό.
Thus, the figure is the same, and this is a triangle, but it is not the same triangle.
καὶ ἀριθμὸς δὴ ὁ αὐτός (οὐ γὰρ διμαφέρει ἀριθμοῦ διαφορᾷ ὁ ἀριθμὸς αὐτῶν), δεκὰς δʼ οὐχ ἡ αὐτή· ἐφʼ ὧν γὰρ λέγεται, διαφέρει· τὰ μὲν γὰρ κύνες, τὰ δʼ ἵπποι.
And indeed the number is the same (for their number does not differ by a difference of number), but the ten (decade) is not the same; for that of which it is said differs, since some are dogs and others are horses.
καὶ περὶ μὲν χρόνου καὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ τῶν περὶ αὐτὸν οἰκείων τῇ σκέψει εἴρηται.
And concerning time, both itself and its properties appropriate to the inquiry, it has been discussed.