§9.47Οἱ δὲ κάμηλοι οὐκ ἀναβαίνουσιν ἐπὶ τὰς μητέρας, ἀλλὰ κἂν βιάζηταί τις, οὐ θέλουσιν.
Camels do not mount their own mothers, and even if one tries to force them, they refuse.
Ἤδη γάρ ποτε ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἦν ὀχεῖον, ὁ ἐπιμελητὴς περικαλύψας τὴν μητέρα ἐφῆκε τὸν πῶλον·
Once, when there was no breeding male, the keeper covered the mother and let the young male loose.
ὡς δ’ ὀχεύσαντος ἀπέπεσε, τότε μὲν ἀπετέλεσε τὴν συνουσίαν, μικρὸν δ’ ὕστερον δακὼν τὸν καμηλίτην ἀπέκτεινεν.
After he had mounted her and the cover fell off, he completed the copulation at that time, but a little later, he bit the camel-keeper and killed him.
Λέγεται δὲ καὶ τῷ Σκυθῶν βασιλεῖ γενέσθαι ἵππον γενναίαν, ἐξ ἧς ἅπαντας ἀγαθοὺς γίνεσθαι τοὺς ἵππους·
It is also said that the king of the Scythians had a noble mare, from whom all the offspring were excellent horses.
τούτων ἐκ τοῦ ἀρίστου βουλόμενον γεννῆσαι ἐκ τῆς μητρὸς προσαγαγεῖν, ἵν’ ὀχεύσῃ· τὸν δ’ οὐ θέλειν·
Wishing to breed from the best of these by its own mother, he brought the horse to her to mount, but the horse was unwilling.
περικαλυφθείσης δὲ λαθόντα ἀναβῆναι· ὡς δ’ ὀχεύσαντος ἀπεκαλύφθη τὸ πρόσωπον τῆς ἵππου, ἰδόντα τὸν ἵππον φεύγειν καὶ ῥῖψαι ἑαυτὸν κατὰ τῶν κρημνῶν.
However, when she was covered, he mounted her without realizing it; and when, after the mounting, the face of the mare was uncovered, the horse, seeing this, fled and threw himself down the cliffs.
§9.48Τῶν δὲ θαλασσίων πλεῖστα λέγεται σημεῖα περὶ τοῦς δελφῖνας πραότητος καὶ ἡμερότητος, καὶ δὴ καὶ πρὸς παῖδας ἔρωτες καὶ ἐπιθυμίαι καὶ περὶ Τάραντα καὶ Καρίαν καὶ ἄλλους τόπους.
Of marine animals, many signs of gentleness and tameness are reported concerning dolphins, and indeed, longings and affections towards boys, both around Tarentum and Caria and other places.
Περὶ Καρίαν γὰρ ληφθέντος δελφῖνος καὶ τραύματα λαβόντος ἀθρόον ἐλθεῖν λέγεται πλῆθος δελφίνων εἰς τὸν λιμένα, μέχριπερ ὁ ἁλιεὺς ἀφῆκεν· τότε δὲ πάλιν ἅμα πάντες ἀπῆλθον.
For around Caria, when a dolphin was captured and wounded, a multitude of dolphins is said to have come all together into the harbor until the fisherman released it; and then they all departed together again.
Καὶ τοῖς μικροῖς δελφῖσιν ἀκολουθεῖ τις ἀεὶ τῶν μεγάλων φυλακῆς χάριν.
And some larger dolphin always follows the small ones for the sake of protection.
Ἤδη δ’ ὦπται δελφίνων μεγάλων ἀγέλη ἅμα καὶ μικρῶν· τούτων δ’ ἀπολειπόμενοί τινες δύο οὐ πολὺ ἐφάνησαν δελφινίσκον μικρὸν τεθνηκότα, ὅτ’ εἰς βυθὸν φέροιτο, ὑπονέοντες καὶ μετεωρίζοντες τῷ νώτῳ οἷον κατελεοῦντες, ὥστε μὴ καταβρωθῆναι ὑπό τινος τῶν ἄλλων θηρίων.
Already a school of dolphins, both large and small, has been observed; and two of them, lagging not far behind, were seen when a dead little baby dolphin was sinking into the deep, swimming underneath and lifting it on their backs, as if pitying it, so that it would not be devoured by any of the other beasts.
Λέγεται δὲ καὶ περὶ ταχυτῆτος ἄπιστα τοῦ ζῴου· ἁπάντων γὰρ δοκεῖ εἶναι ζῴων τάχιστον, καὶ τῶν ἐνύδρων καὶ τῶν χερσαίων, καὶ ὑπεράλλονται δὲ πλοίων μεγάλων ἱστούς.
Incredible things are also said about the speed of this animal; for it seems to be the swiftest of all animals, both aquatic and terrestrial, and they even leap over the masts of large ships.
Μάλιστα δὲ τοῦτ’ αὐτοῖς συμβαίνει, ὅταν διώκωσί τινα ἰχθὺν τροφῆς χάριν· τότε γάρ, ἐὰν ἀποφεύγῃ, συνακολουθοῦσιν εἰς βυθὸν διὰ τὸ πεινῆν, ὅταν δ’ αὐτοῖς μακρὰ γίνηται ἡ ἀναστροφή, κατέχουσι τὸ πνεῦμα ὥσπερ ἀναλογισάμενοι, καὶ συστρέψαντες ἑαυτοὺς φέρονται ὥσπερ τόξευμα, τῇ ταχυτῆτι τὸ μῆκος διελθεῖν βουλόμενοι πρὸς τὴν ἀναπνοήν, καὶ ὑπεράλλονται τοὺς ἱστούς, ἐὰν παρατυγχάνῃ που πλοῖον.
This happens to them especially when they are pursuing some fish for food; for then, if it flees, they follow it down into the deep because of hunger, and when their turnback becomes long, they hold their breath as if calculating, and doubling themselves up, they shoot forward like an arrow, wishing to traverse the distance with speed for the sake of breathing, and they leap over the masts if a ship happens to be nearby.
Ταὐτὸν δὲ ποιοῦσι καὶ οἱ κατακολυμβηταί, ὅταν εἰς βυθὸν ἑαυτοὺς ἀφῶσιν· κατὰ τὴν ἑαυτῶν γὰρ δύναμιν καὶ οὗτοι ἀναφέρονται συστρέψαντες.
Divers do the same thing when they let themselves down into the deep; for they also, according to their own strength, come back up after doubling themselves up.
Διατρίβουσι δὲ μετ’ ἀλλήλων κατὰ συζυγίας οἱ ἄρρενες ταῖς θηλείαις.
The males spend their time with the females, paired together.
Διαπορεῖται δὲ περὶ αὐτῶν διὰ τί ἐξοκέλλουσιν εἰς τὴν γῆν· ποιεῖν γάρ φασι τοῦτ’ αὐτοὺς ἐνίοτε, ὅταν τύχωσι, δι’ οὐδεμίαν αἰτίαν.
It is a matter of puzzle concerning them why they run aground on land; for they say that they do this sometimes, by chance, for no reason.
§9.49Ὥσπερ δὲ τὰς πράξεις κατὰ τὰ πάθη συμβαίνει ποιεῖσθαι πᾶσι τοῖς ζῴοις, οὕτω πάλιν καὶ τὰ ἤθη μεταβάλλουσι κατὰ τὰς πράξεις, πολλάκις δὲ καὶ τῶν μορίων ἔνια, οἷον ἐπὶ τῶν ὀρνίθων συμβαίνει.
Just as all animals happen to perform actions according to their feelings, so again they also change their characters according to their actions, and often even some of their body parts, as happens in the case of birds.
Αἵ τε γὰρ ἀλεκτορίδες ὅταν νικήσωσι τοὺς ἄρρενας, κοκκύζουσί τε μιμούμεναι τοὺς ἄρρενας καὶ ὀχεύειν ἐπιχειροῦσι, καὶ τό τε κάλλαιον ἐξαίρεται αὐταῖς καὶ τὸ οὐροπύγιον, ὥστε μὴ ῥᾳδίως ἂν ἐπιγνῶναι ὅτι θήλειαί εἰσιν· ἐνίαις δὲ καὶ πλῆκτρά τινα μικρὰ ἐπανέστη.
For when hens defeat the cocks, they crow in imitation of the males and attempt to mount them, and both their comb and their rump are enlarged, so that one would not easily recognize that they are females; and in some, small spurs even grow.
Ἤδη δὲ καὶ τῶν ἀρρένων τινὲς ὤφθησαν ἀπολομένης τῆς θηλείας αὐτοὶ περὶ τοὺς νεοττοὺς τὴν τῆς θηλείας ποιούμενοι σκευωρίαν, περιάγοντές τε καὶ ἐκτρέφοντες οὕτως ὥστε μήτε κοκκύζειν ἔτι μήτ’ ὀχεύειν ἐπιχειρεῖν.
And already some of the males, when the female has perished, have been seen taking upon themselves the female's care for the chicks, leading them about and rearing them in such a way that they no longer crow or attempt to mount.
Γίνονται δὲ καὶ θηλυδρίαι ἐκ γενετῆς τῶν ὀρνίθων τινὲς οὕτως ὥστε καὶ ὑπομένειν τοὺς ἐπιχειροῦντας ὀχεύειν.
There also arise from birth some effeminate ones among birds, so that they even submit to those attempting to mount them.