§6.2#2Γίνεται δὲ τὰ ὑπηνέμια γόνιμα καὶ τὰ ἐξ ὀχείας ἐνυπάρχοντα ἤδη μεταβάλλει τὸ γένος εἰς ἄλλο γένος, ἐὰν πρὶν μεταβαλεῖν ἐκ τοῦ ὠχροῦ εἰς τὸ λευκὸν ὀχεύηται ἡ τὰ ὑπηνέμια ἔχουσα ἢ τὰ γόνῳ εἰλημμένα ἐξ ἑτέρου ὄρνιθος· καὶ γίνεται τὰ μὲν ὑπηνέμια γόνιμα, τὰ δὲ προϋπάρχοντα κατὰ τὸν ὕστερον ὀχεύοντα ὄρνιθα.
Wind-eggs become fertile, and those already existing from copulation change their genus into another genus, if, before changing from yellow to white, the female having the wind-eggs or those conceived by generation from another bird copulates; and the wind-eggs become fertile, while the pre-existing ones conform to the later copulating bird.
Ἂν δ’ ἤδη μεταβαλλόντων εἰς τὸ λευκόν, οὐθὲν μεταβάλλει οὔτε τὰ ὑπηνέμια ὥστε γίνεσθαι γόνιμα, οὔτε τὰ γόνῳ κυούμενα ὥστε μεταβάλλειν εἰς τὸ τοῦ ὀχεύοντος γένος.
But if they are already changing into white, nothing changes, neither the wind-eggs so as to become fertile, nor those conceived by generation so as to change into the genus of the copulating bird.
Καὶ ἐὰν ὑπαρχόντων δὲ μικρῶν διαλείπῃ ἡ ὀχεία, οὐθὲν ἐπαυξάνεται τὰ προϋπάρχοντα· ἐὰν δὲ πάλιν ὀχεύηται, ταχεῖα γίνεται ἡ ἐπίδοσις εἰς τὸ μέγεθος.
And if, while they are still small, copulation is interrupted, the pre-existing ones do not grow at all; but if copulation takes place again, the increase in size becomes rapid.
Ἔχει δὲ φύσιν τοῦ ᾠοῦ τὸ ὠχρὸν καὶ τὸ λευκὸν ἐναντίαν οὐ μόνον τῷ χρώματι ἀλλὰ καὶ τῇ δυνάμει· τὸ μὲν γὰρ ὠχρὸν ὑπὸ τοῦ ψύχους πήγνυται, τὸ δὲ λευκὸν οὐ πήγνυται ἀλλ’ ὑγραίνεται μᾶλλον· ὑπὸ δὲ τοῦ πυρὸς τὸ μὲν λευκὸν πήγνυται, τὸ δ’ ὠχρὸν οὐ πήγνυται ἀλλὰ μαλακὸν διατελεῖ, ἂν μὴ κατακαυθῇ, καὶ μᾶλλον ἑψομένου ἢ πυρουμένου συνίσταται καὶ ξηραίνεται.
The yellow and the white of the egg have a nature contrary not only in color but also in property; for the yellow is coagulated by cold, but the white is not coagulated but rather becomes more liquid; on the other hand, by fire the white is coagulated, but the yellow is not coagulated but remains soft, unless it is burnt, and it thickens and dries more when boiled than when roasted.
Ἑκάτερον δὲ χωρὶς ὑμένι διείληπται ἀπ’ ἀλλήλων.
And each of them is separated from one another by a membrane.
Αἱ δὲ πρὸς τῇ ἀρχῇ τοῦ ὠχροῦ χάλαζαι οὐθὲν συμβάλλονται πρὸς τὴν γένεσιν, ὥσπερ τινὲς ὑπολαμβάνουσιν· εἰσὶ δὲ δύο, ἡ μὲν κάτωθεν ἡ δ’ ἄνωθεν.
The chalazae at the beginning of the yellow contribute nothing to generation, as some suppose; and there are two, one from below and the other from above.
Συμβαίνει δὲ περὶ τὸ ὠχρὸν καὶ τὸ λευκόν, καὶ ὅταν ἐξαιρεθέντα συνεράσῃ τις πλείω τοιαῦτα εἰς κύστιν καὶ ἕψῃ μαλακῶς καὶ μὴ συντόνῳ τῷ πυρί, τὸ ὠχρὸν εἰς τὸ μέσον συνέρχεται πᾶν, κύκλῳ δὲ τὸ λευκὸν περιίσταται.
And it happens concerning the yellow and the white, also when someone, having removed them, mixes several of them into a bladder and boils them gently and not with an intense fire, all the yellow comes together into the middle, and the white settles around it in a circle.
Τῶν δ’ ἀλεκτορίδων αἱ νεοττίδες πρῶτον τίκτουσιν εὐθὺς ἀρχομένου τοῦ ἔαρος, καὶ πλείω τίκτουσιν ἢ αἱ πρεσβύτεραι· ἐλάττω δὲ τῷ μεγέθει τὰ ἐκ τῶν νεωτέρων.
Of hens, the young ones lay first immediately at the beginning of spring, and they lay more than the older ones; but the eggs from the younger ones are smaller in size.
Ὅλως δὲ ἐὰν μὴ ἐπῳάζωσιν αἱ ὄρνιθες, διαφθείρονται καὶ κάμνουσιν.
In general, if the birds do not brood, the eggs are spoiled and they themselves fall sick.
Ὀχευθεῖσαι δὲ αἱ μὲν ὄρνιθες φρίττουσί τε καὶ ἀποσείονται καὶ πολλάκις κάρφος περιβάλλονται (ποιοῦσι δὲ τὸ αὐτὸ τοῦτο καὶ τεκοῦσαι ἐνίοτε), αἱ δὲ περιστεραὶ ἐφέλκουσι τὸ ὀρροπύγιον, οἱ δὲ χῆνες κατακολυμβῶσιν.
Having copulated, some birds shiver and shake themselves and often put straw around themselves (and they do this same thing also sometimes after laying), and pigeons drag their rump, and geese dive.
Αἱ δὲ κυήσεις καὶ αἱ τῶν ὑπηνεμίων ᾠῶν συλλήψεις ταχεῖαι γίνονται ταῖς πλείσταις τῶν ὀρνίθων, οἷον καὶ τῇ πέρδικι, ὅταν ὀργᾷ πρὸς τὴν ὀχείαν· ἐὰν γὰρ κατὰ πνεῦμα στῇ τοῦ ἄρρενος, κυΐσκεται καὶ εὐθὺς ἄχρηστος γίνεται πρὸς τὰς θήρας· ὄσφρησιν γὰρ δοκεῖ ἔχειν ἐπίδηλον ὁ πέρδιξ.
And conceptions and the settings of wind-eggs become rapid for most birds, as also for the partridge, when it is in heat for copulation; for if it stands downwind of the male, it becomes pregnant and immediately becomes useless for hunting; for the partridge seems to have a conspicuous sense of smell.
Ἡ δὲ τοῦ ᾠοῦ γένεσις μετὰ τὴν ὀχείαν καὶ ἐκ τοῦ ᾠοῦ πάλιν συμπεττομένου ἡ τοῦ νεοττοῦ γένεσις οὐκ ἐν ἴσοις χρόνοις συμβαίνει πᾶσιν, ἀλλὰ διαφέρει κατὰ τὰ μεγέθη τῶν γεννώντων.
And the generation of the egg after copulation, and again the generation of the chick from the egg as it is incubated, does not happen in equal times for all, but differs according to the sizes of the parents.
Συνίσταται δὲ τὸ τῆς ἀλεκτορίδος ᾠὸν μετὰ τὴν ὀχείαν καὶ τελειοῦται ἐν δέχ’ ἡμέραις ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ· καὶ τῆς περιστερᾶς δ’ ἐν μικρῷ ἐλάττονι.
The egg of the hen is formed after copulation and is perfected in ten days for the most part; and that of the pigeon in a slightly shorter time.
Δύνανται δ’ αἱ περιστεραὶ ἤδη τοῦ ᾠοῦ ἐν ὠδῖνι ὄντος κατέχειν· ἐὰν γάρ τι ἐνοχληθῇ ὑπό τινος ἢ περὶ τὴν νεοττείαν ἢ πτερὸν ἐκτιλθῇ ἢ ἄλλο τι πονήσῃ καὶ δυσαρεστήσῃ, κατέχει καὶ οὐ τίκτει μελλήσασα.
And pigeons are able to hold back the egg even when it is already in labor; for if they are disturbed by something either about the nest, or a feather is plucked, or they suffer some other pain and are displeased, they hold it back and do not lay, though they were about to.
Ἴδια δὲ περὶ τὰς περιστερὰς συμβαίνει καὶ τάδε περὶ τὴν ὀχείαν.
And these unique things also happen concerning pigeons in regard to copulation.
Κυνοῦσί τε γὰρ ἀλλήλας, ὅταν μέλλῃ ἀναβαίνειν ὁ ἄρρην, ἢ οὐκ ἂν ὀχεύσειεν, ὁ μὲν πρεσβύτερος τὸ πρῶτον· ὕστερον μέντοι ἀναβαίνει καὶ μὴ κύσας· οἱ δὲ νεώτεροι ἀεὶ τοῦτο ποιήσαντες ὀχεύουσιν.
For they kiss each other when the male is about to mount, or otherwise he would not copulate—the older male at first; later, however, he mounts even without kissing; but the younger ones always do this before copulating.
Τοῦτό τε δὴ ἴδιον ποιοῦσι, καὶ ἔτι αἱ θήλειαι ἀλλήλαις ἀναβαίνουσιν, ὅταν ἄρρην μὴ παρῇ, κύσασαι ὥσπερ οἱ ἄρρενες· καὶ οὐθὲν προϊέμεναι εἰς ἀλλήλας τίκτουσιν ᾠὰ πλείω ἢ τὰ γόνῳ γινόμενα, ἐξ ὧν οὐ γίνεται νεοττὸς οὐθείς, ἀλλ’ ὑπηνέμια πάντα τὰ τοιαῦτά ἐστιν.
They do this unique thing, and furthermore, the females mount each other when a male is not present, having kissed just like the males; and without emitting anything to each other, they lay more eggs than those produced by generation, from which no chick is produced, but all such are wind-eggs.