§3#2Τούτων δὲ ἕκαστόν ἐστιν, ὥσπερ εἴρηται, ὑπόλειμμα τοῦ ἐν τῇ ἐνεργείᾳ αἰσθήματος·
And each of these is, as has been said, a remaining trace of the sensation in actual activity.
καὶ ἀπελθόντος τοῦ αἰσθήματος τοῦ ἀληθοῦς ἔνεστι, καὶ ἀληθὲς εἰπεῖν ὅτι τοιοῦτον οἷον Κορίσκος, ἀλλ’ οὐ Κορίσκος.
And even when the true sensation has gone, it remains, and it is true to say that it is of such a kind as Coriscus, but not Coriscus.
Ὅτε δ’ ᾐσθάνετο, οὐκ ἔλεγε Κορίσκον τὸ κύριον καὶ τὸ ἐπικρῖνον, ἀλλὰ διὰ τοῦτο ἐκεῖνον Κορίσκον τὸν ἀληθινόν.
And when he was perceiving, the dominant and judging part did not call it Coriscus, but through this, it called that person the true Coriscus.
Οὗ δὴ καὶ αἰσθανόμενον λέγει τοῦτο, ἐὰν μὴ παντελῶς κατέχηται ὑπὸ τοῦ αἵματος, ὥσπερ μὴ αἰσθανόμενον τοῦτο, κινεῖται ὑπὸ τῶν κινήσεων τῶν ἐν τοῖς αἰσθητηρίοις.
And indeed, what it says when perceiving this, if it is not completely constrained by the blood, it is moved by the movements in the sense organs, just as if it were not perceiving this.
Καὶ δοκεῖ τὸ ὅμοιον αὐτὸ εἶναι ἀληθές.
And the resemblance seems to be the truth itself.
Καὶ τοσαύτη τοῦ ὕπνου ἡ δύναμις ὥστε ποιεῖν τοῦτο λανθάνειν.
And so great is the power of sleep that it makes this go unnoticed.
Ὥσπερ οὖν εἴ τινα λανθάνοι ὑποβαλλόμενος ὁ δάκτυλος τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ, οὐ μόνον φανεῖται ἀλλὰ καὶ δόξει εἶναι δύο τὸ ἕν, ἂν δὲ μὴ λανθάνῃ, φανεῖται μὲν οὐ δόξει δέ, οὕτω καὶ ἐν τοῖς ὕπνοις, ἐὰν μὲν αἰσθάνηται ὅτι καθεύδει, καὶ τοῦ πάθους ἐν ᾧ ἡ αἴσθησις τοῦ ὑπνωτικοῦ, φαίνεται μέν, λέγει δέ τι ἐν αὐτῷ ὅτι φαίνεται μὲν Κορίσκος, οὐκ ἔστι δὲ Κορίσκος (πολλάκις γὰρ καθεύδοντος λέγει τι ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ ὅτι ἐνύπνιον τὸ φαινόμενον)· ἐὰν δὲ λανθάνῃ ὅτι καθεύδει, οὐδὲν ἀντίφησι τῇ φαντασίᾳ.
Just as, then, if someone were not to notice a finger being pressed under the eye, the single object will not only appear to be but will also seem to be two, but if he does notice it, it will appear but will not seem to be, so also in sleep, if one perceives that one is asleep, and perceives the affection in which the sleeping state of sensation consists, it appears indeed, but something within him says that although Coriscus appears, it is not Coriscus (for often when one is asleep, something in the soul says that what appears is a dream); but if it goes unnoticed that one is asleep, nothing contradicts the phantasm.
Ὅτι δ’ ἀληθῆ λέγομεν καὶ εἰσὶ κινήσεις φανταστικαὶ ἐν τοῖς αἰσθητηρίοις, δῆλον, ἐάν τις προσέχων πειρᾶται μνημονεύειν ἃ πάσχομεν καταφερόμενοί τε καὶ ἐγειρόμενοι·
And that we speak the truth, and that there are phantastic movements in the sense organs, is clear, if anyone pays attention and tries to remember what we experience both when falling asleep and when waking up.
ἐνίοτε γὰρ τὰ φαινόμενα εἴδωλα καθεύδοντι φωράσει ἐγειρόμενος κινήσεις οὔσας ἐν τοῖς αἰσθητηρίοις· ἐνίοις γὰρ τῶν νεωτέρων καὶ πάμπαν διαβλέπουσιν, ἐὰν ᾖ σκότος, φαίνεται εἴδωλα πολλὰ κινούμενα, ὥστ’ ἐγκαλύπτεσθαι πολλάκις φοβουμένους.
For sometimes, on waking up, one will detect that the images appearing to him when asleep were movements in the sense organs; for some of the younger people, even when wide awake, if it is dark, see many moving images, so that they often cover themselves up out of fear.
Ἐκ δὴ τούτων ἁπάντων δεῖ συλλογίσασθαι ὅτι ἐστὶ τὸ ἐνύπνιον φάντασμα μέν τι καὶ ἐν ὕπνῳ· τὰ γὰρ ἄρτι λεχθέντα εἴδωλα οὐκ ἔστιν ἐνύπνια, οὐδ’ εἴ τι ἄλλο λελυμένων τῶν αἰσθήσεων φαίνεται· οὐδὲ τὸ ἐν ὕπνω φάντασμα πᾶν.
From all these things indeed, one must conclude that a dream is a kind of phantasm and in sleep; for the images just mentioned are not dreams, nor is it a dream if something else appears when the senses are released; nor is every phantasm in sleep a dream.
Πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ ἐνίοις συμβαίνει καὶ αἰσθάνεσθαί πῃ καὶ ψόφων καὶ φωτὸς καὶ χυμοῦ καὶ ἁφῆς, ἀσθενικῶς μέντοι καὶ οἷον πόρρωθεν· ἤδη γὰρ ἐν τῶ καθεύδειν ὑποβλέποντες, ὃ ἠρέμα ἑώρων φῶς τοῦ λύχνου καθεύδοντες, ὡς ᾤοντο, ἐπεγερθέντες εὐθὺς ἐγνώρισαν τὸ τοῦ λύχνου ὄν, καὶ ἀλεκτρυόνων καὶ κυνῶν φωνὴν ἠρέμα ἀκούοντες ἐγερθέντες σαφῶς ἐγνώρισαν.
For in the first place, it happens to some that they perceive in a way both sounds, light, taste, and touch, though weakly and as if from afar; for already when sleeping and looking slightly, the light of the lamp which they saw faintly while asleep, as they thought, they recognized immediately upon waking to be that of the lamp, and hearing faintly the voices of cocks and dogs, they recognized them clearly upon waking.
Ἔνιοι δὲ καὶ ἀποκρίνονται ἐρωτώμενοι· ἐνδέχεται γὰρ τοῦ ἐγρηγορέναι καὶ καθεύδειν ἁπλῶς θατέρου ὑπάρχοντος θάτερόν πῃ ὑπάρχειν.
And some even answer when questioned; for it is possible, while one of either waking or sleeping exists absolutely, for the other to exist in a certain way.
Ὧν οὐδὲν ἐνύπνιον φατέον.
None of these should be called a dream.
Οὐδ’ ὅσαι δὴ ἐν τῷ ὕπνῳ γίνονται ἀληθεῖς ἔννοιαι παρὰ τὰ φαντάσματα.
Nor should those true thoughts that occur in sleep apart from the phantasms.
Ἀλλὰ τὸ φάντασμα τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς κινήσεως τῶν αἰσθημάτων, ὅταν ἐν τῷ καθεύδειν ᾖ, ᾗ καθεύδει, τοῦτ’ ἐστὶν ἐνύπνιον.
But the phantasm arising from the movement of sensations, when it is in sleeping, in so far as one sleeps, this is a dream.
Ἤδη δέ τισι συμβέβηκεν ὥστε μηδὲν ἐνύπνιον ἑωρακέναι κατὰ τὸν βίον.
But it has already happened to some that they have never seen a dream in their lives.
Σπάνιον μὲν οὖν τὸ τοιοῦτόν ἐστι, συμβαίνει δ’ ὅμως.
Such a thing is rare, but it happens nevertheless.
Καὶ τοῖς μὲν ὅλως διετέλεσεν, ἐνίοις δὲ καὶ προελθοῦσι πόρρω τῆς ἡλικίας ἐγένετο, πρότερον οὐδὲν ἐνύπνιον ἑωρακόσιν.
And for some it continued throughout their whole lives, while for others it occurred when they had advanced far in age, though they had seen no dream before.
Τὸ δ’ αἴτιον τοῦ μὴ γίνεσθαι παραπλήσιόν τι δεῖ νομίζειν, ὅτι οὐδὲ μετὰ τὴν τροφὴν καθυπνώσασιν οὐδὲ τοῖς παιδίοις γίνεται ἐνύπνιον· ὅσοις γὰρ τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον συνέστηκεν ἡ φύσις ὥστε πολλὴν προσπίπτειν ἀναθυμίασιν πρὸς τὸν ἄνω τόπον, ἣ πάλιν καταφερομένη ποιεῖ πλῆθος κινήσεως, εὐλόγως τούτοις οὐδὲν φαίνεται φάντασμα.
And we must consider the cause of its not occurring to be something very similar to why a dream does not occur to those who have fallen asleep after food, nor to infants; for in those whose nature is so constituted that much exhalation falls towards the upper region, which on descending again produces a multitude of movement, it is reasonable that no phantasm appears to them.
Προϊούσης δὲ τῆς ἡλικίας οὐδὲν ἄτοπον φανῆναι ἐνύπνιον· μεταβολῆς γάρ τινος γενομένης ἢ καθ’ ἡλικίαν ἢ κατὰ πάθος ἀναγκαῖον συμβῆναι τὴν ἐναντίωσιν ταύτην.
But as age advances, it is not at all strange that a dream should appear; for when some change occurs, either because of age or because of an affection, it is necessary that this opposition should happen.