§6.2#1Τὸ δ’ ᾠὸν ἁπάντων ὁμοίως τῶν ὀρνίθων σκληρόδερμόν τ’ ἐστίν, ἐὰν γόνῳ γένηται καὶ μὴ διαφθαρῇ (ἔνια γὰρ μαλακὰ τίκτουσιν αἱ ἀλεκτορίδες), καὶ δίχροα τὰ ᾠὰ τὰ τῶν ὀρνίθων, ἐκτὸς μὲν τὸ λευκόν, ἐντὸς δὲ τὸ ὠχρόν.
The egg of all birds alike is hard-shelled, if it be produced by generation and not be spoiled (for some hens lay soft eggs), and the eggs of birds are two-colored, the white on the outside, and the yellow on the inside.
Διαφέρουσι δὲ καὶ τὰ τῶν περὶ ποταμοὺς καὶ λίμνας γινομένων ὀρνέων πρὸς τὰ τῶν ξηροβατικῶν· πολλαπλάσιον γὰρ ἔχει τὰ τῶν ἐνύδρων κατὰ λόγον τὸ ὠχρὸν πρὸς τὸ λευκόν.
And those of birds produced about rivers and lakes differ from those of dry-land birds; for those of water-birds have, in proportion, many times more of the yellow to the white.
Καὶ τὰ χρώματα δὲ τῶν ᾠῶν διαφέρει κατὰ τὰ γένη τῶν ὀρνίθων· τῶν μὲν γὰρ λευκά ἐστι τὰ ᾠά, οἷον περιστερᾶς καὶ πέρδικος, τῶν δ’ ὠχρά, οἷον τῶν περὶ τὰς λίμνας, τῶν δὲ κατεστιγμένα, οἷον τὰ τῶν μελεαγρίδων καὶ φασιανῶν· τὰ δὲ τῆς κεγχρίδος ἐρυθρά ἐστιν ὥσπερ μίλτος.
And the colors of the eggs also differ according to the genera of the birds; for the eggs of some are white, as of the pigeon and the partridge, of others yellow, as of those about lakes, of others spotted, as those of guinea-fowls and pheasants; and those of the kestrel are red like red ochre.
Ἔχει δὲ τὸ ᾠὸν διαφοράν· τῇ μὲν γὰρ ὀξὺ τῇ δὲ πλατύτερόν ἐστιν· ἐξιόντος δ’ ἡγεῖται τὸ πλατύ.
And the egg has a difference; for in one part it is sharp, and in the other flatter; and when it comes out, the flat part leads.
Ἔστι δὲ τὰ μὲν μακρὰ καὶ ὀξέα τῶν ᾠῶν θήλεα, τὰ δὲ στρογγύλα καὶ περιφέρειαν ἔχοντα κατὰ τὸ ὀξὺ ἄρρενα.
And the long and sharp eggs are female, but those that are round and have a circularity at the sharp end are male.
Ἐκπέττεται μὲν οὖν ἐπῳαζόντων τῶν ὀρνίθων, οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ καὶ αὐτόματα ἐν τῇ γῇ ὥσπερ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, κατορυττόντων εἰς τὴν κόπρον· καὶ ἐν Συρακούσαις δὲ φιλοπότης τις ὑποτιθέμενος ὑπὸ τὴν ψίαθον εἰς τὴν γῆν τοσοῦτον ἔπινεν, ὡς φασί, χρόνον συνεχῶς, ἕως ἐκλέποι τὰ ᾠά.
Now they are hatched when the birds brood, and yet also spontaneously in the ground, as in Egypt, when they bury them in dung; and in Syracuse, a certain drinker, placing eggs under a mat on the ground, drank continuously for so long a time, as they say, until the eggs hatched.
Ἤδη δὲ καὶ κείμενα ἐν ἀγγείοις ἀλεεινοῖς ἐξεπέφθη καὶ ἐξῆλθεν αὐτόματα.
And already some, placed in warm vessels, have been hatched and come out spontaneously.
Ἡ μὲν οὖν γονὴ πάντων τῶν ὀρνίθων λευκή, ὥσπερ καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ζῴων· ὅταν δ’ ὀχευθῇ, ἄνω πρὸς τὸ ὑπόζωμα λαμβάνει ἡ θήλεια.
Now the semen of all birds is white, just as that of other animals; but when copulation takes place, the female receives it up near the diaphragm.
Καὶ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον μικρὸν καὶ λευκὸν φαίνεται, ἔπειτα ἐρυθρὸν καὶ αἱματῶδες, αὐξανόμενον δὲ ὠχρὸν καὶ ξανθὸν ἅπαν· ὅταν δ’ ἤδη γίγνηται ἁδρότερον, διακρίνεται, καὶ ἔσω μὲν τὸ ὠχρὸν ἔξω δὲ τὸ λευκὸν περιίσταται.
And at first it appears small and white, then red and bloody, and as it grows, it becomes entirely yellow and pale; and when it already becomes larger, a distinction takes place, and the yellow settles inside and the white outside.
Ὅταν δὲ τελειωθῇ, ἀπολύεταί τε καὶ ἐξέρχεται οὕτω τῷ καιρῷ ἐκ τοῦ μαλακὸν εἶναι μεταβάλλον ἐπὶ τὸ σκληρόν, ὥστ’ ἐξέρχεται μὲν οὔπω πεπηγός, ἐξελθὸν δ’ εὐθέως πήγνυται καὶ γίνεται σκληρόν, ἐὰν μὴ ἐξίῃ νενοσηκός.
And when it is perfected, it is released and comes out, changing from being soft to being hard at such a timing that, though it comes out not yet hardened, once out it immediately hardens and becomes hard, unless it comes out diseased.
Ἐφάνη δ’ ἤδη, οἷον ἔν τινι καιρῷ γίνεται τὸ ᾠόν (ἅπαν γὰρ ὠχρὸν ὁμοίως ἐστίν, ὥσπερ ὕστερον ὁ νεοττός), τοιαῦτα καὶ ἐν ἀλεκτρυόνι διαιρουμένῳ ὑπὸ τὸ ὑπόζωμα, οὗπερ αἱ θήλειαι ἔχουσι τὰ ᾠά, τὸ μὲν εἶδος ὠχρὰ ὅλα, τὸ δὲ μέγεθος ἡλίκα ᾠά· ἃν ἐν τέρατος λόγῳ τιθέασιν.
And there have already been seen, showing what the egg is like at a certain period (for it is all equally yellow, just as the chick is later), such things also in a hen when dissected under the diaphragm, where the females have their eggs, entirely yellow in appearance, and in size as large as eggs; which they count as a portent.
Οἱ δὲ λέγοντες ὅτι ὑπολείμματά ἐστι τὰ ὑπηνέμια τῶν ἔμπροσθεν ἐξ ὀχείας γινομένων, οὐκ ἀληθῆ λέγουσιν· ὦπται γὰρ ἱκανῶς ἤδη ἀνόχευτοι νεοττίδες ἀλεκτορίδων καὶ χηνῶν τίκτουσαι ὑπηνέμια.
And those who say that wind-eggs are the remnants of previous ones produced from copulation do not speak the truth; for it has been sufficiently observed already that young hens and geese without copulation lay wind-eggs.
Τὰ δ’ ᾠὰ τὰ ὑπηνέμια ἐλάττω μὲν τῷ μεγέθει γίνεται καὶ ἧττον ἡδέα καὶ ὑγρότερα τῶν γονίμων, πλήθει δὲ πλείω· ὑποτιθεμένων δὲ τῇ ὄρνιθι οὐθὲν παχύνεται τὸ ὑγρόν, ἀλλὰ τό τε ὠχρὸν διαμένει καὶ τὸ λευκὸν ὅμοια ὄντα.
And wind-eggs are smaller in size and less pleasant and more watery than fertile ones, but more numerous in quantity; and when placed under the bird, the liquid does not thicken at all, but both the yellow and the white remain similar.
Γίνεται δ’ ὑπηνέμια πολλῶν, οἷον ἀλεκτορίδος, πέρδικος, περιστερᾶς, ταῶνος, χηνός, χηναλώπεκος.
And wind-eggs occur in many, such as the hen, partridge, pigeon, peacock, goose, and sheldrake.
Ἐκλέπεται δ’ ἐπῳαζουσῶν ἐν τῷ θέρει θᾶττον ἢ ἐν τῷ χειμῶνι· ἐν ὀκτωκαίδεκα γὰρ ἡμέραις αἱ ἀλεκτορίδες ἐν τῷ θέρει ἐκλέπουσιν, ἐν δὲ τῷ χειμῶνι ἐνίοτ’ ἐν πέντε καὶ εἴκοσιν.
And they are hatched more quickly when they brood in summer than in winter; for in summer hens hatch in eighteen days, but in winter sometimes in twenty-five.
Διαφέρουσι μέντοι καὶ ὄρνιθες ὀρνίθων τῷ ἐπῳαστικώτεραι εἶναι ἕτεραι ἑτέρων.
However, birds also differ from birds in that some are more disposed to brood than others.
Ἐὰν δὲ βροντήσῃ ἐπῳαζούσης, διαφθείρεται τὰ ᾠά.
And if it thunders while a bird is brooding, the eggs are spoiled.
Τὰ δὲ καλούμενα ὑπό τινων κυνόσουσα καὶ οὔρια γίνεται τοῦ θέρους μᾶλλον.
And those called by some kynosousa and ouria occur more in summer.
Ζεφύρια δὲ καλεῖται τὰ ὑπηνέμια ὑπό τινων, ὅτι ὑπὸ τὴν ἐαρινὴν ὥραν φαίνονται δεχόμεναι τὰ πνεύματα αἱ ὄρνιθες· τοιοῦτον δὲ ποιοῦσι καὶ τῇ χειρί πως ψηλαφώμεναι.
And wind-eggs are called zephyria by some, because in the spring season the birds are seen receiving the breezes; and they do the same also when they are stroked in some way by the hand.