§40XL. γενομένων δὲ τοιούτων τῶν διαλύσεων, καὶ φοβουμένων ὅσοι μετὰ τῶν τριάκοντα συνεπολέμησαν, καὶ πολλῶν μὲν ἐπινοούντων ἐξοικεῖν ἀναβαλλομένων δὲ τὴν ἀπογραφὴν εἰς τὰς ἐσχάτας ἡμέρας, ὅπερ εἰώθασιν ποιεῖν ἅπαντες, Ἀρχῖνος συνιδὼν τὸ πλῆθος καὶ βουλόμενος κατασχεῖν αὐτοὺς ὑφεῖλε τὰς ὑπολοίπους ἡμέρας τῆς ἀπογραφῆς, ὥστε συναναγκασθῆναι μένειν πολλοὺς ἄκοντας ἕως ἐθάρρησαν.
XL. When the reconciliation had taken place in this way, and those who had fought on the side of the Thirty were in fear, and many were intending to emigrate but were procrastinating their registration until the last days, as indeed everyone is accustomed to do, Archinus, seeing their large number and wishing to retain them, secretly cut off the remaining days of the registration, with the result that many were forced to remain against their will until they grew confident.
καὶ δοκεῖ τοῦτό τε πολιτεύσασθαι καλῶς Ἀρχῖνος καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα γραψάμενος τὰ ψήφισμα τὸ Θρασυβούλου παρανόμων, ἐν ᾦ μετεδίδου τῆς πολιτείας πᾶσι τιῖς ἐκ Πειραιέως συγκατελθοῦσι ὧν ἔνιοι φανερῶς ἧσαν δοῦλοι, καὶ τρίτον, ἐπεί τις ἤρχατο τῶν κατεληλυθότων μνησικακεῖν ἀπαγαγών τοῦτον ἐπὶ τὴν βουλὴν καὶ πείσας ἄχριτον ἀποκτεῖναι, λέγων ὅτι νῦν δείζουσιν εἰβούλονται τὴν δημοκρατίαν σῲζειν καὶ τοῖς ὅρκοις ἐμμένειν· ἀφέντας μὲν γὰρ τοῦτον προτρέφειν καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους, ἐὰν δ’ άνέλωσιν, παράδειγμα ποιήσειν ἅπασιν.
And Archinus seems to have acted as a wise statesman in this matter, as well as in later indicting the decree of Thrasybulus for unconstitutionality, in which Thrasybulus was sharing the citizenship with all those who returned with him from Peiraeus, some of whom were clearly slaves. And thirdly, when one of those who had returned began to harbor a grudge, he arrested him and brought him before the Council, and persuaded them to put him to death without trial, saying that they would now show whether they wished to preserve the democracy and abide by their oaths, for by letting this man go they would encourage others, but by putting him to death they would make him an example to all.
ὅπερ καὶ συνέπεσεν· ἀποθανόντος γὰρ οὐδεὶς πώποτε ὕστερον ἐμνησικάκησεν.
And this indeed happened; for after he was put to death, no one ever again harbored a grudge.
ἀλλὰ δοκοῦσιν κάλλιστα δὴ καὶ πολιτικώντατα ἁπάντων καὶ ἱδίᾳ καὶ κοινῇ χρήσασθαι ταῖς προγεγενημέναις συμφοραῖς· οὐγὰρ μόνον τὰς περὶ τῶν προτέρων αἰτίας ἐξήλειφαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὰ χρήματα Λαζκεδαιμονίοις, οἱ πριάκοντα πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον ἔλαβον, ἀπέδοσαν κοινῇ, κελευουσῶν τῶν συνθηκῶν ἑκατέρους ἀποδιδόναι χωρὶς τούς τ’ ἐκ τοῦ ἄστεως καὶ τοὺς ἐκ τοῦ Πειραιέως, ἡγούμενοι τοῦτο πρῶτον ἄρχειν δεῖν τῆς ὁμονοίας·
Rather, they seem to have handled the past misfortunes in the finest and most statesmanlike manner of all, both individually and collectively; for they not only wiped out the charges concerning past events, but also repaid the Lacedaemonians collectively the money which the Thirty had received for the war, although the covenants ordered each side to pay back separately, namely the men from the city and those from Peiraeus, because they believed this should be the first step towards concord; whereas in other cities, those who have established a democracy, so far from contributing from their own property, actually redistribute the land.
ἐν δὲ ταῖς ἄλλαις πόλεσιν οὐχ οἷον ἔτι προστιθέασιν τῶν οἰκείων οἱ δημοκρατήσαντες, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν | χώραν ἀνάδαστο[ν] ποιοῦσιν. διελέθησαν δὲ καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἐν Ἐλευσῖνι κατο] ικήσαντας ἔτει τρίτῳ μετὰ τὴν ἐξοίκησιν, ἐπὶ Ξε[ναι]νέτου ἄρχοντος.
They also made peace with those who had settled in Eleusis in the third year after the emigration, in the archonship of Xenainetus.
§41XLI. ταῦτα μὲν οῡν ἐν τοῖς ὕστε[ρο]ν συνέβη γενέσθαι καιροῖς, τότε τότε δὲ κύριος ὁ δῆμος γενόμενος τῶν πραγμάτων ἐνεστήσατο τὴν νῦν] οὖσαν πολιτείαν, ἐπὶ Πυθοδώρου μὲν ἄρχοντος, † δοκοῦντος δὲ δικαίως τοῦ δήμου λαβεῖν τὴν π[ο]λιτείαν διὰ τὸ ποιήσασθαι τὴν κάθοδον δι’ αὑτοῦ τὸν δῆμον †.
XLI. These things indeed happened in later times, but at that time the people, having become masters of affairs, established the present constitution, under the archonship of Pythodorus, when the people seemed to have taken the constitution justly because they had achieved their return by their own efforts.
ἦν δὲ τῶν μεταβολῶν ἑνδεκάτη τὸν ἀριθμὸν αὕτη.
This was the eleventh change in number.
πρώτη μὲν γὰρ ἐγένετο μετάστασις τῶν ἐξ ἀρχῆς, Ἴωνος καὶ τῶν μετ’ αὐτοῦ συνοικησάντων· τότε γὰρ πρῶτον εἰς τὰς τέτταρας συνενεμήθησαν φυλὰς καὶ τοὺς φυλοβασιλέας κατέστησαν.
For the first transition was from the original state, under Ion and those who settled with him; for then first they were divided into the four tribes and appointed the tribe-kings.
δευτέρα δὲ καὶ πρώτη μετὰ ταύτη[ν], ἔχουσα πολιτείας τάξιν, ἡ ἐπὶ Θησέως γενομένη, μικρὸν παρεγκλίνουσα τῆς βασιλικῆς.
The second, and the first after this which had the form of a constitution, was that under Theseus, deviating slightly from the kingship.
μετὰ δὲ ταύτην ἡ ἐπὶ Δράκοντος, ἐν ᾗ καὶ νόμους ἀνέγραφαν πρῶτον.
And after this, that under Draco, in which they also first wrote down the laws.
τρίτη δ’ ἡ μετὰ τὴν στάσιν ἡ ἐπὶ Σόλωνος, ἀφ’ ἧς ἀρχὴ δημοκρατίας ἐγένετο.
The third was that after the dissension, under Solon, from which the beginning of democracy arose.
τετάρτη δ’ ἡ ἐπὶ Πεισιστράτου τυπαννίς.
The fourth was the tyranny under Peisistratus.
πέμπτη δ’ ἡ μετὰ τῶν τυράννων κατὰλυσιν λυσιν ἡ Κλεισθένους, δημοτικωτέρα τῆς Σόλωνος.
The fifth was that of Cleisthenes after the overthrow of the tyrants, more democratic than Solon's.
ἕκτη δ’ μετὰ τὰ Μηδικά, τῆς ἐξ’ Αρείου πάγου βουλῆς ἐπιστατούσης.
The sixth was after the Persian Wars, when the Council of Areopagus directed the state.
ἑβδόμη δὲ καὶ μετὰ ταύτην, ἥν Ἀριστείσης μὲν ὑπέδειξεν Ἐφιάλτης δ’ ἐπετέλεσεν καταλύσας τὴν Ἀρεοπαγῖτιν βουλήν· ἐν ᾗ πλεῖστα συνέβη τὴν τὴν πόλιν διὰ τοὺς δημαγωγοὺς ἁμαρτάνειν διὰ τὴν τῆς θαλάττης ἀρχήν.
The seventh and after this, which Aristeides pointed out and Ephialtes completed by overthrowing the Areopagite Council; during which it happened that the city made very many errors because of the demagogues on account of the maritime supremacy.
ὀγδόη δ’ ἡ τῶν τετρακοσίων κοσίων κατάστασις, καὶ μετὰ ταύτην, ἐνάτη δέ, δημοκρατία πάλιν.
The eighth was the establishment of the Four Hundred and after this, the ninth, democracy again.
δεκάτη δ’ ἡ τῶν τριάκοντα καὶ ἡ τῶν δέκα τυραννίς.
The tenth was the tyranny of the Thirty and that of the Ten.
ἑνδεκάτη δ’ ἡ μετὰ τὴν ἀπὸ Φυλῆς καὶ ἐκ Πειραιέως κάθοδον, ἀφ’ ἧς διαγεγένηται μέχρι τῆς νῦν ἀεὶ προσεπιλαμάνουσα τῷ πλήθει τὴν ἐξουσίαν.
The eleventh was that after the return from Phyle and Peiraeus, since which the constitution has continued until the present, always adding more power to the multitude.
ἁπάντων γὰρ αὐτὸς αὑτὸν πεποίηκεν ὁ δῆμος κύριον, καὶ πάντα διοικεῖται ψηφίσμασιν καὶ δικαστηρίοις, στηρίοις, ἐν οἷς ὁ δῆμός ἐστιν ὁ κρατῶν.
For the people itself has made itself master of everything, and all things are administered by decrees and courts, in which the people is the sovereign power.
καὶ γὰρ τῆς βουλῆς κρίσεις εἰς τὸν δημον ἐληλύθασιν. καὶ τοῦτο δοκοῦσι ποιεῖν ὀρθῶς· εὐδιαφθορώτεροι τεροι γὰρ > ὀλίγοι τῶν πολλῶν εἰσιν καὶ κέρδει καὶ χάρισιν.
For indeed the judicial powers of the Council have passed to the people, and they seem to do this rightly, for a few are more easily corrupted than the many, both by gain and by influence.
μισθοφόρον δ’ ἐκκλησίαν τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἀπέγνωσαν ποιεῖν· οὐ συλλεγομένων δ’ εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, αλλὰ πολλὰ σοφιζομένων τῶν πρυτάνεων, ὅπως προσιστῆται τὸ πλῆθος πρὸς τὴν ἐπι|κύρωσιν τῆς χειροτονίας, πρῶτον μὲν Ἀγύρριος ὀβολὸν ἐπόρισεν, μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Ἡρακλείδης ὁ Κλαζομένιος ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐπικαλούμενος διώβολον, πάλιν δ’ Ἀγύρριος τριώβολον.
At first they decided not to make the assembly paid; but when they did not assemble for the assembly, and the prytaneis devised many plans to bring the multitude there for the ratification of the vote by show of hands, first Agyrrhius provided an obol, and after him Heracleides of Clazomenae, surnamed 'the king', a diobol, and again Agyrrhius a triobol.