§4.10#110 τούτοις δὲ τοῖς παθήμασιν καὶ ταύταις ταῖς διαφορὸν τὰ ὁμοιομερῆ τῶν σωμάτων, ὥσπερ εἴρηται, διαφέρει ἀλλήλων κατὰ τὴν ἁφήν, καὶ ἔτι χυμοῖς καὶ ὀσμαῖς καὶ χρώμασιν·
10 By these properties and these differences, the homoeomerous parts of bodies, as has been said, differ from one another in respect of touch, and furthermore in tastes, smells, and colors.
λέγω δʼ ὁμοιομερῆ οἷον τά τε μεταλλευόμενα—χαλκόν, ἄργυρον, καττίτερον, σίδηρον, λίθον, καὶ τἆλλα τὰ τοιαῦτα, καὶ ὅσα ἐκ τούτων γίγνεται ἐκκρινόμενα — καὶ τὰ ἐν τοῖς ζῴοις καὶ φυτοῖς, οἷον σάρκες, ὀστᾶ, νεῦρον, δέρμα, σπλάγχνον, τρίχες, ἶνες, φλέβες, ἐξ ὧν ἤδη συνέστηκε τὰ ἀνομοιομερῆ, οἷον πρόσωπον, χείρ, πούς, καὶ τἆλλα τὰ τοιαῦτα, καὶ ἐν φυτοῖς ξύλον, φλοιός, φύλλον, ῥίζα, καὶ ὅσα τοιαῦτα.
And I mean by "homoeomerous" such as both mined things—bronze, silver, tin, iron, stone, and other such things, and whatever are produced from these by separation—and those in animals and plants, such as flesh, bones, sinew, skin, viscera, hair, fibers, veins, from which indeed the non-homoeomerous parts are already composed, such as face, hand, foot, and other such things, and in plants, wood, bark, leaf, root, and all such things.
ἐπεὶ δὲ ταῦτα μὲν ὑπ᾿ ἄλλης αἰτίας συνέστηκεν, ἐξ ὧν δὲ ταῦτα ὕλη μὲν τὸ ξηρὸν καὶ ὑγρόν, ὥστε ὕδωρ καὶ γῇ (ταῦτα γὰρ προφανεστάτην ἔχει τὴν δύναμιν ἑκάτερον ἑκατέρου), τὰ δὲ ποιοῦντα τὸ θερμὸν καὶ ψυχρόν (ταῦτα γὰρ συνίστησιν καὶ πήγνυσιν ἐξ ἐκείνων), λάβωμεν τῶν ὁμοιομερῶν ποῖα γῆς εἴδη καὶ ποῖα ὕδατος καὶ ποῖα κοινά.
Since, on the one hand, these have been composed by another cause, but on the other hand, the things from which these are composed are as matter the dry and the moist, and thus water and earth (for these have, each of them, the most manifest power of the other), and as active causes the hot and the cold (for these compose and congeal them out of those), let us determine, of the homoeomerous bodies, which kinds are of earth, which of water, and which are common to both.
ἔστι δὴ τῶν σωμάτων τῶν δεδημιουργημένων τὰ μὲν ὑγρά, τὰ δὲ μαλακά, τὰ δὲ σκληρά· τούτων δὲ ὁπόσα σκληρὰ ἢ μαλακὰ πήξει ἐστίν, εἴρηται πρότερον.
Now, of the bodies that have been formed, some are liquid, some soft, and some hard; and of these, which of the hard or soft are so by congelation has been said before.
τῶν μὲν οὖν ὑγρῶν ὅσα μὲν ἐξατμίζεται, ὕδατος, ὅσα δὲ μή, ἢ γῆς ἢ κοινὰ γῆς καὶ ὕδατος, οἷον γάλα, ἢ γῆς καὶ ἀέρος, οἷον ξύλον, ἢ ὕδατος καὶ ἀέρος, οἷον ἔλαιον.
Therefore, of the liquids, those which evaporate are of water, and those which do not are either of earth, or common to earth and water (such as milk), or to earth and air (such as wood), or to water and air (such as oil).
καὶ ὅσα μὲν ὑπὸ θερμοῦ παχύνεται, κοινά (ἀπορήσειε δ᾿ ἄν τις περὶ οἴνου τῶν ὑγρῶν· τοῦτο γὰρ καὶ ἐξατμισθείη ἄν, καὶ παχύνεται ὥσπερ ὁ νέος·
And those which are thickened by heat are common. (But one might raise a difficulty about wine among liquids; for this can both be evaporated, and it is thickened, as new wine is.
αἴτιον δ᾿ ὅτι οὔτε ἐν ἑνὶ εἴδει λέγεται ὁ οἶνος, καὶ ὅτι ἄλλος ἄλλως·
And the cause is that wine is not spoken of as a single kind, and that one wine is of one kind and another of another.
ὁ γὰρ νέος μᾶλλον γῆς ἢ ὁ παλαιός· διὸ καὶ παχύνεται τῷ θερμῷ μάλιστα καὶ πήγνυται ἧττον ὑπὸ τοῦ ψυχροῦ· ἔχει γὰρ καὶ θερμὸν πολὺ καὶ γῆς, ὥσπερ ὁ ἐν Ἀρκάδίᾳ οὕτως ἀποξηραίνεται ὑπὲρ τοῦ καπνοῦ ἐν τοῖς ἀσκοῖς ὥστε ξυόμενος πίνεσθαι·
For new wine is more of earth than old wine; therefore it is also thickened most by heat and less congealed by cold; for it contains both much heat and much earth, just as the wine in Arcadia is so dried up in skins over the smoke that it is scraped off to be drunk.
εἰ δὴ ἅπας ἰλὺν ἔχει, οὕτως ἑκατέρου ἐστίν, ἢ γῆς ἢ ὕδατος, ὡς ταύτης ἔχει πλῆθος)· ὅσα δὲ ὑπὸ ψυχροῦ παχύνεται, γῆς· ὅσα δ᾿ ὑπ᾿ ἀμφοῖν, κοινὰ πλειόνων, οἷον ἔλαιον καὶ μέλι καὶ ὁ γλυκὺς οἶνος.
If indeed all wine has dregs, it belongs to each of them, either earth or water, according as it has a quantity of this dregs.) and those which are thickened by cold are of earth; and those by both are common to more elements, as oil and honey and sweet wine.
τῶν δὲ συνεστῶτων ὅσα μὲν πέπηγεν ὑπὸ ψυχροῦ, ὕδατος, οἷον κρύσταλλος, χιών, χάλαζα, πάχρνη· ὅσα δ᾿ ὑπὸ θερμοῦ, γῆς, οἷον κέραμος, τυρός, νίτρον, ἅλες· ὅσα δ᾿ ὑπ᾿ ἀμφοῖν (τοιαῦτα δ᾿ ἐστὶν ὅσα ψύξει· ταῦτα δ᾿ ἐστὶν ὅσα ἀμφοῖν στερήσει, καὶ θερμοῦ καὶ ὑγροῦ συνεξιόντος τῷ θερμῷ· οἱ μὲν γὰρ ἅλες ὑγροῦ μόνου στερήσει πήγνυνται, καὶ ὅσα εἰλικρινῇ γῆς, ὁ δὲ κρύσταλλος θερμοῦ μόνου), ταῦτα δ᾿ ἀμφοῖν.
On the other hand, of solid bodies, those which are congealed by cold are of water, as ice, snow, hail, hoar-frost; and those by heat are of earth, as pottery, cheese, natron, salts; and those by both (and such are those congealed by cooling; and these are congealed by the deprivation of both, of heat and of moisture which goes out together with the heat; for salts, on the one hand, and whatever are purely of earth, are congealed by the deprivation of moisture alone, while ice is by that of heat alone), these are of both.