§6.14Οἱ δὲ λιμναῖοι καὶ οἱ ποτάμιοι τῶν ἰχθύων κυήματα μὲν ἴσχουσι πεντάμηνοι τὴν ἡλικίαν ὄντες ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολύ, τίκτουσι δὲ τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ περιιόντος ἅπαντες· ὥσπερ δὲ καὶ οἱ θαλάττιοι, καὶ οὗτοι οὐκ ἐξαφιᾶσιν οὐδέποτε ἅμα πᾶν, οὔτε αἱ θήλειαι τὸ ᾠὸν οὔτε οἱ ἄρρενες τὸν θορόν, ἀλλ’ ἔχουσιν ἀεὶ πλείω ἢ ἐλάττονα αἱ μὲν ᾠὰ οἱ δὲ θορόν.
Of the lake and river fishes, they have embryos for the most part when they are five months old, and they all spawn when the year comes round; and just like the marine ones, these also never release everything at once, neither the females the eggs nor the males the milt, but they always have more or less, the ones eggs and the others milt.
Τίκτουσι δ’ ἐν τῇ καθηκούσῃ ὥρᾳ κυπρῖνος μὲν πεντάκις ἢ ἑξάκις· ποιεῖαι δὲ τὸν τόκον μάλιστα ἐπὶ τοῖς ἄστροις· χαλκὶς δὲ τίκτει τρίς, οἱ δ’ ἄλλοι ἅπαξ ἐν τῷ ἐνιαυτῷ.
And they spawn at the proper season, the carp five or six times; and it makes its spawning especially at the rising of the stars; and the chalcis spawns three times, and the others once in the year.
Τίκτουσι δὲ πάντες ἐν ταῖς προλιμνάσι τῶν ποταμῶν καὶ τῶν λιμνῶν πρὸς τὰ καλαμώδη, οἷον οἵ τε φοξῖνοι καὶ αἱ πέρκαι.
And they all spawn in the shallow inlets of the rivers and the lakes near the reedy places, such as the phoxinoi and the perch.
Οἱ δὲ γλάνεις καὶ αἱ πέρκαι συνεχὲς ἀφιᾶσι τὸ κύημα, ὥσπερ οἱ βάτραχοι· οὕτω δὲ συνεχές ἐστι τὸ κύημα περιειλιγμένον, ὥστε τό γε τῆς πέρκης διὰ πλατύτητα ἀναπηνίζονται ἐν ταῖς λίμναις οἱ ἁλιεῖς ἐκ τῶν καλάμων.
And the glanis and the perch release their spawn in a continuous string, just like frogs; and the spawn is so continuously wound that the fishermen in the lakes, because of its width, unwind that of the perch from the reeds.
Οἱ μὲν οὖν μείζους τῶν γλανίων ἐν τοῖς βαθέσι ἐκτίκτουσιν, ἔνιοι καὶ κατ’ ὀργυιᾶς τὸ βάθος, οἱ δ’ ἐλάττους αὐτῶν ἐν τοῖς βραχυτέροις, μάλιστα πρὸς ῥίζαις ἰτέας ἢ ἄλλου τινὸς δένδρου, καὶ πρὸς τῷ καλάμῳ δὲ καὶ πρὸς τῷ βρύῳ.
Now the larger of the glanis spawn in deep waters, some even at a depth of a fathom, but the smaller of them in shallower waters, especially near the roots of a willow or some other tree, and also near the reed and the moss.
Συμπλέκοται δὲ πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἐνίοτε καὶ πάνυ μέγας πρὸς μικρόν· καὶ προσαγαγόντες τοὺς πόρους πρὸς ἀλλήλους, οὓς καλοῦσί τινες ὀμφαλούς, ᾗ τὸν γόνον ἀφιᾶσιν, ὁ μὲν τὸ ᾠὸν ὁ δὲ τὸν θορὸν ἐξίησιν.
And sometimes they entwine with one another, even a very large one with a small one; and bringing their passages close to each other, which some call navels, through which they release their spawn, the one discharges the egg and the other the milt.
Ὅσα δ’ ἂν τῷ θορῷ μιχθῇ τῶν ᾠῶν, εὐθύς τε λευκότερα φαίνεται καὶ μείζω ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὡς εἰπεῖν.
And as many of the eggs as are mixed with the milt appear immediately whiter and larger, so to speak, in a day.
Ὕστερον δ’ ἐν ὀλίγῳ χρόνῳ δῆλά ἐστι τὰ ὄμματα τοῦ ἰχθύος· τοῦτο γὰρ ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἰχθύσιν, ὥσπερ καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις ζῴοις, ἐπιδηλότατόν ἐστιν εὐθὺς καὶ φαίνεται μέγιστον.
And later, in a short time, the eyes of the fish are clear; for this in all fishes, just as in the other animals, is immediately most conspicuous and appears largest.
Ὅσων δ’ ἂν ᾠῶν ὁ θορὸς μὴ θίγῃ, καθάπερ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν θαλαττίων, ἀχρεῖον τὸ ᾠὸν τοῦτο καὶ ἄγονόν ἐστιν.
But of as many eggs as the milt does not touch, just as in the case of the marine ones, this egg is useless and infertile.
Ἀπὸ δὲ τῶν γονίμων ᾠῶν αὐξανομένων τῶν ἰχθυδίων ἀποκαθαίρεται οἷον κέλυφος· τοῦτο δ’ ἐστὶν ὑμὴν ὁ περιέχων τὸ ᾠὸν καὶ τὸ ἰχθύδιον.
And from the fertile eggs, as the little fishes grow, a kind of shell is cast off; and this is the membrane which encloses the egg and the little fish.
Ὅταν δὲ μιγῇ τῷ ᾠῷ ὁ θορός, σφόδρα γίνεται κολλῶδες τὸ συνεστηκὸς ἐξ αὐτῶν πρὸς ταῖς ῥίζαις ἢ ὅπου ἂν ἐκτέκωσιν.
And when the milt is mixed with the egg, the substance formed from them becomes extremely sticky, adhering to the roots or wherever they may spawn.
Οὗ δ’ ἂν πλεῖστον τέκωσιν, ᾠοφυλακεῖ ὁ ἄρρην, ἡ δὲ θήλεια ἀπέρχεται τεκοῦσα.
And where they lay most of their eggs, the male guards the eggs, while the female departs after spawning.
Ἔστι δὲ βραδυτάτη μὲν ἐκ τῶν ᾠῶν ἡ τῶν γλανίων αὔξησις, διὸ προσεδρεύει ὁ ἄρρην καὶ τετταράκοντα καὶ πεντήκοντα ἡμέρας, ὅπως μὴ κατεσθίηται ὁ γόνος ὑπὸ τῶν παρατυχόντων ἰχθυδίων· δευτέρα δὲ βραδυτῆτι ἡ τοῦ κυπρίνου γένεσις, ὅμως δὲ ταχέως καὶ τούτων ὁ σωζόμενος διαφεύγει γόνος.
And the growth of the glanis from the eggs is the slowest, wherefore the male stays by them for even forty or fifty days, so that the spawn may not be devoured by the small fishes that happen to pass by; and second in slowness is the generation of the carp, yet nevertheless the surviving spawn of these escapes quickly.
Τῶν δ’ ἐλαττόνων ἐνίων καὶ τριταίων ὄντων ἤδη ἰχθύδιά ἐστιν.
And in the case of some of the smaller ones, even on the third day they are already little fishes.
Λαμβάνει δ’ αὔξησιν τὰ ᾠά, ὧν ἂν ἐπιψαύσῃ ὁ· θορός, καὶ αὐθημερὸν καὶ ὕστερον ἔτι.
And the eggs which the milt touches receive growth both on the very day and still later.
Τὸ μὲν οὖν τοῦ γλάνιος γίνεται ὅσον ὄροβος, τὰ δὲ τῶν κυπρίνων καὶ τῶν τοιούτων ὅσον κέγχρος.
Now that of the glanis becomes as large as a vetch-seed, but those of the carps and the like as large as a millet-seed.
Ταῦτα μὲν οὖν τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον τίκτει καὶ γεννᾷ, χαλκὶς δὲ τίκτει ἐν τοῖς βαθέσιν ἀθρόα καὶ ἀγελαῖα, ὃν δὲ καλοῦσι τίλωνα, πρὸς τοῖς αἰγιαλοῖς ἐν ὑπηνέμοις· ἀγελαῖος δὲ καὶ οὗτος.
These, then, spawn and generate in this manner, but the chalcis spawns in deep waters in large numbers and in shoals, and the one they call tilon near the shores in sheltered places; and this one is also a shoaling fish.
Κυπρῖνος δὲ καὶ βάλερος καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι πάντες ὡς εἰπεῖν ὠθοῦνται μὲν εἰς τὰ βραχέα πρὸς τὸν τόκον, μιᾷ δὲ θηλείᾳ πολλάκις ἀκολουθοῦσιν ἄρρενες καὶ τρισκαίδεκα καὶ τεσσαρεσκαίδεκα· τῆς θηλείας δ’ ἀφιείσης τὸ ᾠὸν καὶ ὑποχωρούσης ἐπακολουθοῦντες ἐπιρραίνουσι τὸν θορόν.
And the carp and the baleros and almost all the others press into the shallow waters for spawning, and often thirteen or fourteen males follow a single female; and when the female releases her egg and retreats, they follow close behind and sprinkle their milt.
Ἀπόλλυται δὲ τὰ πλεῖστ’ αὐτῶν· διά τε γὰρ τὸ ὑποχωροῦσαν τίκτειν τὴν θήλειαν σκεδάννυται τὸ ᾠόν, ὅ τι ἂν ὑπὸ ῥεύματος ληφθῇ καὶ μὴ προσπέσῃ πρὸς ὕλην· καὶ γὰρ οὐδ’ ᾠοφυλακεῖ τῶν ἄλλων ἔξω γλάνιος οὐθείς, πλὴν ἐὰν ἀθρόῳ γόνῳ ἑαυτοῦ περιτύχῃ ὁ κυπρῖνος· τοῦτον δέ φασιν ᾠοφυλακεῖν.
But most of them are lost; for because the female spawns while retreating, the egg is scattered, whatever is caught by the current and does not fall against some material; for indeed none of the others guards the eggs except the glanis, unless the carp happens upon a concentrated mass of its own spawn; and they say that this one guards them.
Θορὸν δὲ πάντες ἔχουσιν οἱ ἄρρενες πλὴν ἐγχέλυος· αὕτη δ’ οὐδέτερον οὔτ’ ᾠὸν οὔτε θορόν.
And all the males have milt except the eel; and this has neither egg nor milt.
Οἱ μὲν οὖν κεστρεῖς ἐκ τῆς θαλάττης ἀναβαίνουσιν εἴς τε τὰς λίμνας καὶ τοὺς ποταμούς, αἱ δ’ ἐγχέλυς τοὐναντίον ἐκ τούτων εἰς τὴν θάλατταν.
Now the mullets go up from the sea into both the lakes and the rivers, but the eels, on the contrary, go from these into the sea.