§9.6Αἱ δ’ ἄρκτοι ὅταν φεύγωσι, τὰ σκυμνία προωθοῦσι καὶ ἀναλαβοῦσαι φέρουσιν· ὅταν δ’ ἐπικαταλαμβάνωνται, ἐπὶ τὰ δένδρα ἀναπηδῶσιν.
And bears, when they flee, push their cubs forward and, taking them up, carry them; and when they are being overtaken, they spring up onto the trees.
Καὶ ὅταν ἐκ τοῦ φωλεοῦ ἐξέλθωσι, πρῶτον τὸ ἄρον ἐσθίουσιν, ὥσπερ εἴρηται πρότερον, καὶ τὰ ξύλα διαμασῶνται ὥσπερ ὀδοντοφυοῦσαι.
And when they come out of their dens, they first eat arum, as has been said before, and chew up wood as if they were teething.
Πολλὰ δὲ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ζῴων τῶν τετραπόδων ποιεῖ πρὸς βοήθειαν αὑτοῖς φρονίμως, ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐν Κρήτῃ φασὶ τὰς αἶγας τὰς ἀγρίας, ὅταν τοξευθῶσι, ζητεῖν τὸ δίκταμνον· δοκεῖ δὲ τοῦτο ἐκβλητικὸν εἶναι τῶν τοξευμάτων ἐν τῷ σώματι.
And many of the other quadrupeds also act wisely for their own help; since they say that in Crete the wild goats, when they are shot with arrows, seek dittany; for this seems to be capable of expelling arrows from the body.
Καὶ αἱ κύνες δ’ ὅταν τι πονῶσιν, ἔμετον ποιοῦνται φαγοῦσαί τινα πόαν.
And dogs too, when they suffer from something, make themselves vomit by eating a certain grass.
Ἡ δὲ πάρδαλις ὅταν φάγῃ τὸ φάρμακον τὸ παρδαλιαγχές, ζητεῖ τὴν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου κόπρον·
And the leopard, when it has eaten the leopard's-bane poison, seeks human dung; for it helps it.
βοηθεῖ γὰρ αὐτῇ. Διαφθείρει δὲ τοῦτο τὸ φάρμακον καὶ λέοντας.
And this poison destroys lions too.
Διὸ καὶ οἱ κυνηγοὶ κρεμαννύουσιν ἐν ἀγγείῳ ἔκ τινος δένδρου τὴν κόπρον, ὅπως μὴ ἀποχωρῇ μακρὰν τὸ θηρίον· αὐτοῦ γὰρ προσαλλομένη ἡ πάρδαλις καὶ ἐλπίζουσα λήψεσθαι τελευτᾷ.
Therefore the hunters also hang the dung in a vessel from some tree, so that the beast may not go far away; for the leopard, leaping up towards it and hoping to get it, dies there.
Λέγουσι δὲ καὶ κατανενοηκυῖαν τὴν πάρδαλιν ὅτι τῇ ὀσμῇ αὐτῆς χαίρουσι τὰ θηρία, ἀποκρύπτουσαν ἑαυτὴν θηρεύειν· προσιέναι γὰρ ἐγγύς, καὶ λαμβάνειν οὕτω καὶ τὰς ἐλάφους.
And they say also that the leopard, having observed that wild beasts delight in its odor, hunts by hiding itself; for they come near, and thus it captures even deer.
Ὁ δ’ ἰχνεύμων ὁ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ ὅταν ἴδῃ τὸν ὄφιν τὴν ἀσπίδα καλουμένην, οὐ πρότερον ἐπιτίθεται πρὶν συγκαλέσῃ βοηθοὺς ἄλλους· πρὸς δὲ τὰς πληγὰς καὶ τὰ δήγματα πηλῷ καταπλάττουσιν ἑαυτούς· βρέξαντες γὰρ ἐν τῷ ὕδατι πρῶτον, οὕτω καλινδοῦνται ἐν τῇ γῇ.
And the ichneumon in Egypt, when it sees the snake called the asp, does not attack before it calls other helpers; and against the blows and bites they plaster themselves with mud; for having first wet themselves in water, they thus roll in the earth.
Τῶν δὲ κροκοδείλων χασκόντων οἱ τροχίλοι καθαίρουσιν εἰσπετόμενοι τοὺς ὀδόντας, καὶ αὐτοὶ μὲν τροφὴν λαμβάνουσιν, ὁ δ’ ὠφελούμενος αἰσθάνεται καὶ οὐ βλάπτει, ἀλλ’ ὅταν ἐξελθεῖν βούληται, κινεῖ τὸν αὐχένα, ἵνα μὴ συνδάκῃ.
And when crocodiles gape, the trochili fly in and clean their teeth; and while the birds themselves obtain food, the crocodile, being benefited, senses it and does not harm them, but when the bird wishes to go out, it moves its neck so that it may not bite down.
Ἡ δὲ χελώνη ὅταν ἔχεως φάγῃ, ἐπεσθίει τὴν ὀρίγανον· καὶ τοῦτο ὦπται.
And the tortoise, when it has eaten a viper, eats oregano after it; and this has been observed.
Καὶ ἤδη κατιδών τις τοῦτο πολλάκις ποιοῦσαν αὐτὴν καὶ ὅτε σπάσαι τῆς ὀριγάνου πάλιν ἐπὶ τὸν ἔχιν πορευομένην, ἐξέτιλε τὴν ὀρίγανον· τούτου δὲ συμβάντος ἀπέθανεν ἡ χελώνη.
And once, someone having observed it doing this many times, and when it plucked the oregano and was going back to the viper, pulled up the oregano; and when this happened, the tortoise died.
Ἡ δὲ γαλῆ ὅταν ὄφει μάχηται, ἐπεσθίει τὸ πήγανον· πολεμία γὰρ ἡ ὀσμὴ τοῖς ὄφεσιν.
And the weasel, when it fights with a snake, eats rue after it; for the odor is hostile to snakes.
Ὁ δὲ δράκων ὅταν ὀπωρίζῃ, τὸν ὀπὸν τῆς πικρίδος ἐκροφεῖ, καὶ τοῦθ’ ἑώραται ποιῶν.
And the serpent, when eating autumn fruits, sucks the juice of the wild succory; and it has been seen doing this.
Αἱ δὲ κύνες ὅταν ἑλμινθιῶσιν, ἐσθίουσι τοῦ σίτου τὸ λήϊον, Οἱ δὲ πελαργοὶ καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι τῶν ὀρνίθων, ὅταν ἑλκωθῇ τι μαχομένοις, ἐπιτιθέασι τὴν ὀρίγανον.
And dogs, when they have worms, eat the standing crop of corn. And storks and others of the birds, when some part is wounded as they fight, apply oregano.
Πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ τὴν ἀκρίδα ἑωράκασιν ὅτι, ὅταν μάχηται τοῖς ὄφεσι, λαμβάνεται τοῦ τραχήλου τῶν ὄφεων.
And many have also seen that the locust, when it fights with snakes, takes hold of the neck of the snakes.
Φρονίμως δὲ δοκεῖ καὶ ἡ γαλῆ χειροῦσθαι τοὺς ὄρνιθας· σφάζει γὰρ ὥσπερ οἱ λύκοι τὰ πρόβατα.
And the weasel also seems to capture birds wisely; for it slaughters them just as wolves do sheep.
Μάχεται δὲ καὶ τοῖς ὄφεσι μάλιστα τοῖς μυοθήραις διὰ τὸ καὶ αὐτὴν τοῦτο τὸ ζῷον θηρεύειν.
And it also fights with snakes, especially the mouse-hunters, because it too hunts this animal.
Περὶ δὲ τῆς τῶν ἐχίνων αἰσθήσεως συμβέβηκε πολλαχοῦ τεθεωρῆσθαι ὅτι μεταβαλλόντων βορέων καὶ νότων οἱ μὲν ἐν τῇ γῇ τὰς ὀπὰς αὑτῶν μεταμείβουσιν, οἱ δ’ ἐν ταῖς οἰκίαις τρεφόμενοι μεταβάλλουσι πρὸς τοὺς τοίχους, ὥστ’ ἐν Βυζαντίῳ γέ τινά φασι προλέγοντα λαβεῖν δόξαν ἐκ τοῦ κατανενοηκέναι ποιοῦντα ταῦτα τὸν ἐχῖνον.
And concerning the sensation of hedgehogs, it has happened to have been observed in many places that when north and south winds change, some, being in the earth, alter their holes, while those kept in houses shift towards the walls, so that they say a certain man in Byzantium gained a reputation for predicting the weather from having observed the hedgehog doing these things.
Ἡ δ’ ἴκτις ἔστι μὲν τὸ μέγεθος ἡλίκον Μελιταῖον κυνίδιον τῶν μικρῶν, τὴν δὲ δασύτητα καὶ τὴν ὄψιν καὶ τὸ λευκὸν τὸ ὑποκάτω καὶ τοῦ ἤθους τὴν κακουργίαν ὅμοιον γαλῇ, καὶ τιθασσὸν δὲ γίνεται σφόδρα, τὰ δὲ σμήνη κακουργεῖ· τῷ γὰρ μέλιτι χαίρει.
And the marten is in size as large as a Maltese dog of the small kind, and in shagginess, appearance, the white underneath, and the mischief of its character, similar to a weasel; and it becomes very tame, but it damages beehives, for it delights in honey.
Ἔστι δὲ καὶ ὀρνιθοφάγον ὥσπερ αἱ αἴλουροι.
And it is also a bird-eater like cats.
Τὸ δ’ αἰδοῖον αὐτῆς ἔστι μέν, ὥσπερ εἴρηται, ὀστοῦν, δοκεῖ δ’ εἶναι φάρμακον στραγγουρίας τὸ τοῦ ἄρρενος· διδόασι δ’ ἐπιξύοντες.
And its genital organ is indeed a bone, as has been said, and that of the male is thought to be a remedy for strangury; and they administer it by scraping it.