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Aristotle · History of Animals §2.14

Serpents, Sea-Centipedes, and External Parts Summary

Passage 25 of 189 · Greek

Summary

Explains the characteristics and habitats of snakes, sea snakes, and marine centipedes among blooded animals, mentions the popular beliefs about the echeneis (remora), and concludes the discussion on the external parts of blooded animals.

§2.14Λοιπὸν δὲ τῶν ἐναίμων ζῴων τὸ τῶν ὄφεων γένος.
Remaining, of the blooded animals, is the class of snakes.
Ἔστι δὲ κοινὸν ἀμφοῖν· τὸ μὲν γὰρ πλεῖστον αὐτῶν χερσαῖόν ἐστιν, ὀλίγον δὲ τὸ τῶν ἐνύδρων ἐν τοῖς ποτίμοις ὕδασι διατελεῖ.
It is common to both [environments]: for the greatest part of them is terrestrial, but a small part, that of the aquatic ones, lives in fresh water.
Εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ θαλάττιοι ὄφεις, παραπλήσιοι τὴν μορφὴν τοῖς χερσαίοις τἆλλα· πλὴν τὴν κεφαλὴν ἔχουσι γογγροειδεστέραν.
There are also sea snakes, similar in form to the terrestrial ones in other respects, except that they have a head more like a conger eel's.
Γένη δὲ πολλὰ τῶν θαλαττίων ὄφεών ἐστι, καὶ χρόαν ἔχουσι παντοδαπήν· οὐ γίγνονται δ’ οὗτοι ἐν τοῖς σφόδρα βαθέσιν.
There are many genera of sea snakes, and they have all kinds of colors; but they do not occur in very deep waters.
Ἄποδες δ’ εἰσὶν οἱ ὄφεις ὥσπερ τὸ τῶν ἰχθύων γένος.
Snakes are footless, just like the class of fishes.
Εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ σκολόπενδραι θαλάττιαι, παραπλήσιαι τὸ εἶδος ταῖς χερσαίαις, τὸ δὲ μέγεθος μικρῷ ἐλάττους· γίγνονται δὲ περὶ τοὺς πετρὤδεις τόπους.
There are also marine centipedes, similar in appearance to the terrestrial ones, but slightly smaller in size; they occur around rocky places.
Τὴν δὲ χροιάν εἰσιν ἐρυθρότεραι καὶ πολύποδες μᾶλλον καὶ λεπτοσκελέστεραι τῶν χερσαίων.
And they are redder in color, more multi-legged, and with more slender legs than the terrestrial ones.
Οὐ γίγνονται δ’ οὐδ’ αὐταί, ὥσπερ οὐδ’ οἱ ὄφεις, ἐν τοῖς βαθέσι σφόδρα.
They too do not occur, just like the snakes, in very deep waters.
Ἔστι δ’ ἰχθύδιόν τι τῶν πετραίων, ὃ καλοῦσί τινες ἐχενηΐδα, καὶ χρῶνταί τινες αὐτῷ πρὸς δίκας καὶ φίλτρα· ἔστι δὲ ἄβρωτον·
And there is a certain small fish among the rocky-shore ones, which some call echeneis, and some use it for lawsuits and love-potions; it is inedible.
τοῦτο δ’ ἔνιοί φασιν ἔχειν πόδας οὐκ ἔχον, ἀλλὰ φαίνεται διὰ τὸ τὰς πτέρυγας ὁμοίας ἔχειν ποσίν.
Some say that this has feet, though it does not, but it appears so because it has fins similar to feet.
Τὰ μὲν οὖν ἔξω μόρια, καὶ πόσα καὶ ποῖα τῶν ἐναίμων ζῴων, καὶ τίνας ἔχει πρὸς ἄλληλα διαφοράς, εἴρηται.
Thus, the external parts, both how many and of what kind they are in blooded animals, and what differences they have with respect to one another, have been spoken of.

Notes

  1. §2.14ἀμφοῖν — Genitive or dative dual governed by the adjective `κοινόν` (common). In this context, it refers to "both" terrestrial (`χερσαῖον`) and aquatic (`ἔνυδρον`) lifestyles.
  2. §2.14τὴν μορφὴν — Accusative of respect (accusative of specification) meaning "in form," modifying the adjective `παραπλήσιοι` (similar).
  3. §2.14διὰ τὸ τὰς πτέρυγας ὁμοίας ἔχειν ποσίν — Adverbial phrase of cause consisting of the preposition `διά` with the articular infinitive `τό ... ἔχειν`. `τὰς πτέρυγας` is the direct object of the infinitive `ἔχειν`, and `ὁμοίας` is in predicate agreement with it as an object complement. `ποσίν` is the dative governed by `ὁμοίας` ("similar to feet").

Cite this passage

Aristotle, History of Animals §2.14. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg014.humanitext-grc1:2.14

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