§4.4#3Ἡ δὲ τοῦ περιττώματος ἔξοδος τοῖς μὲν ἄλλοις ἐστὶν ἐκ πλαγίου· ἔστι γὰρ πόρος ᾗ πορεύεται ἔξω· ἡ γὰρ μήκων ὥσπερ εἴρηται, περίττωμά ἐστι πᾶσιν ἐν ὑμένι.
The outlet of the residue in the others is from the side; for there is a duct by which it goes out; for the mecon, as has been said, is residue in a membrane in all of them.
Τὸ δὲ καλούμενον ᾠὸν οὐκ ἔχει πόρον ἐν οὐθενί, ἀλλ’ αὐτῆς τῆς σαρκὸς ἐπανοιδεῖ· ἔστι δ’ οὐκ ἐπὶ ταὐτὸν τῷ ἐντέρῳ, ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν ᾠὸν ἐν τοῖς δεξιοῖς, τὸ δ’ ἔντερον ἐν τοῖς ἀριστεροῖς.
But the so-called egg has no duct in any of them, but is a swelling of the flesh itself; and it is not in the same place as the intestine, but the egg is on the right side, and the intestine on the left.
Τοῖς μὲν οὖν ἄλλοις τοιαύτη ἡ ἔξοδος τῆς περιττώσεως, τῇ δ’ ἀγρίᾳ λεπάδι, ἥν τινες καλοῦσι θαλάττιον οὖς, ὑποκάτω τοῦ ὀστράκου ἡ περίττωσις ἐξέρχεται· τετρύπηται γὰρ τὸ ὄστρακον.
Now, in the others, such is the outlet of the residue, but in the wild limpet, which some call the sea-ear, the residue comes out below the shell; for the shell is perforated.
Φανερὰ δὲ καὶ ἡ κοιλία μετὰ τὸ στόμα οὖσα ἐν ταύτῃ καὶ τὰ ᾠοειδῆ.
And the stomach, being after the mouth, is also clear in this, as well as the egg-like parts.
Πάντα δὲ ταῦτα τίνα τρόπον τῇ θέσει ἔχει, ἐκ τῶν ἀνατομῶν θεωρείσθω.
In what manner all these are situated in their position, let it be observed from the dissections.
Τὸ δὲ καλούμενον καρκίνιον τρόπον τινὰ κοινόν ἐστι τῶν τε μαλακοστράκων καὶ τῶν ὀστρακοδέρμων.
And the so-called hermit crab is in a way common both to the malacostracans and to the testaceans.
Αὐτὸ μὲν γὰρ τὴν φύσιν ὅμοιον τοῖς καραβοειδέσι, καὶ γίνεται αὐτὸ καθ’ αὑτό, τῷ δ’ εἰσδύεσθαι καὶ ζῆν ἐν ὀστράκῳ ὅμοιον τοῖς ὀστρακοδέρμοις, ὥστε διὰ ταῦτα ἔοικεν ἐπαμφοτερίζειν.
For in its nature it is similar to the spiny lobsters, and it is generated by itself, but in entering and living in a shell it is similar to the testaceans, so that for these reasons it seems to partake of both.
Τὴν δὲ μορφὴν ὡς μὲν ἁπλῶς εἰπεῖν ὅμοιόν ἐστι τοῖς ἀράχναις, πλὴν τὸ κάτω τῆς κεφαλῆς καὶ τοῦ θώρακος μεῖζον ἔχει ἐκείνου.
In its form, to speak simply, it is similar to spiders, except that it has the part below the head and thorax larger than that.
Ἔχει δὲ κεράτια δύο λεπτὰ πυρρά, καὶ ὀφθαλμοὺς ὑποκάτω τούτων δύο μακρούς, οὐκ εἰσδυομένους οὐδὲ κατακλινομένους ὥσπερ οἱ τῶν καρκίνων ἀλλ’ ὀρθούς, ὑποκάτω δὲ τούτων τὸ στόμα καὶ περὶ αὐτὸ καθαπερεὶ τριχώδη ἄττα πλείω, τούτων δ’ ἐχομένους δύο πόδας δικρόους, οἷς προσάγεται, καὶ ἄλλους ἐφ’ ἑκάτερα δύο, καὶ τρίτον μικρόν.
And it has two thin, reddish tentacles, and below these two long eyes, not retracting nor lying down like those of crabs, but erect, and below these the mouth, and around it several hair-like parts, and following these, two bifurcated feet, with which it draws itself, and two others on each side, and a third small one.
Τὸ δὲ κάτω τοῦ θώρακος μαλακὸν ἅπαν ἐστὶ καὶ διοιγόμενον ὠχρὸν ἔνδοθεν.
The part below the thorax is entirely soft, and when opened is yellowish inside.
ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ στόματος πόρος εἷς ἄχρι τῆς κοιλίας· τῆς δὲ περιττώσεως οὐ δῆλος ὁ πόρος.
From the mouth, there is a single duct up to the stomach; but the duct of the residue is not clear.
Οἱ δὲ πόδες καὶ ὁ θώραξ σκληρὰ μέν, ἧττον δ’ ἢ τῶν καρκίνων.
The feet and the thorax are hard, but less so than those of crabs.
Πρόσφυσιν δ’ οὐκ ἔχει πρὸς τὰ ὄστρακα ὥσπερ αἱ πορφύραι καὶ οἱ κήρυκες, ἀλλ’ εὐαπόλυτόν ἐστιν.
And it has no attachment to the shells like the purple-fish and the trumpets, but is easily detached.
Προμηκέστερα δ’ ἐστὶ τὰ ἐν τοῖς στρόμβοις τῶν ἐν τοῖς νηρείταις.
And those in the whorled shells are longer than those in the nerites.
Ἕτερον δὲ γένος ἐστὶ τὸ τῶν νηρειτῶν, τὰ μὲν ἄλλα παραπλήσιον, τῶν δὲ δικρόων ποδῶν τὸν μὲν δεξιὸν ἔχει μικρὸν τὸν δ’ ἀριστερὸν μέγαν, καὶ ποιεῖται τὴν βάδισιν μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τούτῳ.
And the kind of the nerites is another genus, in other respects similar, but of the bifurcated feet it has the right one small and the left one large, and it makes its progress rather on this.
Λαμβάνεται δὲ καὶ ἐν ταῖς κόγχαις τοιοῦτον, ὧν ἐστὶν ἡ πρόσφυσις παραπλησία, καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις.
Such a thing is also taken in bivalves, of which the attachment is similar, and in the others.
Τοῦτον δὲ καλοῦσι κύλλαρον.
And they call this kyllaros.
Ὁ δὲ νηρείτης τὸ μὲν ὄστρακον ἔχει λεῖον καὶ μέγα καὶ στρογγύλον, τὴν δὲ μορφὴν παραπλησίαν τοῖς κήρυξι, πλὴν οὐχ ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνοι τὴν μήκωνα μέλαιναν ἀλλ’ ἐρυθράν· προσπέφυκε δὲ νεανικῶς κατὰ τὸ μέσον.
But the nerite has its shell smooth, large, and round, and its form similar to the trumpets, except that it has the mecon not black like those, but red; and it is strongly attached at the middle.
Ἐν μὲν οὖν ταῖς εὐδίαις ἀπολυόμενα νέμεται ταῦτα, πνευμάτων δ’ ὄντων τὰ μὲν καρκίνια ἡσυχάζει πρὸς τοῖς λίθοις, οἱ δὲ νηρεῖται προσέχονται καθάπερ αἱ λεπάδες· ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ αἱ αἱμορροΐδες καὶ πᾶν τὸ τοιοῦτον γένος.
In calm weather, then, these detach themselves and feed, but when there are winds, the hermit crabs remain quiet near the stones, and the nerites cling like limpets; and likewise the haimorrhois and all such kind.
Προσφύονται δὲ ταῖς πέτραις, ὅταν ἀποκλίνωσι τὸ ἐπικάλυμμα· τοῦτο γὰρ ἔοικεν εἶναι ὥσπερ πῶμα· ὃ γὰρ τοῖς διθύροις ἄμφω, τοῦτο τοῖς στρομβώδεσι τὸ ἕτερον μέρος.
And they cling to the rocks when they close their covering; for this seems to be like a lid; for what both shells are to the bivalves, this other part is to the turbinated ones.
Τὸ δ’ ἐντὸς σαρκῶδές ἐστι, καὶ ἐν τούτῳ τὸ στόμα.
And the inside is fleshy, and in this is the mouth.
Τὸν αὐτὸν δὲ τρόπον ἔχει ταῖς αἱμορροΐσι καὶ ταῖς πορφύραις καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς τοιούτοις.
And it is in the same manner with the haimorrhois and the purple-fish and all such.
Ὅσα δ’ ἔχει μείζω τὸν ἀριστερὸν πόδα, ταῦτα ἐν μὲν τοῖς στρόμβοις οὐκ ἐγγίνεται, ἐν δὲ τοῖς νηρείταις ἐγγίνεται.
And those which have the left foot larger do not arise in the whorled shells, but they arise in the nerites.
Εἰσὶ δέ τινες κόχλοι οἳ ἔχουσιν ἐν αὑτοῖς ὅμοια ζῷα τοῖς ἀστακοῖς τοῖς μικροῖς, οἳ γίνονται καὶ ἐν τοῖς ποταμοῖς· διαφέρουσι δ’ αὐτῶν τῷ μαλακὸν ἔχειν τὸ ἔσω τοῦ ὀστράκου.
And there are some snails which have within themselves animals similar to the small lobsters that also arise in rivers; and they differ from them in having the part inside the shell soft.
Τὴν δ’ ἰδέαν οἷοί εἰσιν, ἐκ τῶν ἀνατομῶν θεωρείσθωσαν.
In what form they are, let them be observed from the dissections.