§7.10Καὶ τῆς μαίας ἡ ὀμφαλοτομία μέρος ἐστὶν οὐκ ἀστόχου διανοίας· οὐ γὰρ μόνον περὶ τὰς δυστοκίας τῶν γυναικῶν τῇ εὐχερείᾳ δύνασθαι δεῖ βοηθεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς τὰ συμβαίνοντα ἀγχίνουν εἶναι καὶ περὶ τὴν τοῦ ὀμφαλοῦ ἀπόδεσιν τοῖς παιδίοις.
And the cutting of the umbilical cord by the midwife is a matter of no unintelligent consideration; for she must not only be able to help in difficult labors by her dexterity, but also be quick-witted in dealing with occurrences, and especially regarding the tying of the umbilical cord for the infants.
Ἐὰν μὲν γὰρ καὶ τὸ ὕστερον συνεκπέσῃ, ἐρίῳ ἀποδεῖται ἀπὸ τοῦ ὑστέρου ὁ ὀμφαλός, καὶ ἀποτέμνεται ἄνωθεν· ᾗ δ’ ἂν ἀποδεθῇ, συμφύεται, τὸ δὲ συνεχὲς ἀποπίπτει.
For if the afterbirth also falls out at the same time, the umbilical cord is tied with wool at a distance from the afterbirth, and is cut off above; and where it is tied, it grows together, and the contiguous part falls off.
Ἐὰν δὲ λυθῇ τὸ ἅμμα, ἀποθνήσκει τοῦ αἵματος ἐκρυέντος τὸ ἔμβρυον.
But if the knot is undone, the embryo dies because the blood flows out.
Ἐὰν δὲ μὴ συνεξέλθῃ εὐθὺς τὸ ὕστερον, ἔσω ὄντος αὐτοῦ, τοῦ παιδίου δ’ ἔξω, ἀποτέμνεται ἀποδεθέντος τοῦ ὀμφαλοῦ.
And if the afterbirth does not come out immediately, while it is inside and the child is outside, the umbilical cord is cut after being tied.
Πολλάκις δ’ ἔδοξε τεθνεὸς τίκτεσθαι τὸ παιδίον, ὅταν ἀσθενικοῦ ὄντος, πρὶν ἀποδεθῆναι τὸν ὀμφαλόν, τὸ αἷμα ἔξω εἰς τὸν ὀμφαλὸν καὶ τὸ πέριξ τύχῃ ἐξερρυηκός· ἀλλὰ τεχνικαί τινες ἤδη τῶν μαιῶν γενόμεναι ἀπέθλιψαν εἴσω ἐκ τοῦ ὀμφαλοῦ, καὶ εὐθὺς τὸ παιδίον, ὥσπερ ἔξαιμον γενόμενον πρότερον, πάλιν ἀνεβίωσεν.
And often the child has seemed to be born dead, when, because it is weak, before the umbilical cord is tied, the blood happens to have flowed out into the umbilical cord and the surrounding parts; but some midwives, having already become skilled, have squeezed the blood back inward from the umbilical cord, and immediately the child, as if having previously become bloodless, revived again.
Γίνεται δέ, καθάπερ ἐλέχθη πρότερον, κατὰ φύσιν ἐπὶ κεφαλὴν καὶ τἆλλα ζῷα, τὰ δὲ παιδία καὶ τὰς χεῖρας παρατεταμένας παρὰ τὰς πλευράς.
And birth occurs naturally, as was said before, head first for the other animals too, and for children with their hands stretched along their sides.
Ἐξελθόντα δ’ εὐθὺς φθέγγεται, καὶ προσάγει πρὸς τὸ στόμα τὰς χεῖρας.
And having come out, it cries immediately, and brings its hands to its mouth.
Ἀφίησι δὲ καὶ περιττώματα τὰ μὲν εὐθὺς τὰ δὲ διὰ ταχέων, πάντα δ’ ἐν ἡμέρᾳ· καὶ τοῦτο τὸ περίττωμα πλέον ἢ τοῦ παιδὸς κατὰ μέγεθος· ὃ καλοῦσιν αἱ γυναῖκες μηκώνιον.
And it discharges waste products, some immediately, some quickly, but all within a day; and this waste is greater in size than the child; which the women call meconium.
Χρῶμα δὲ τούτου αἱματῶδες καὶ σφόδρα μέλαν, καὶ πιττῶδες, μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο ἤδη γαλακτῶδες· σπᾷ γὰρ εὐθὺς καὶ τὸν μαστόν.
The color of this is bloody and very dark, and pitch-like, but after this it is already milky; for it immediately sucks the breast too.
Πρὶν δ’ ἐξελθεῖν οὐ φθέγγεται τὸ παιδίον, κἂν δυστοκούσης τὴν κεφαλὴν μὲν ὑπερέχῃ, τὸ δ’ ὅλον σῶμα ἔχῃ ἐντός.
But before coming out, the child does not cry, even if, during a difficult birth, it protrudes its head while keeping its whole body inside.
Ὅσαις δ’ ἂν ἐν ταῖς ἀποκαθάρσεσι προεξορμήσωσιν οἱ καθαρμοί, δυσαπαλλακτότεραι γίνονται τῶν ἐμβρύων.
And those women for whom the purgings rush out beforehand during the discharge of fluids become more difficult in delivering their embryos.
Ἐὰν δὲ καθάρσεις μετὰ τὸν τόκον ἐλάττους γένωνται, καὶ ὅσων μόνον αἱ πρῶται, καὶ μὴ διατελέσωσιν εἰς τὰς τετταράκοντα, ἰσχύουσί τε μᾶλλον αἱ γυναῖκες καὶ συλλαμβάνουσι θᾶττον.
But if the purgings after birth are fewer, and for those who have only the first ones and do not continue up to forty days, the women are both stronger and conceive more quickly.
Τὰ δὲ παιδία ὅταν γένωνται, τῶν τετταράκοντα ἡμερῶν ἐγρηγορότα μὲν οὔτε γελᾷ οὔτε δακρύει, νύκτωρ δ’ ἐνίοτε ἄμφω· οὐδὲ κνιζόμενα τὰ πολλὰ αἰσθάνεται, τὸ δὲ πλεῖστον καθεύδει τοῦ χρόνου.
And when infants are born, for forty days they neither laugh nor cry when awake, though sometimes they do both at night; nor do they for the most part perceive when tickled, but they sleep for most of the time.
Αὐξανόμενον δ’ ἀεὶ εἰς τὸ ἐγρηγορέναι μεταβάλλει μᾶλλον· καὶ ἐνυπνιαζόμενον δῆλον μὲν γίνεται, μνημονεύει δ’ ὀψὲ τὰς φαντασίας.
And as they grow, they always transition more into wakefulness; and it becomes clear that they dream, but they remember their visions only late.
Τοῖς μὲν οὖν ἄλλοις ζῴοις οὐδεμία διαφορὰ τῶν ὀστῶν, ἀλλὰ πάντα τετελεσμένα γίνεται· τοῖς δὲ παιδίοις τὸ βρέγμα μαλακόν, καὶ ὀψὲ πήγνυται.
Now, for the other animals there is no difference in the bones, but they are all born complete; but for infants the crown of the head is soft, and hardens only late.
Καὶ τὰ μὲν ἔχοντα γίνεται ὀδόντας, τὰ δὲ παιδία ἑβδόμῳ μηνὶ ἄρχονται ὀδοντοφυεῖν· φύει δὲ πρῶτον τοὺς προσθίους, καὶ τὰ μὲν τοὺς ἄνωθεν πρότερον, τὰ δὲ τοὺς κάτωθεν.
And some animals are born having teeth, but children begin to grow teeth in the seventh month; and they grow the front teeth first, some of them the upper ones earlier, and some the lower ones.
Πάντα δὲ θᾶττον φύουσιν, ὅσων αἱ τίτθαι θερμότερον ἔχουσι τὸ γάλα.
And they all grow them faster, whose nurses have warmer milk.
§7.11Μετὰ δὲ τοὺς τόκους καὶ τὰς καθάρσεις ταῖς γυναιξὶ τὸ γάλα πληθύνεται, καὶ ἐνίαις ῥεῖ οὐ μόνον κατὰ τὰς θηλὰς ἀλλὰ πολλαχῇ τοῦ μαστοῦ, ἐνίαις δὲ καὶ κατὰ τὰς μασχάλας· καὶ διαμένουσιν εἰς τὸν ὕστερον χρόνον στραγγαλίδες, ὅταν μὴ ἐκπεφθῇ μηδὲ ἐξέλθῃ ὑγρότης, ἀλλὰ πληρωθῇ· ἅπας γὰρ ὁ μαστὸς σομφός ἐστιν οὕτως, ὥστε κἂν ἐν τῷ πόματι λάβωσι τρίχα, πόνος ἐγγίνεται ἐν τοῖς μαστοῖς (ὃ καλοῦσι τριχιᾶν), ἕως ἂν ἢ αὐτομάτη ἐξέλθῃ θλιβομένη ἢ μετὰ γάλακτος ἐκθηλασθῇ.
After childbirth and the purgings, milk becomes abundant in women, and in some it flows not only through the nipples but in many parts of the breast, and in some even through the armpits; and hard lumps remain for a later time, when the fluid is not concocted or does not go out, but becomes full; for the whole breast is so porous that even if they take a hair in their drink, pain arises in the breasts (which they call trichian), until either it comes out of itself by being squeezed or is sucked out with the milk.
Τὸ δὲ γάλα ἔχουσιν ἕως ἂν πάλιν συλλάβωσιν· τότε δὲ παύεται καὶ σβέννυται ὁμοίως ἐπ’ ἀνθρώπων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ζῳοτόκων καὶ τετραπόδων.
And they have milk until they conceive again; then it stops and is extinguished, similarly in humans and the other live-bearing quadrupeds.
Τοῦ γάλακτος δ’ ἐξιόντος οὐ γίνονται αἱ καθάρσεις ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ, ἐπεὶ ἤδη τισὶ θηλαζομέναις ἐγένετο κάθαρσις.
And while milk is coming out, the purgings do not occur for the most part, although already for some who were breast-feeding a purging has occurred.
Ὅλως δ’ ἅμα πολλαχῇ οὐ συμβαίνει ἡ ὁρμὴ τῆς ὑγρότητος, οἷον ταῖς ἐχούσαις αἱμορροΐδας χείρους αἱ καθάρσεις ἐπιγίνονται.
In general, the rush of fluid does not happen in multiple places at the same time; for example, for those who have hemorrhoids, the purgings turn out to be worse.
Ἐνίαις δὲ καὶ διὰ τῶν ἰσχίων, ὅταν ἀπὸ τῆς ὀσφύος ἐκκριθῇ, πρὶν ἐλθεῖν εἰς τὰς ὑστέρας.
And in some women, it occurs even through the hips, when it is secreted from the loin before coming into the uterus.
Καὶ ὅσαις δ’ ἂν μὴ γινομένων τῶν καθάρσεων αἷμα συμπέσῃ ἐμέσαι, οὐθὲν βλάπτονται.
And those for whom, in the absence of the purgings, it happens to vomit blood, are not harmed at all.
§7.12Εἴωθε δὲ τὰ παιδία τὰ πλεῖστα σπασμὸς ἐπιλαμβάνειν, καὶ μᾶλλον τὰ εὐτραφέστερα καὶ γάλακτι χρώμενα πλείονι ἢ παχυτέρῳ καὶ τίτθαις εὐσάρκοις.
And spasm is accustomed to seize most infants, and especially those that are more well-nourished and use more or thicker milk, and those with plump nurses.
Βλαβερὸν δὲ πρὸς τὸ πάθος καὶ ὁ οἶνος ὁ μέλας μᾶλλον τοῦ λευκοῦ, καὶ ὁ μὴ ὑδαρής, καὶ τὰ πλεῖστα τῶν φυσωδῶν, καὶ ἐὰν ἡ κοιλία στῇ.
And dark wine is more harmful for this condition than white, and that which is not diluted, and most flatulent things, and if the bowels are constipated.
Τὰ πλεῖστα δ’ ἀναιρεῖται πρὸ τῆς ἑβδόμης· διὸ καὶ τὰ ὀνόματα τότε τίθενται, ὡς πιστεύοντες ἤδη μᾶλλον τῇ σωτηρίᾳ.
And most of them are carried off before the seventh day; which is why names are also given then, as people then believe more in their survival.
Καὶ ἐν ταῖς πανσελήνοις δὲ μᾶλλον πονοῦσιν.
And they suffer more also during full moons.
Ἐπικίνδυνον δὲ καὶ ὅσοις τῶν παιδίων οἱ σπασμοὶ ἐκ τοῦ νώτου ἄρχονται.
And it is dangerous also for those infants for whom the spasms begin from the back.