§5.15#1Περὶ δὲ τῆς γενέσεως καὶ τῶν ὀχευομένων καὶ τῶν ἀνοχεύτων λεκτέον, καὶ πρῶτον περὶ τῶν ὀστρακοδέρμων· τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ἀνόχευτον μόνον ὡς εἰπεῖν ὅλον τὸ γένος.
We must speak concerning the generation both of those that copulate and of those that do not copulate, and first concerning the testaceans; for this whole genus, so to say, is alone without copulation.
Αἱ μὲν οὖν πορφύραι τοῦ ἔαρος συναθροιζόμεναι εἰς ταὐτὸ ποιοῦσι τὴν καλουμένην μελίκηραν.
Now the purple-fish, assembling together into the same place in the spring, make what is called the honey-comb (melicera).
Τοῦτο δ’ ἐστὶν οἶον κηρίον, πλὴν οὐχ οὕτω γλαφυρόν, ἀλλ’ ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ ἐκ λεπυρίων ἐρεβίνθων λευκῶν πολλὰ συμπαγείη.
And this is like a honey-comb, except that it is not so hollowed out, but is as if many white chickpea pods were compacted together.
Οὐκ ἔχει δ’ ἀνεῳγμένον πόρον οὐθὲν τούτων, οὐδὲ γίνονται ἐκ τούτων αἱ πορφύραι, ἀλλὰ φύονται καὶ αὗται καὶ τἆλλα τὰ ὀστρακόδερμα ἐξ ἰλύος καὶ συσσήψεως.
And none of these has an open passage, nor do purple-fish arise from them, but both these and the other testaceans grow from mud and putrefaction.
Τοῦτο δὲ συμβαίνει ὥσπερ ἀποκάθαρμα καὶ ταύταις καὶ τοῖς κήρυξιν· κηριάζουσι γὰρ καὶ οἱ κήρυκες.
And this occurs as a sort of excretion both for these and for the whelks; for the whelks also make honey-combs.
Γίνονται μὲν οὖν καὶ τὰ κηριάζοντα τῶν ὀστρακοδέρμων τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον τοῖς ἄλλοις ὀστρακοδέρμοις, οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον ὅταν προϋπάρχῃ τὰ ὁμοιογενῆ.
Now indeed, even those testaceans that make honey-combs arise in the same manner as the other testaceans, nevertheless, more so when individuals of the same kind already pre-exist.
Ἀφιᾶσι γὰρ ἀρχόμενα κηριάζειν γλισχρότητα μυξώδη, ἐξ ἧς τὰ λεπυριώδη συνίσταται.
For when they begin to make honey-combs, they discharge a slimy mucous substance, from which the pod-like structures are formed.
Ταῦτα μὲν οὖν ἅπαντα διαχεῖται, ἀφίησι δ’ ὃ εἶχεν εἰς τὴν γῆν· καὶ ἐν τούτῳ τῷ τόπῳ γίνεται ἐν τῇ γῇ συστάντα πορφύρια μικρά, ἃ ἔχουσαι ἁλίσκονται αἱ πορφύραι ἐπ’ αὐτῶν, ἔνια δ’ οὔπω διηκριβωμένα τὴν μορφήν.
Now all these things dissolve, and it discharges what it contained into the ground; and in this place, tiny purple-fish are formed by condensing in the ground, and the purple-fish are caught with these on them, some of them not yet distinct in shape.
Ἐὰν δὲ πρὶν ἐκτεκεῖν ἁλῶσιν, ἐνίοτε ἐν ταῖς φορμίσιν οὐχ ὅπου ἔτυχον ἐκτίκτουσιν, ἀλλ’ εἰς ταὐτὸ ἰοῦσαι, ὥσπερ καὶ ἐν τῇ θαλάττῃ, καὶ διὰ τὴν στενοχωρίαν γίνονται οἱονεὶ βότρυς.
And if they are caught before they bring them forth, they sometimes spawn in the baskets, not just anywhere, but coming together into the same place, just as in the sea, and because of the narrowness of space they become like bunches of grapes.
Εἰσὶ δὲ τῶν πορφυρῶν γένη πλείω, καὶ ἔνιαι μὲν μεγάλαι, οἷον αἱ περὶ τὸ Σίγειον καὶ Λεκτόν, αἱ δὲ μικραί, οἷον ἐν τῷ Εὐρίπῳ καὶ περὶ τὴν Καρίαν, καὶ αἱ μὲν ἐν τοῖς κόλποις μεγάλαι καὶ τραχεῖαι, καὶ τὸ ἄνθος αὐτῶν αἱ μὲν πλεῖσται μέλαν ἔχουσιν, ἔνιαι δ’ ἐρυθρὸν καὶ μικρόν· γίνονται δ’ ἔνιαι τῶν μεγάλων καὶ μναῖαι· αἱ δ’ ἐν τοῖς αἰγιαλοῖς καὶ περὶ τὰς ἀκτὰς τὸ μὲν μέγεθος γίνονται μικραί, τὸ δ’ ἄνθος ἐρυθρὸν ἔχουσιν.
There are several kinds of purple-fish, and some are large, such as those around Sigeum and Lectum, while others are small, such as those in the Euripus and around Caria; and those in the gulfs are large and rough, and most of them have their dye black, but some have it red and small; and some of the large ones even grow to a mina in weight; whereas those on the sandy shores and around the coasts are small in size, and have their dye red.
Ἔτι δ’ ἐν μὲν τοῖς προσβορείοις μέλαιναι, ἐν δὲ τοῖς νοτίοις ἐρυθραὶ ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πλεῖστον εἰπεῖν.
Moreover, in northerly places they are black, and in southerly places red, to speak for the most part.
Ἁλίσκονται δὲ τοῦ ἔαρος, ὅταν κηριάζωσιν· ὑπὸ κύνα δ’ οὐχ ἁλίσκονται· οὐ γὰρ νέμονται, ἀλλὰ κρύπτουσιν ἑαυτὰς καὶ φωλεύουσιν.
And they are caught in the spring, when they make honey-combs; but under the Dog-star they are not caught; for they do not feed, but hide themselves and hibernate.
Τὸ δ’ ἄνθος ἔχουσιν ἀνὰ μέσον τῆς μήκωνος καὶ τοῦ τραχήλου· τούτων δ’ ἐστὶν ἡ σύμφυσις πυκνή, τὸ δὲ χρῶμα ἰδεῖν ὥσπερ ὑμὴν λευκός, ὃν ἀφαιροῦσιν· θλιβόμενος δὲ βάπτει καὶ ἀνθίζει τὴν χεῖρα.
And they have the dye between the poppy-like part and the neck; and the junction of these is tight, and the color to look at is like a white membrane, which they remove; and when squeezed, it dyes and colors the hand.
Διατείνει δ’ αὐτὴν οἷον φλέψ· τοῦτο δὲ δοκεῖ εἶναι τὸ ἄνθος.
And a sort of vein extends through it; and this is thought to be the dye.
Ἡ δ’ ἄλλη φύσις οἷον στυπτηρία.
But the rest of its substance is like alum.
Ὅταν δὲ κηριάζωσιν αἱ πορφύραι, τότε χείριστον ἔχουσι τὸ ἄνθος.
But when the purple-fish make honey-combs, they have the dye at its worst.
Τὰς μὲν οὖν μικρὰς μετὰ τῶν ὀστράκων κόπτουσιν· οὐ γὰρ ῥᾴδιον ἀφελεῖν· τῶν δὲ μειζόνων περιελόντες τὸ ὄστρακον ἀφαιροῦσι τὸ ἄνθος.
Therefore, they crush the small ones together with their shells; for it is not easy to remove them; but from the larger ones, having stripped off the shell, they remove the dye.
Διὸ καὶ χωρίζεται ὁ τράχηλος καὶ ἡ μήκων· μεταξὺ γὰρ τούτων τὸ ἄνθος, ἐπάνω τῆς καλουμένης κοιλίας· ἀφαιρεθέντος οὖν ἀνάγκη διῃρῆσθαι.
And for this reason, the neck and the poppy-like part are separated; for the dye is between these, above the so-called belly; therefore, when it is removed, they must be divided.
Σπουδάζουσι δὲ ζώσας κόπτειν· ἐὰν γὰρ πρότερον ἀποθάνῃ, συνεξεμεῖ τὸ ἄνθος· διὸ καὶ φυλάττουσιν ἐν τοῖς κύρτοις, ἕως ἂν ἀθροίσωσι καὶ σχολάσωσιν.
And they are anxious to crush them alive; for if they die beforehand, they spit out the dye at the same time; for which reason they keep them in weels until they have collected them and have leisure.
Οἱ μὲν οὖν ἀρχαῖοι πρὸς τοῖς δελέασιν οὐ καθίεσαν οὐδὲ προσῆπτον τοὺς κύρτους, ὥστε συνέβαινεν ἀνεσπασμένην ἤδη πολλάκις ἀποπίπτειν· οἱ δὲ νῦν προσάπτουσιν, ὅπως ἐὰν ἀποπέσῃ, μὴ ἀπολλύηται.
Now the ancients did not let down or attach the weels close to the baits, so that it happened that they often fell off when already being drawn up; but people now attach them, so that if they fall off, they may not be lost.
Μάλιστα δ’ ἀποπίπτει, ἐὰν πλήρης ᾖ· κενῆς δ’ οὔσης καὶ ἀποσπάσαι χαλεπόν.
And they fall off especially if they are full; but when they are empty, it is even difficult to pull them off.
Ταῦτα μὲν οὖν τὰ συμβαίνοντα ἴδια περὶ τὰς πορφύρας ἐστίν.
These, then, are the peculiar occurrences concerning the purple-fish.
Τὸν αὐτὸν δὲ τρόπον γίνονται ταῖς πορφύραις καὶ οἱ κήρυκες, καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ὥραν.
And the whelks also arise in the same manner as the purple-fish, and at the same season.