§4.1111 ποῖα δὲ θερμὰ ἢ ψυχρὰ τῶν πεπηγότων ἢ τῶν ὑγρῶν, ἐκ τῶν εἰρημένων δεῖ μεταδιώκειν.
11 Which of the congealed or liquid substances are hot or cold must be investigated from what has been said.
ὅσα μὲν οὖν ὕδατος, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ ψυχρά, ἐὰν μὴ ἀλλοτρίαν ἔχῃ θερμότητα, οἷον κονία, οὖρον, οἶνος· ὅσα δὲ γῆς, ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ θερμὰ διὰ τὴν τοῦ θερμοῦ δημιουργίαν, οἷον τίτανος καὶ τέφρα.
Therefore, those that consist of water are, for the most part, cold, unless they have foreign heat, such as lye, urine, and wine; while those that consist of earth are, for the most part, hot because of the active agency of heat, such as lime and ash.
δεῖ δὲ λαβεῖν τὴν ὕλην ψυχρότητά τινα εἶναι· ἐπεὶ γὰρ τὸ ξηρὸν καὶ τὸ ὑγρὸν ὕλη (ταῦτα γὰρ παθητικά), τούτων δὲ σώματα μάλιστα γῆ καὶ ὕδωρ ἐστίν (ταῦτα γὰρ ψυχρότητι ὥρισται), δῆλον ὅτι πάντα τὰ σώματα ὅσα ἑκατέρου ἁπλῶς τοῦ στοιχείου, ψυχρὰ μᾶλλόν ἐστιν, ἐὰν μὴ ἔχῃ ἀλλοτρίαν θερμότητα, οἷον τὸ ζέον ὕδωρ ἢ τὸ διὰ τέφρας ἠθημένον· καὶ γὰρ τοῦτο ἔχει τὴν ἐκ τῆς τέφρας θερμότητα·
We must grasp that matter is a kind of cold; for since the dry and the wet are matter (for these are passive), and the bodies that chiefly exhibit these are earth and water (for these are defined by cold), it is clear that all bodies that consist simply of either of these elements are rather cold, unless they have foreign heat, like boiling water or water filtered through ash; for this latter also has the heat from the ash.
ἐν ἅπασι γάρ ἐστι θερμότης, ἢ πλείων ἢ ἐλάττων, τοῖς πεπυρωμένοις· διὸ καὶ ἐν τοῖς σαπροῖς ζῷα ἐγγίγνεται· ἔνεστι γὰρ θερμότης ἡ φθείρασα τὴν ἑκάστου οἰκείαν θερμότητα.
For there is heat, either more or less, in all things that have been burnt; hence even in decaying things living creatures are generated; for there is present in them a heat which has destroyed the proper heat of each.
ὅσα δὲ κοινά, ἔχει θερμότητα· συνέστηκε γὰρ τὰ πλεῖστα ὑπὸ θερμότητος πεψάσης.
And those things that are common have heat; for most of them have been composed by a heat that has concocted them.
ἔνια δὲ σήψεις εἰσίν, οἷον τὰ συντηκτά· ὥστε ἔχοντα μὲν τὴν φύσιν θερμὰ καὶ οἷμα καὶ γονὴ καὶ μυελὸς καὶ ὀπὸς καὶ πάντα τὰ τοιαῦτα, φθειρόμενα δὲ καὶ ἐξιστάμενα τῆς φύσεως οὐκέτι· λείπεται γὰρ ἡ ὕλη, γῆ οὖσα ἢ ὕδωρ·
But some are products of decay, such as waste-products; so that while blood, semen, marrow, fig-juice, and all such things are hot as long as they retain their nature, they are no longer so when they decay and depart from their nature; for only the matter, being earth or water, is left.
διὸ ἀμφότερα δοκεῖ τισιν, καὶ οἱ μὲν φυχρὰ οἱ δὲ θερμὰ ταῦτά φασιν εἶναι, ὁρῶντες, ὅταν μὲν ἐν τῇ φύσει ὦσιν, θερμά, ὅταν δὲ χωρισθῶσιν, πηγνὺμενα.
Hence they seem both to some people, and some say they are cold and others hot, seeing that they are hot when in their natural state, but congeal when they are separated.
ἔχει μὲν οὖν οὕτως, ὅμως δέ, ὥσπερ διώρισται, ἐν οἷς μὲν ἡ ὕλη ὕδατος τὸ πλεῖστον, ψυχρά (ἀντίκειται γὰρ μάλιστα τοῦτο τῷ πυρί), ἐν οἷς δὲ γῆς ἢ ἀέρος, θερμότερα.
Thus is the case; but nevertheless, as has been defined, those in which the matter is mostly water are cold (for this is most opposed to fire), while those in which it is mostly earth or air are hotter.
συμβαίνει δέ ποτε ταὐτὰ γίγνεσθαι θυχρδτατα καὶ θερμότατα ἀλλοτρίᾳ θερμότητι· ὅσα γὰρ μάλιστα πέπηγε καὶ στερεώτερά ἐστιν, ταῦτα ψυχρά τε μάλιστα, ἐὰν στερηθῇ θερμότητος, καὶ κάει μάλιστα, ἐὰν πυρωθῇ, οἷον ὕδωρ καπνοῦ καὶ ὁ λίθος ὕδατος καίει μᾶλλον.
But it sometimes happens that the same things become both coldest and hottest through foreign heat; for those which are most congealed and more solid, these are both coldest if they are deprived of heat, and burn most if they are heated by fire, just as water burns more than smoke, and stone more than water.