§6.21Βοῦς δὲ πληροῖ μὲν ὁ ἄρρην ἐκ μιᾶς ὀχείας, βαίνει δὲ σφοδρῶς ὥστε συγκάμπτεσθαι τὴν βοῦν·
In the case of cattle, the male impregnates from a single copulation, and mounts so vigorously that the cow bends.
ἐὰν δ’ ἁμάρτῃ τῆς ὁρμῆς, εἴκοσιν ἡμέρας διαλείπουσα προσίεται πάλιν ἡ θήλεια τὴν ὀχείαν.
If he fails in his attempt, the female, after an interval of twenty days, again admits copulation.
Οἱ μὲν οὖν πρεσβύτεροι τῶν ταύρων οὐδ’ ἀναβαίνουσι πλεονάκις ἐπὶ τὴν αὐτὴν τῆς αὐτῆς ἡμέρας, ἐὰν μὴ ἄρα διαλιπόντες· οἱ δὲ νεώτεροι καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν βιάζονται πλεονάκις καὶ ἐπὶ πολλὰς ἀναβαίνουσι διὰ τὴν ἀκμήν.
Now, the older bulls do not even mount the same cow several times on the same day, unless after an interval; but the younger ones, because of their vigor, both force the same cow several times and mount many.
Ἥκιστα δὲ λάγνον τῶν ἀρρένων ἐστὶ βοῦς.
Cattle is the least lustful of male animals.
Ὀχεύει δ’ ὁ νικῶν τῶν ταύρων· ὅταν δ’ ἐξαδυνατήσῃ διὰ τὴν λαγνείαν, ἐπιτίθεται ὁ ἡττώμενος, καὶ κρατεῖ πολλάκις.
The victorious bull couples; but when he is exhausted from coupling, the defeated bull attacks and often succeeds.
Ὀχεύει δὲ τὰ ἄρρενα καὶ ὀχεύεται τὰ θήλεα ἐνιαύσια ὄντα πρῶτον, ὥστε καὶ γεννᾶν· οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ τό γ’ ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ ἐνιαύσιοι καὶ ὀκτάμηνοι, τὸ δὲ μάλισθ’ ὁμολογούμενον διετεῖς.
The males couple and the females are coupled first when they are one year old, so that they can also reproduce; not but what for the most part they do so at one year and eight months, and what is most agreed upon is at two years old.
Κύει δ’ ἐννέα μῆνας, δεκάτῳ δὲ τίκτει· ἔνιοι δὲ διισχυρίζονται δέκα μῆνας κύειν ἡμερολεγδόν.
The cow is pregnant for nine months, and brings forth in the tenth; but some insist that they are pregnant for ten months, counting by the days.
Ὅ τι δ’ ἂν ἔμπροσθεν ἐξενεχθῇ τῶν εἰρημένων χρόνων, ἐκβόλιμόν ἐστι καὶ οὐ θέλει ζῆν· μαλακαὶ γὰρ καὶ ἀτελεῖς γίνονται αἱ ὁπλαί.
Whatever is brought forth before the said periods is an abortion and does not survive; for the hooves are soft and undeveloped.
Τίκτει δ’ ἓν τὰ πλεῖστα, ὀλιγάκις δὲ δύο· καὶ τίκτει καὶ ὀχεύει ἕως ἂν ζῇ.
She brings forth one for the most part, and rarely two; and she brings forth and couples as long as she lives.
Ζῶσι δ’ ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ περὶ πεντεκαίδεκα ἔτη αἱ θήλειαι· καὶ οἱ ἄρρενες δ’, ἐὰν ἐκτμηθῶσιν.
The females live for the most part about fifteen years; and the males also, if they are castrated.
Ἔνιοι δὲ ζῶσι καὶ εἴκοσιν ἔτη καὶ ἔτι πλείω, ἐὰν εὔφορον ἔχωσι τὸ σῶμα· καὶ γὰρ τῶν βοῶν τοὺς τομίας ἐθίζουσι, καὶ καθιστᾶσι τῶν βοῶν ἡγεμόνας ὥσπερ τῶν προβάτων, καὶ ζῶσιν οὗτοι πλείω χρόνον τῶν ἄλλων διά τε τὸ μὴ πονεῖν καὶ διὰ τὸ νέμεσθαι ἀκέραιον νομήν.
But some live even twenty years and still more, if they have a healthy body; for indeed they train the castrated among cattle, and appoint them leaders of the herds just as in sheep, and these live longer than the others both because they do not work and because they graze on untouched pasture.
Ἀκμάζει δὲ μάλιστα πεντέτης ὤν, διὸ καὶ Ὅμηρόν φασι πεποιηκέναι τινὲς ὀρθῶς ποιήσαντα
ἄρσενα πενταέτηρον
καὶ τὸ
βοὸς ἐννεώροιο· δύνασθαι γὰρ ταὐτόν.
Cattle is at its peak especially when five years old, wherefore some say that Homer wrote correctly when he wrote "a male of five years" and "a beast of nine years"; for they say that these can mean the same thing.
Τοὺς δ’ ὀδόντας βάλλει βοῦς διετής, καὶ οὐκ ἀθρόους ἀλλ’ ὥσπερ ἵππος· τὰς δ’ ὁπλάς, ὁπόταν ποδαγρᾷ, οὐκ ἀποβάλλει, ἀλλ’ οἰδεῖ μόνον σφόδρα τοὺς πόδας.
Cattle shed their teeth when two years old, not all at once but like a horse; but when they suffer from foot-rot, they do not shed their hooves, but their feet only swell violently.
Τὸ δὲ γάλα, ὅταν τέκῃ, χρήσιμον γίνεται· ἔμπροσθεν δ’ οὐκ ἔχει γάλα.
The milk becomes useful when she has brought forth; before that she has no milk.
Τὸ δὲ πρῶτον γινόμενον γάλα ὅταν παγῇ, οὕτω γίνεται σκληρὸν ὥσπερ λίθος· τοῦτο δὲ συμβαίνει, ἐὰν μή τις μίξῃ ὕδατι.
The milk that is first produced, when it coagulates, becomes as hard as stone; this happens unless one mixes it with water.
Νεώτεραι δ’ ἐνιαυσίων οὐκ ὀχεύονται, πλὴν ἐάν τι τερατῶδες ᾖ· ἤδη δέ τινες καὶ τετράμηνοι ὠχεύθησαν καὶ ὤχευσαν.
Those younger than one year old do not couple, unless there is something monstrous; and indeed some even at four months old have been coupled and have coupled.
Ἄρχονται δὲ τῆς ὀχείας περὶ τὸν Θαργηλιῶνα μῆνα καὶ τὸν Σκιρροφοριῶνα αἱ πλεῖσται· οὐ μὴν ἀλλ’ ἔνιαι καὶ μέχρι τοῦ μετοπώρου κυΐσκονται.
Most of them begin to couple about the month of Thargelion and Scirophorion; not but what some conceive even until autumn.
Ὅταν δὲ πολλαὶ κύωσι καὶ προσδέχωνται τὴν ὀχείαν, σφόδρα δοκεῖ σημεῖον εἶναι καὶ χειμῶνος καὶ ἐπομβρίας.
When many are pregnant and yet admit copulation, this is thought to be a very strong sign of both winter and heavy rain.
Αἱ δὲ συνήθειαι γίνονται μὲν ταῖς βουσὶν ὥσπερ ταῖς ἵπποις, ἧττον δέ.
Attachment between mates occurs in cattle as in horses, but to a lesser degree.