§32XXXII. οἱ μὲν οὖν ἑκατὸν οἱ ὑπὸ τῶν πεντακισχιλίων αἱρεθέντες ταύτην ἀνέγραψαν τὴν πολιτείαν.
XXXII. The hundred men chosen by the Five Thousand wrote down this constitution.
ἐπικυρωθέντων δὲ τούτων ὑπὸ τοῦ πλήθους, ἐπιψηφίσαντος Ἀριστομάχου, ἡ μὲν βουγὴ <ἡ> ἐπὶ Καλλίου διαβουλεῦσαι κατελύθη μηνὸς Θαργηλιῶνος τετράσι ἐπὶ δέκα, οἱ δὲ τετρακόσιοι εἰσῄεσαν ἐνάτῃ φθίνοντος Θαργηλιῶνος.
But when these were ratified by the multitude, with Aristomachus putting the vote, the council of the year of Callias was dissolved before completing its term on the fourteenth of the month Thargelion, and the Four Hundred entered on the ninth of the waning Thargelion.
ἒδει δὲ τὴν εἰληχυῖκν τῷ κυάμῳ βουλὴν εἰσιέναι δ ἐπὶ δέκα Σκιρφοριῶνος.
But the council chosen by lot ought to have entered on the fourteenth of Scirophorion.
ἡ μὲν οὖν ὀλιγαρχία τοῦτον κατέστη τὸν τρόπον ἐπὶ Καλλίου μὲν ἒρχοντος, ἒτεσιν δ’ ὓστερον τῆς τῶν τυράννων ἐχβολῆς μάλιστα ἑκατόν, αἰτίων μάλιστα γενομένων Πεισάνδρου καὶ Ἀντιφῶντος καὶ Θηραμένους, ἀνδρῶν καὶ γεγενημένων εὖ καὶ συνέσει καὶ γνώμῃ δοκούντων διαφέρειν.
Thus the oligarchy was established in this manner in the archonship of Callias, about one hundred years after the expulsion of the tyrants, with the chief instigators being Peisander, Antiphon, and Theramenes, men both of good birth and reputed to excel in intelligence and judgment.
γενομένης | δὲ τάυτης τῆς πολιτείας οἱ μὲν πεντακισχίλιοι λόγῳ μόνον ῄρέθηδαν, οἱ δὲ τετρακόσιοι μετὰ τῶν δέκα τῶν αὐτοκρατόρων εἰσελθόντες εἰς τὸ βουλευτήριον ἦρχον τῆς πόλεως, καὶ πρὸς Λακεδαιμονίους πρεσβευσάμενοι κατελύοντο τὸν πόλεμον ἐφ’ οἶς ἐκάτεροι τυγχάνουσιν ἒχοντες.
But when this constitution was established, the Five Thousand were chosen in name only, and the Four Hundred, entering the council chamber with the ten generals with full powers, ruled the city, and sending embassies to the Lacedaemonians, they tried to end the war on the terms of what each party actually held.
οὐχ ὑπακουόντων δ’ ἐκείνων εἰ μὴ καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν τῆς δαλάττης ἀφήσουσιν, οὓτως ἀπέστησαν. §33XXXIII. μῆνας μὲν οὖν ἴσως τέτταρας διέμεινεν ἡ τῶν τετρακοσίων πολιτεία, καὶ ἦρξεν ἐξ αὐτῶν Μνασίλοχος δίμηνον ἐπὶ Θεοπόμπου ἂρχοντος, > ἦρξε τοὺς ἐπιλοίπους δέκα μῆνας.
But when the latter did not comply unless they also gave up their empire of the sea, they thus desisted. XXXIII. Now the constitution of the Four Hundred lasted perhaps four months, and Mnasilochus from among them ruled as archon for two months in the archonship of Theopompus, who ruled for the remaining ten months.
ἡττηθέντες δὲ τῇ περὶ Ἐρέτριαν ναυμαχίᾳ καὶ τῆς Εὐβοίας ἀποστάσης ὃλης πλὴν Ὠρεοῦ, χαλεπῶς ἐνεγκόντες ἐπὶ τῇ συμφορᾷ μάλιστα τῶν προγεγενημένων (πλείω γὰρ ἐκ τῆς ἢ τῆς Ἀττικῆς ἐτύγχανον ὠφελούμενοι) κατέλυσαν τοὺς τετρακοσίους καὶ τὰ πράγματα παρέδωκαν τοῖς πεντακισχιλίοις τοῖς ἐκ τῶν ὃπλων, ψηφισάμενοι μηβδεμίαν ἀρχὴν εἶναι μισθοφόρον.
But being defeated in the naval battle of Eretria, and all Euboea having revolted except Oreus, they bore the disaster heavily, most of all those that had occurred before (for they happened to derive more benefit from Euboea than from Attica), and they dissolved the Four Hundred and handed over the government to the Five Thousand from the heavy-armed, having voted that no office should receive pay.
αἰτιώτατοι δ’ ἐγένοντο τῆς καταλύσεως Ἀριστοκράτης καὶ Θηραμένης, οὺ συναρεσκόμενοι τοῖς ὑπὸ τῶν τετρακοσίων γιγνομένοις· ἃπαντα γὰρ δι’ αὑτῶν ἒπραττον, οὐδὲν ἐπαναφέροντες τοῖς πεντακισχιλίοις.
And the chief causes of the dissolution were Aristocrates and Theramenes, who were not pleased with the things done by the Four Hundred; for they did everything by themselves, referring nothing to the Five Thousand.
δοκοῦσι δὲ καλῶς πολιτευθήναι κατὰ τούτους τοὺς καιρούς, πολέμου τε καθεστῶτος καὶ ἐκ τῶν ὃπλων τῆς πολιτειας ουσης. §34XXXIV. τούτους μὲν οῦν ἀφείλετο τὴν πολιτείαν ὁ δῆμος διὰ τάχους·
And they seem to have governed well during these times, both because a war was on and the constitution was based on those who bore arms. XXXIV.
ἒτει δ’ ἑβδόμῳ μετὰ τὴν τῶν τετρακοσίων κατάλυσιν, ἐπὶ Καλλίου τοῦ Ἀγγελῆθεν ἂρχοντος, γενομένης τῆς ἐν Ἀργινούσσαις ναυμαχίας, πρῶτον μὲν τοὺς δέκα στρατηγοὸς τοὺς τῇ ναυμαχίᾳ νικῶντας συνέβη κριθῆναι μιᾷ κειροτονίᾳ πάντας, τοὺς μὲν οὐδὲ συνναυμαχήσαντας, τοὺς δ’ ἐπ’ ἀλλοτρίας νεῶς σωθέντας, ἐξαπατηθέντος τοῦ δήμου διὰ τοὺς παρορλίσαντας· ἂπειτα βουλομένων Λακεδαιμόνίων ἐκ Δεκελείας ἀπιέναι καὶ ἐφ’ οἶς ἒχουσιν ἐκάτεροι εἰρήνην ἂγειν ἒνιοι μὲν ἐσπόύδαζον, τὸ δὲ πλῆθος | οὐκ ὑπήκουσεν ἐξαπατηθέντες ὑπὸ Κλεοφῶντος, ὃς ἐκώλυσε γενέσθαι τῆν εἰρήνην ἐλθὼν εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν μεθύων καὶ θώρακα ἐνθεδυκώς, οὑ φάσκων ἐπιτρέψειν, ἐὰν μὴ πάσας ἀφιῶσι Λακεδαιμονιοι τὰς πόλεις.
But the people took away the constitution from these men quickly; and in the seventh year after the dissolution of the Four Hundred, in the archonship of Callias of Angele, when the naval battle of Arginusae took place, it first happened that the ten generals who won the naval battle were all judged by a single vote, some of them not even having fought in the battle, and others having been saved on other ships, because the people were deceived by those who incited them to anger; and then, when the Lacedaemonians wished to withdraw from Decelea and make peace on the terms of what each party held, some were eager for it, but the multitude did not comply, being deceived by Cleophon, who prevented the peace from being made, coming into the assembly drunk and wearing a breastplate, and saying that he would not permit it unless the Lacedaemonians gave up all the cities.
οὑ χρησάμενοι δὲ παλῶς τότε τοῖς πράγμασι μετ’ οὐ πολὺν χρόνον ἒγνωσαν τὴν ἀμαρτίαν.
But having not managed affairs well then, they realized their error not long after.
τῷ γὰρ ὓστερον ἒτει ἐπ’ Ἀλεξίου ἂρχοντος ἠτύχησαν τὴν ἐν Αἰγὸς ποταμοῖς ναυμαχίαν, ἐξ ἦς συνέβη κύριον γενόμενον τῆς πόλεως Λύσανδρον καταστῆσαι τοὺς τριάκοντα τρόπῳ τοιῷδε.
For in the following year, in the archonship of Alexias, they suffered misfortune in the naval battle of Aegospotami, as a result of which it happened that Lysander, having become master of the city, established the Thirty in the following manner.
τῆς εἰρήνης γενομένης αὐτοῖς ἐφ’ ᾦ τε πολιτεύσονται τὴν πάτριον πολιτείαν, οἱ μὲν δημοτικοὶ διασῴζειν ἐπειρῶντο τὸν δῆμον, τῶν δὲ γνωρίμων οἱ μὲν ἐν ταῖς ἐταιρείαις ὂντες καὶ τῶν φυγάδων οἱ μετὰ τὴν εἰρήνην κατελθόντες ὀλιγαρχίας ἐπεθύμουν, οἱ δ’ ἐν ἐταιρείᾳ μὲν οὐδεμιᾷ αυγκαθεστῶτες [ἄ]λλως δὲ δοκοῦντες οὐδενὸς τῶν πολιτῶν τὴν πάτριον πολιτείαν ἐζήτουν.
When peace was made on the condition that they should live under their ancestral constitution, the popular party tried to preserve the democracy, but of the notables, those who were in the clubs and those of the exiles who returned after the peace desired oligarchy, while those who were not members of any club, but otherwise were reputed second to none of the citizens, sought the ancestral constitution.
ὦν ἦν μὲν καὶ Ἀρχῖνος καὶ Ἄνυτος καὶ Κλειτοφῶν καὶ Φορμίσιος καὶ ἓτεροι πολλοί, προειστήκει δὲ μάλιστα Θηραμένης.
Among these were Archinus, Anytus, Cleitophon, Phormisius, and many others, but Theramenes was their chief leader.
Λυσάνδρου δὲ προσθεμένου τοῖς ὀλιγαρχικοῖς καταπλαγεὶς ὁ δῆμος ἠναγκάσθη γειροτονεῖν τῆν ὀλιγαρχίαν.
But Lysander having sided with the oligarchs, the people, being intimidated, were forced to vote for the oligarchy.
ἒγραψε δὲ τὸ ψήφισμα Δρακοντίδης Ἀφιδναῖος.
And Dracontides of Aphidna wrote the decree.