Humanitext Reader

Aristotle · Great Ethics §2.13.1-2.13.4

Self-Love in Good and Bad Men and the Noble

Passage 67 of 71 · Greek

Summary

Building on the idea of self-friendship, the passage examines whether the excellent or the base person is truly a lover of self. While the excellent person acts for others and yields external goods, they do not yield the noble, making them a lover of self only in respect of the noble.

§2.13.1ἐπεὶ δʼ ἐστίν, ὡς φαμέν, αὐτῷ πρὸς αὑτὸν φιλία, πότερον ὁ σπουδαῖος ἔσται φίλαυτος ἢ οὔ;
Since there is, as we say, friendship of a person toward himself, will the excellent person be a lover of self, or not?
ἔστιν δὲ φίλαυτος ὁ αὑτοῦ ἕνεκεν πάντα πράττων ἐν τοῖς κατὰ τὸ λυσιτελές.
And a lover of self is one who does everything for his own sake in matters concerning utility.
ὁ μὲν οὖν φαῦλος φίλαντος ἐστίν (αὐτὸς αὑτοῦ γὰρ ἕνεκεν πάντα πράττει)· ἀλλʼ οὐχ ὁ σπουδαῖος.
Now, the base person is a lover of self (for he does everything for his own sake); but the excellent person is not.
διὰ τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι σπουδαῖος, ὅτι ἄλλου ἕνεκεν τοῦτο πράττει· διὸ οὐκ ἔστιν φίλαυτος.
For he is excellent for this reason, that he does this for the sake of another; therefore he is not a lover of self.
§2.13.2ἀλλʼ ὁρμῶσι μὲν ἅπαντες ἐπὶ τἀγαθά, καὶ οἴονται αὑτοῖς δεῖν μάλιστα ὑπάρχειν.
But all people strive after good things, and think they ought to belong to themselves most of all.
τοῦτο δέ ἐστι μάλιστα φανερὸν ἐπὶ πλούτου καὶ ἀρχῆς.
And this is most manifest in the case of wealth and office.
ὁ μὲν οὖν σπουδαῖος ἐκστήσεται τούτων ἄλλῳ, οὐχ ὡς οὐ προσῇκον αὑτῷ μάλιστα, ἀλλʼ ἂν ὁρᾷ ἄλλον δυνησόμενον μᾶλλον τούτοις αὑτοῦ χρῆσθαι·
The excellent person, then, will yield these to another, not as though they do not belong to himself most of all, but if he sees that another will be able to use them more than himself.
οἱ δʼ ἄλλοι τοῦτο οὐ ποιήσουσι διʼ ἄγνοιαν (οὐ γὰρ οἴονται κακῶς ἂν χρήσασθαι τοῖς τοιούτοις ἀγαθοῖς) ἢ διὰ φιλοτιμίαν τοῦ ἄρχειν.
But the others will not do this, through ignorance (for they do not think they would use such goods badly) or through love of honor in ruling.
§2.13.3ὁ δὲ σπουδαῖος οὐδέτερον τούτων πείσεται· διὸ οὐδὲ φίλαυτος κατά γε τὰ τοιαῦτα ἀγαθά.
But the excellent person will experience neither of these; therefore he is not a lover of self, at least as regards such goods.
ἀλλʼ εἰ ἄρα, κατὰ τὸ καλόν.
But if indeed he is, it is as regards the noble.
τούτου γὰρ μόνον ἄλλῳ οὐκ ἂν ἐκσταίη, τὰ δὲ συμφέροντα καὶ ἡδέα ἐκστήσεται.
For of this alone he would not yield to another, but he will yield what is useful and pleasant.
§2.13.4τὴν μὲν οὖν κατὰ τὸ καλὸν αἵρεσιν φίλαντος ἔσται· τὴν δὲ κατὰ τὸ συμφέρον καὶ καθʼ ἡδονὴν λεγομένην οὐκ ἔσται ὁ σπουδαῖος, ἀλλὰ ὁ φαῦλος.
Therefore, in respect of the choice according to the noble, he will be a lover of self; but in respect of the so-called self-love according to utility and pleasure, the excellent person will not be so, but the base person will.

Notes

  1. 2.13.1φίλαντος — The form φίλαντος in the text is a scribal error or variant for φίλαυτος (lover of self, selfish) and must be understood as synonymous with it in this context.
  2. 2.13.2ὡς οὐ προσῇκον — An accusative absolute construction using the neuter singular participle of the impersonal verb προσήκει (it is fitting). Accompanied by ὡς, it expresses a subjective or hypothetical reason: "as though it were not fitting for himself most of all."
  3. 2.13.3πείσεται — The future indicative middle third-person singular of the verb πάσχω (to suffer, experience). It is not the future middle/passive of πείθω (to persuade, i.e., "will obey"), but means that the excellent person will not experience or fall into either of the two previously mentioned defects (ignorance or love of honor).

Cite this passage

Aristotle, Great Ethics §2.13.1-2.13.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg022.humanitext-grc1:2.13.1-2.13.4

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.