§5.18Τὰ δὲ μαλάκια ἐκ τοῦ συνδυασμοῦ καὶ τῆς ὀχείας ᾠὸν ἴσχει λευκόν· τοῦτο δὲ γίνεται τῷ χρόνῳ, ὥσπερ τὰ τῶν σκληροδέρμων, ψαθυρόν.
The molluscs, after copulation and mating, produce a white egg, and this in course of time becomes easily crumbled, just like those of the crustaceans.
Καὶ ἀποτίκτει ὁ μὲν πολύπους εἰς τὰς θαλάμας ἢ εἰς κεράμιον ἤ τι ἄλλο κοῖλον ὅμοιον βοστρυχίοις οἰνάνθης καὶ λεύκης καρπῷ, καθάπερ εἴρηται πρότερον.
And the octopus spawns, as has been said before, into its holes or into an earthen jar or some other similar cavity, [eggs] resembling the tendrils of the wild vine and the fruit of the white poplar.
Ἐκκρεμάννυνται δὲ περὶ τὴν θαλάμην τὰ ᾠά, ὅταν ἐκτέκῃ.
And the eggs hang suspended around the hole when she has spawned them.
Τὸ δὲ πλῆθος ἔχει τοσαῦτα ᾠὰ ὥστ’ ἐξαιρεθέντων ἐμπίπλαται ἀγγεῖον πολλῷ μεῖζον τῆς κεφαλῆς, ἐν ᾗ ἔχει τὰ ᾠά.
In quantity, she has so many eggs that, when they are removed, they fill a vessel much larger than the head in which she held them.
Τὰ μὲν οὖν τῶν πολυπόδων μεθ’ ἡμέρας μάλιστα πεντήκοντα γίνεται ἐκ τῶν ἀπορραγέντων πολυπόδια, καὶ ἐξέρπει, ὥσπερ τὰ φαλάγγια, πολλὰ τὸ πλῆθος· ὧν ἡ μὲν καθ’ ἕκαστα φύσις τῶν μελῶν οὔπω διάδηλος, ἡ δ’ ὅλη μορφὴ φανερά.
Now, from the eggs of the octopuses, after about fifty days, little octopuses are formed from the bursting shells, and they crawl out in great numbers, like spiders; of these, the individual nature of the limbs is not yet distinct, but the general form is evident.
Διὰ δὲ τὴν μικρότητα καὶ τὴν ἀσθένειαν φθείρεται τὸ πλῆθος αὐτῶν.
But because of their smallness and weakness, the majority of them perish.
Ἤδη δ’ ὦπται καὶ οὕτω πάμπαν μικρὰ ὥστ’ ἀδιάρθρωτα μὲν εἶναι, ἁπτομένων δὲ κινεῖσθαι.
Some have already been seen so very small that they are unarticulated, yet when touched they move.
Αἱ δὲ σηπίαι ἀποτίκτουσι, καὶ γίνεται ὅμοια μύρτοις μεγάλοις καὶ μέλασιν· καὶ ἀλλήλων ἐχόμενά ἐστιν, οἷον βότρυς τὸ πᾶν, περιπεπλεγμένα ἑνί τινι, καὶ οὐκ εὐαπόσπαστα ἀλλήλων.
And the cuttlefishes spawn, and their eggs become like large, black myrtle-berries; and they adhere to one another, the whole being like a cluster of grapes, wrapped around some single object, and they are not easily separated from one another.
Ἐπαφίησι γὰρ ὁ ἄρρην ὑγρότητά τινα μυξώδη· ὃ τὴν γλισχρότητα παρέχει.
For the male discharges a certain mucus-like fluid, which provides the stickiness.
Καὶ αὐξάνεται δὲ ταύτῃ τὰ ᾠά, καὶ εὐθὺς μέν ἐστι λευκά, ὅταν δ’ ἀφῇ τὸν θολόν, καὶ μείζω καὶ μέλανα.
And the eggs grow by means of this, and at first indeed they are white, but when the female has discharged her ink, they become both larger and black.
Ὅταν δὲ σηπίδιον γένηται, ὅλον ἐκ τοῦ λευκοῦ γενόμενον ἔσω, τούτου περιρραγέντος ἐξέρχεται.
And when the little cuttlefish is formed, being generated entirely inside from the white substance, it comes out when this envelope bursts around it.
Γίνεται δ’ ἂν τὸ πρῶτον ἀπορράνῃ ἡ θήλεια, οἷον χάλαζα· ἐκ γὰρ τούτου τὸ σηπίδιον φύεται ἐπὶ κεφαλήν, ὥσπερ οἱ ὄρνιθες κατὰ τὴν κοιλίαν προσηρτημένοι.
And what the female first drops is like hail; for from this the little cuttlefish grows from the head, just as birds are attached by the belly.
Ποία δέ τίς ἐστιν ἡ πρόσφυσις ἡ ὀμφαλώδης, οὔπω ὦπται, πλὴν ὅτι αὐξανομένου τοῦ σηπιδίου ἀεὶ ἔλαττον γίνεται τὸ λευκόν, καὶ τέλος, ὥσπερ τὸ ὠχρὸν τοῖς ὄρνισι, τούτοις τὸ λευκὸν ἀφανίζεται.
What sort of umbilical attachment it is has not yet been observed, except that as the little cuttlefish grows, the white substance always becomes smaller, and finally, just like the yolk in birds, the white substance disappears in these.
Μέγιστοι δὲ φαίνονται πρῶτον, ὥσπερ καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις, καὶ ἐν τούτοις οἱ ὀφθαλμοί.
And at first, as in other animals, so also in these, the eyes appear largest.
Ὠιὸν ἐφ’ οὖ τὸ Α, ὀφθαλμοὶ ἐφ’ ὧν τὸ ΒΓ, τὸ σηπίδιον αὐτὸ ἐφ’ οὖ Δ. Κύει δὲ τοῦ ἔαρος, ἀποτίκτει δ’ ἐν ἡμέραις πεντεκαίδεκα·
The egg is at A, the eyes at B and C, and the little cuttlefish itself at D.
ὅταν δ’ ἀποτέκῃ τὰ ᾠά, γίνεται ἐν ἄλλαις πεντεκαίδεκα ἡμέραις οἷον ῥάγες βότρυος, ὧν περιρραγέντων ἐκδύεται ἔσωθεν τὰ σηπίδια.
She is pregnant in spring, and spawns in fifteen days; and when she has spawned the eggs, in another fifteen days they become like the berries of a grape-cluster, and when these burst, the little cuttlefishes emerge from within.
Ἐὰν δέ τις περισχίσῃ πρότερον ἤδη τετελειωμένων, προΐενται κόπρον τὰ σηπίδια, καὶ τὸ χρῶμα μετβάλλει ἐρυθρότερον γινόμενον ἐκ λευκοῦ διὰ τὸν φόβον.
And if anyone cuts open the coat earlier, when they are already fully formed, the little cuttlefishes discharge their ink, and their color changes, becoming redder from white due to fear.
Τὰ μὲν οὖν μαλακόστρακα αὐτὰ ὑφ’ αὑτὰ θέμενα τὰ ᾠὰ ἐπῳάζει, ὁ δὲ πολύπους καὶ ἡ σηπία καὶ τἆλλα τὰ τοιαῦτα ἐκτεκόντα, οὗ ἂν τὰ κυήματα αὐτῶν ᾖ, μάλιστα μὲν ἡ σηπία· πολλάκις γὰρ ὑπερφαίνεται πρὸς τῇ γῇ τὸ κύτος αὐτῆς.
Now, while the crustaceans brood over their eggs by keeping them under themselves, the octopus, the cuttlefish, and other such animals remain where they have spawned, wherever their embryos may be, and especially the cuttlefish; for often her body is seen floating near the bottom.
Ὁ δὲ πολύπους ὁ θῆλυς ὁτὲ μὲν ἐπὶ τοῖς ᾠοῖς ὁτὲ δ’ ἐπὶ τῷ στόματι προκάθηται τῆς θαλάμης, τὴν πλεκτάνην ἐπέχων.
And the female octopus sits sometimes upon her eggs, and sometimes at the mouth of her hole, holding out her tentacle.
Ἡ δὲ σηπία πρὸς τὴν γῆν ἐκτίκτει περὶ τὰ φυκία καὶ τὰ καλαμώδη, κἄν τι ᾖ τοιοῦτον ἐκβεβλημένον, οἷον ὕλη, κλήματα ἢ λίθοι· καὶ οἱ ἁλιεῖς δὲ κληματίδας τιθέασιν ἐπίτηδες· καὶ πρὸς ταῦτα ἐκτίκτει μακρὸν καὶ συνεχὲς ἐκ τῶν ᾠῶν, οἷον τὸ τῶν βοστρύχων.
The cuttlefish spawns near the bottom, around seaweeds and reed-like plants, and if any such thing has been cast up, like brushwood, twigs, or stones; and fishermen also place bundles of twigs on purpose, and against these she spawns a long and continuous string of eggs, like a cluster of tendrils.
Ἀποτίκτει δὲ καὶ ἀπορραίνει ἐξ ἀναγωγῆς, ὡς μετὰ πόνου γινομένης τῆς προέσεως.
She spawns and sheds them with her body bent backward, as though the discharge were taking place with pain.
Αἱ δὲ τευθίδες πελάγιαι ἀποτίκτουσιν· τὸ δ’ ᾠόν, ὥσπερ ἡ σηπία, ἀποτίκτει συνεχές.
And the calamaries spawn in the open sea; and they spawn their egg as a continuous mass, just like the cuttlefish.
Ἔστι δὲ καὶ ὁ τεῦθος καὶ ἡ σηπία βραχύβιον· οὐ γὰρ διετίζουσιν, εἰ μή τινες ὀλίγαι αὐτῶν· ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ οἱ πολύποδες.
Both the large squid and the cuttlefish are short-lived; for they do not live through two years, except for some few of them; and likewise also the octopuses.
Γίνεται δ’ ἐξ ἑνὸς ᾠοῦ ἓν σηπίδιον· ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν τευθίδων ἔχει.
And from one egg one little cuttlefish is formed; and the same is the case with the calamaries.
Διαφέρει δ’ ἡ ἄρρην τευθὶς τῆς θηλείας· ἔχει γὰρ ἡ θήλεια, ἐάν τις διαστείλας θεωρήσῃ τὴν κόμην εἴσω, ἐρυθρὰ δύο οἷον μαστούς, ὁ δ’ ἄρρην οὐκ ἔχει.
And the male calamary differs from the female; for if one parts the tentacles and looks inside, the female has two red breast-like organs, but the male does not have them.
Ἡ δὲ σηπία τοῦτό τ’ ἔχει διάφορον, καὶ ὅτι ποικιλώτερός ἐστιν ὁ ἄρρην τῆς θηλείας, καθάπερ εἴρηται πρότερον.
And the cuttlefish has this same difference, and also that the male is more variegated than the female, as has been said before.