§3.4.77 ἐκ τῶν ἀνατομῶν δὲ κατάδηλα μᾶλλον ταὺτα, καὶ ἐκ τῶν γενέσεων· εὐθέως γάρ ἐστιν ἔναιμος πρωίη γινομένη τῶν μορίων ἀπάντων.
7 These matters are clearer from dissections and also from the processes of generation; for it is the first of all the parts to be formed and to contain blood immediately.
ἔτι δʼ αἱ κινήσεις τῶν ἡδέων καὶ τῶν λυπηράν καὶ ὅλως πάσης αἰσθήσεως ἐντεῦθεν ἀρχόμεναι φαίνονται καὶ πρὸς ταύτην περαίνουσαι.
Furthermore, the movements of pleasant and painful things, and in general of all sensation, clearly begin from here and terminate here.
οὕτω δʼ ἔχει καὶ κατὰ τὸν λὸγον· ἀρχὴν γὰρ εἶναι δεῖ μίαν, ὅπου ἐνδέχεται.
And this is also in accordance with reason; for there must be one principle where it is possible.
εὺφυέστατος δὲ τῶν τόπων ὁ μέσος· ἕν γὰρ τὸ μέσον καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶν ἐφικτὸν ὁμιοίως ἢ παραπλησίωσς.
And the most suitable of places is the middle; for the middle is one, and is accessible equally or similarly to all parts.
§3.4.88 ἔτι δʼ ἐπεὶ οὔτε τῶν ἀναίμων οὐθὲν αἰσθητικὸν οὕτε τὸ αἷμα, δῆλον ὡς τὸ πρῶτον ἔχον ὡς ἐν ἀγγείῳ δʼ ἔχον ἀναγκαῖον εἶναι τὴν ἀρχὴν.
8 Furthermore, since none of the bloodless animals has sensation, nor does blood itself, it is clear that the first part containing blood, and containing it as in a vessel, must necessarily be the principle.
οὐ μόνον δὲ κατὰ τὸν λόγον οὕτως ἔχειν φαίνεται, ἀλλὰ καὶ κατὰ τὴν αὖσθησιν.
And this seems to be so not only according to reason, but also according to sensation.
ἐν γὰρ τοῖς ἐμβρύοις εὐθέως ἡ καρδία φοαίνεται κινουμένη τῶν μορίων καθαπερεὶ ζῷον, ὡς ἀρχὴ τῆς φύσεως τοῖς ἐναίμοις οὖσα.
For in the embryos, the heart is clearly seen to move first of the parts, just like a living thing, as being the principle of nature for red-blooded animals.
μαρτύριον δὲ τῶν εἰρημένων καὶ τὸ πἀσι τοῖς ἐναίμοις ὑπάρχειν αύύτήν· ἀναγκαῖον γὰρ αὐτοῖς ἔχειν τὴν ἀρχὴν τού αἵματος.
And a testimony to what has been said is also that it is present in all red-blooded animals; for it is necessary for them to have the principle of blood.
§3.4.99 ὑπάέρχει δὲ καὶ τὸ ἧπαρ πᾶσι τοῖς ἐναίμοις· ἀλλʼ οὐθεὶς ἄν ἀξιωόσειεν αὐτὸ ἀρχὴν εἶναι οὔτε τοῦ ὅλου σύὸματος οὕτε τοῦ αἵματος·
9 And the liver is also present in all red-blooded animals; but no one would claim that it is the principle of either the whole body or the blood.
κεῖται γὰρ οὐδαμῶς πρὸς ἀρχοειδῆ θέσιν, ἔχει δʼ ὧσπερ ἀντίζυγον ἐν τοῖς μάλιστʼ ἀπηκριβωμένοις τὸν σπλὴνα.
For it does not lie in a position appropriate to a principle, and in those animals that are most highly developed, it has the spleen as a counterbalance.
ἔτι δʼ ὑποδοχὴν αἵματος οὐκ ἔχει ἐν ἑαυτῷ καθάπερ ἡ καρδία, ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ τὰ λοιπά, ἐν φλεβί.
Furthermore, it does not contain a receptacle of blood within itself as the heart does, but, like the rest, has it in a vessel.
ἔτι δὲ τείνει διʼ αὐτού φλέψ, ἐξ ἐκείνης δʼ οὐδεμία· πασῶν γὰρ τῶν φλεβῶν ἐκ τῆς καρδίας αἱ ἀρχαί.
Moreover, a vessel extends through it, but no vessel arises from it; for the principles of all the vessels are from the heart.
§3.4.10ἐπεὶ σὖν ἀνάγκη μὲν θάτερον 10 τούτων ἀρχὴν εἶναι, μὴ ἐστι δὲ τὸ ἧπαρ, ἀνάγκη τὴν καρδίαν εἶναι καὶ τοῦ αἵματος ἀρχὴν.
10 Since, therefore, one of these two must necessarily be the principle, and the liver is not, the heart must necessarily be the principle of the blood as well.
τὸ μὲν γὰρ ζῷον αἰσθήσει ὥρισται, αἰσθητικὸν δὲ πρὧτον τὸ πρῶτον ἔναιμον, τοιούτον δʼ ἡ καρδία· καὶ γὰρ ἀρχὴ τοῦ αἵματος καὶ ἔναιμον πρῶὸτον.
For the animal is defined by sensation, and the first sensory organ is the first red-blooded part, and the heart is of this kind; for it is both the principle of the blood and the first red-blooded part.
§3.4.1111 ἕστι δʼ αὐτῆς 11 τὸ ἄκρον ὀξὺ καὶ στερετερον, κεῖται δὲ πρὸς τῷ στήθει καὶ λωσς ἐν τοῖς πρόσθεν τοῦ σύματος πρὸς τὸ μὴ καταψύχσσθαι αὐτό· πᾶσι γὰρ ἀσαρκὸτερον τὸ στῆθος, τὰ δὲ πρανῆ σαρκωδέστερα, διὸ πολλὴν ἔχει σκέπην τὸ θερμὸν κατὰ τὸν νῶτον.
11 Its extremity is pointed and firmer, and it lies toward the chest and generally in the front of the body to prevent itself from being chilled; for in all, the chest is less fleshy, while the back parts are fleshier, which is why the heat has a great shelter along the back.
ἔστι δʼ ἡ καρδία τοῖς μεὲν ἄλλοις ζῴοις κατὰ μέσον τοῦ στηθικοῦ τόπου, τοῖς δʼ ἀνθρήὸποις μικρὸν εἰς τὰ εύνυμα παρεκκλίνουσα πρὸς τὸ ἀνισοῦν τὴν κατάφυξιν τῶν ἀριστερώνʼ μάλιστα γὰρ τῶν ἄλλων ζῴωυ ἄνθρωπος ἔχει κατεψυγμένα τὰ ἀριστερά.
And the heart is in the middle of the chest region in other animals, but in humans, it inclines slightly to the left to counteract the chilling of the left side; for of all animals, human has the coldest left side.
§3.4.12ὅτι δὲ καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἐχθύσιν ὁμοίως 12 ἡ καρδία κεῖται, πρὸτερον εἴρηται, καὶ διότι φαίνεται ἀνομοίως.
12 And that the heart lies in a similar way in fishes as well has been said before, and also why it appears otherwise.
ἔχει δὲ πρὸς τὴν κεφαλὴν τὸ ὄξύ, ἕστι δʼ αὕτη τὸ πρόσθεν· ἐπὶ ταύτην γὰρ ἡ κίνησις.
It has its pointed end toward the head, and the head is the front; for movement is toward this.
ἔχει δὲ καὶ νεύρων πλὴθος ἡ καρδία, καὶ τοῦτʼ εὐλόγως· ἀπὸ ταύτης γὰρ αἱ κινήσεις, περαίνονται δὲ διὰ τού ἕλκειν καὶ ἀνιέναι· δεῖ οὑν τοιαύτης ὑπηρεσίας καὶ ἰσχύος.
And the heart also has a multitude of fibers, and this is reasonable; for movements are from it, and they are accomplished by pulling and relaxing; therefore, it needs such assistance and strength.
§3.4.13ἡ δὲ καρδία, καθάπερ εἴπομεν καὶ πρὸτερον, 13 οἷον ζῷόν τι πέφυκεν ἐν τοῖς ἔχουσιν.
13 And the heart, as we said before, naturally exists as a kind of living thing within those that have it.
ἕστι δʼ ἀνόστεος πάντων ὅσα καὶ ἡμεῖς τεθεάμεθα, πλὴν τῶν ἵππων καὶ γένους τινὸς βοῶν· τούτοις δὲ διἀ τὸ μέγεθος οἷον ἐρείσματος χάριν ὀστοῦν ὕπεστι, καθάπερ καὶ τοῖς ὅλοις σήμασιν.
It is bone-free in all those that we have observed, except for horses and a certain breed of oxen; in these, because of their size, a bone underlies it for the sake of a support, just as in the whole bodies.