§3.5#15 Ἐπεὶ δʼ ἀνάγκη πεπεράνθαι τὰ στοιχεῖα, λοιπὸν σκέψασθαι πότερον πλείω ἔσται ἢ ἕν.
5 Since the elements must be finite, it remains to consider whether they are more than one or only one.
ἔνιοι γὰρ ἓν μόνον ὑποτίθενται, καὶ τοῦτο οἱ μὲν ὕδωρ, οἱ δʼ ἀέρα, οἱ δὲ πῦρ, οἱ δʼ ὕδατος μὲν λεπτότερον ἀέρος δὲ πυκνότερον, ὃ περιέχειν φασὶ πάντας τοὺς οὐρανοὺς ἄπειρον ὄν.
For some assume only one, and of these some make it water, some air, some fire, and others a thing finer than water but denser than air, which they say, being infinite, surrounds all the heavens.
ὅσοι μὲν οὖν τὸ ἓν τοῦτο ποιοῦσιν ὕδωρ ἢ ἀέρα ἢ ὕδατος μὲν λεπτότερον ἀέρος δὲ πυκνότερον, εἶτ᾿ ἐκ τούτου πυκνότητι καὶ μανότητι τἆλλα γεννῶσιν, οὗτοι λανθάνουσιν αὐτοὶ αὑτοὺς ἄλλο τι πρότερον τοῦ στοιχείου ποιοῦντες·
Now, all those who make this one thing water or air or finer than water but denser than air, and then generate other things from this by density and rarity, unawares to themselves make something else prior to the element.
ἔστι γὰρ ἡ μὲν ἐκ τῶν στοιχείων γένεσις σύνθεσις, ὥς φασιν, ἡ δʼ εἰς τὰ στοιχεῖα διάλυσις, ὥστʼ ἀνάγκη πρότερον εἶναι τῇ φύσει τὸ λεπτομερέστερον.
For since generation from the elements is composition, as they say, and dissolution into the elements is decomposition, it is necessary that what is composed of finer parts is prior in nature.
ἐπεὶ οὖν φασὶ πάντων τῶν σωμάτων τὸ πῦρ λεπτότατον εἶναι, πρῶτον ἄν εἴη τῇ φύσει τὸ πῦρ (διαφέρει δʼ οὐθέν, ἀνάγκη γὰρ ἕν τι τῶν ἄλλων εἶναι πρῶτον, καὶ μὴ τὸ μέσον).
Since, then, they say that of all bodies fire is composed of the finest parts, fire would be prior in nature (though it makes no difference, for some one of the others must be prior, and not the intermediate).
ἔτι δὲ τὸ μὲν πυκνότητι καὶ μανότητι τἆλλα γεννᾶν οὐθὲν διαφέρει ἢ λεπτότητι καὶ παχύτητι· τὸ μὲν γὰρ λεπτὸν μανόν, τὸ δὲ παχὺ βούλονται εἶναι πυκνόν.
Furthermore, to generate other things by density and rarity makes no difference from generating them by fineness and coarseness; for they want the fine to be rare, and the coarse to be dense.
πάλιν δὲ τὸ λεπτότητι καὶ παχύτητι ταὐτὸν καὶ τὸ μεγέθει καὶ μικρότητι· λεπτὸν μὲν γὰρ τὸ μικρομερές, παχὺ δὲ τὸ μεγαλομερές· τὸ γὰρ ἐπεκτεινόμενον ἐπὶ πολὺ λεπτόν, τοιοῦτον δὲ τὸ ἐκ μικρῶν μερῶν συνεστός.
And again, to distinguish by fineness and coarseness is the same as by largeness and smallness; for the fine is that which is composed of small parts, and the coarse is that which is composed of large parts, since that which is extended over a wide area is fine, and such a thing is composed of small parts.
ὥστʼ αὐτοῖς συμβαίνει μεγέθει καὶ μικρότητι διαιρεῖν τὴν τῶν ἄλλων οὐσίαν.
So that it turns out for them that they divide the substance of the other things by largeness and smallness.
οὕτω δὲ διοριζομένοις ἅπαντα συμβήσεται λέγειν πρός τι, καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ἀπλῶς τὸ μὲν πῦρ τὸ δʼ ὕδωρ τὸ δʼ ἀήρ, ἀλλὰ τὸ αὐτὸ πρὸς μὲν τόδε πῦρ, πρὸς δέ τι ἄλλο ἀήρ, ὅπερ συμβαίνει καὶ τοῖς πλείω μὲν τὰ στοιχεῖα λέγουσι, μεγέθει δὲ καὶ μικρότητι διαφέρειν φάσκουσιν·
But for those who define in this way, it will turn out that everything is spoken of relatively, and there will not be absolutely one thing fire, another water, and another air, but the same thing will be fire in relation to this, and air in relation to something else, which also happens to those who say that the elements are more than one, but assert that they differ in largeness and smallness.
ἐπεὶ γὰρ τῷ ποσῷ διώρισται ἕκαστον, ἔσται τις λόγος πρὸς ἄλληλα τῶν μεγεθῶν, ὥστε τὰ τοῦτον ἔχοντα τὸν λόγον πρὸς ἄλληλα ἀνάγκη τὸ μὲν ἀέρα εἶναι τὸ δὲ πῦρ τὸ δὲ γῆν τὸ δʼ ὕδωρ, διὰ τὸ ἐνυπάρχειν ἐν τοῖς μείζοσι τοὺς τῶν ἐλαττόνων λόγους.
For since each is defined by quantity, there will be some ratio of the magnitudes to one another, so that those which have this ratio to one another must be, one air, another fire, another earth, and another water, because the ratios of the smaller things are present in the larger ones.
ὅσοι δὲ πῦρ ὑποτίθενται τὸ στοιχεῖον, τοῦτο μὲν διαφεύγουσιν, ἄλλα δʼ αὐτοῖς ἀναγκαῖον ἄλογα συμβαίνειν.
But those who assume fire to be the element escape this difficulty, though other unreasonable consequences must turn out for them.
οἱ μὲν γὰρ αὐτῶν σχῆμα περιάπτουσι τῷ πυρί, καθάπερ οἱ τὴν πυραμίδα ποιοῦντες, καὶ τούτων οἱ μὲν ἁπλουστέρως λέγοντες ὅτι τῶν μὲν σχημάτων τμητικώτατον ἡ πυραμίς, τῶν δὲ σωμάτων τὸ πῦρ, οἱ δὲ κομψοτέρως τῷ λόγῳ προσάγοντες ὅτι τὰ μὲν σώματα πάντα σύγκειται ἐκ τοῦ λεπτομερεστάτου, τὰ δὲ σχήματα τὰ στερεὰ ἐκ
For some of them assign a shape to fire, as do those who make it a pyramid; and of these, those who speak more simply say that the pyramid is the most cutting of shapes, and fire of bodies, while those who bring in a more elegant argument say that all bodies are composed of that which has the finest parts, and solid shapes are composed of...